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Professor Saifur RahmanVirginia Tech Advanced Research InstituteElectrical & Computer Engg Department
Auckland University of TechnologyAuckland, NZ, 15 December 2016
FROM SMART BUILDINGS TO A SMART CITYTHE ROLE OF THE SMART GRID
2www.saifurrahman.org
Virginia Tech Research CenterArlington, Virginia, USA
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PPT slides will be available at
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Rooftop Solar Photovoltaics
Electric Vehicle Charging
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Implementing smart building solutions can provide:
• up to 30% savings of water usage
• up to 40% savings of energy usage
• reduce building maintenance costs by 10-30 percent
Smart BuildingsA smart building connects the building automation system with building operations, such as HVAC, lighting, water supply, sensor network and fire emergency.
Source: Smart Building Market To Grow 30% by 2020, http://www.iotsolutionprovider.com/smart-building/smart-building-market-to-grow-30-by-2020, December 2015.
Smart Buildings & IoT Evolution
Building Control••HVAC control••Lighting control
Building Automation••Building
management••Building control
Building Performance••Energy
management••Remote
monitoring••Remote control
Smart Building••Intelligent
buildings••Green buildings••Grid integration
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020<
InternetofThing(IoT)ConnectedDevices
50billions6.92billions0.2billions
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Source: Internet of Things Philippines Inc., http://www.iotphils.com/solutions/smart-cities/#prettyPhoto, December 2015.
Smart cities address urban challenges such as pollution, energy efficiency, security, parking, traffic, transportation, and others by utilizing advanced technologies in data gathering and communications interconnectivity via the Internet.
Smart Cities
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From Smart Buildings to Smart Cities
Smart City
Energy
Smart Grid
Smart Buildings
Smart grid: Bi-directional flows of energy, remote control/automation of power, integrated distributed energy…
Smart city: Complex system of interconnected infrastructures and services…
Smart buildings: Intelligent building automation systems, smart devices, productive users, grid integration…Supported by ICT and distributed networks
of intelligent sensors, data centers/clouds
Energy: Smart electric power grids, smart gas networks, smart water systems…
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Intelligent LoadDemand or price-driven control of appliances
SensorsDetect outages, fluctuations, and disturbances
Distributed Arch.Local monitoring and control
Distribution NetworkInterconnected micro grids
Smart Inverters and StorageMinimize voltage and power fluctuations
Control Room FunctionsBalance electricity supply/demand across the grid
Bulk PowerPlant
Wind Power Park
Intelligent Interconnected Grid
© Saifur Rahman
Microgrid
Power PlantTransmission
DistributionHome
BusinessEnd-use
Appliances
Starting and End Points of a Smart Grid
FromGeneratortoRefrigerator
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• Work with existing buildings
• Work with existing controllers/sensors as much as possible
• End-user operation without dedicated building automation staff
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Need to Provide a Low-cost BAS
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Improvesenergyefficiencyandfacilitatesdemandresponseimplementationinbuildings.
Virginia Tech (VT) Solution for Low-cost BASBEMOSSisaBuildingEnergyManagementOpenSourceSoftware(BEMOSS)solutionthatisengineeredtoimprovesensingandcontrolofequipmentinsmall- andmedium-sizedcommercialbuildings.
Threemajorloadsinbuildings• HVAC• Lightingloads• Plugloads
BEMOSSmonitoringandcontrol:
BEMOSS value:
BEMOSSwww.bemoss.org
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BEMOSS InteroperabilityCommunicationTechnologies
q Ethernet(IEEE802.3)q SerialInterface(RS-485)q ZigBee(IEEE802.15.4)qWiFi(IEEE802.11)
DataExchangeProtocolsq BACnet(IPandMS/TP)qModbus(RTUandTCP)qWeb(e.g.,XML,JSON,RSS/Atom)q ZigBeeAPIq SmartEnergy(SE)q OpenADR (OpenAutomatedDemandResponse)
RS-485
Smart Energy Profile (SEP)
WEB
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BEMOSS Plug & Play
BEMOSSautomaticallydiscoversnewloadcontrollersdeployedinabuildingSensors/
PowerMeters
Plug Load Controllers
Lighting Load Controllers
CT30 (WiFi)
CT50 (WiFi)
CT80 (ZigBee
SE)
ICM(WiFi)
RTU (Modbus)
VAV controller (Modbus)
Nest(WiFi)
Philips Hue(WiFi)
Light switch(WiFi)
Step-dimmed ballast
(ZigBee)Lighting
load controller(BACnet)
Smart plug(WiFi)
Smart plug(ZigBee)
Plug load controller(BACnet)
Power meter
(BACnet/Modbus)
Power meter(Modbus)
Occupancy sensor
(BACnet)
Light sensor(BACnet)
WithBEMOSSdiscoveryagent,weknow:• Thedeviceispresentinthebuilding.• Devicemodelnumber,e.g.,3M-50.• Whatthedevicecando,e.g., monitortemperatureandadjustsetpoint.
HVAC Load
Controllers
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BEMOSS Core
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BEMOSS: Solutions for Small Buildings
ZigBeemesh
PlugLoadControllers
ZigBeemesh
LightingLoadControllers
HVAC Controllers
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BEMOSS Core
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BEMOSS Scalability: Solutions for Larger Buildings
BEMOSSZone1
BEMOSSZone2
Floor 1
Floor 2
BEMOSSCore
…
…
…
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• Integration of machine learning algorithms to get better understanding of power consumption in buildings
• Integration of algorithms to manage a large amount of data collected from load controllers/sensors
• Integration of algorithms to allow management of multiple buildings in a transaction-based energy network
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Campus Applications of BEMOSS
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• Sensors/Actuators and IoT devices with cloud access are remotely accessible by BEMOSS servers
• All software is served and maintained from the BEMOSS provider premises
• Better security
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BEMOSS Applications in the Cloud
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Building1– VirginiaTechArchitectureBuilding
• Location:Alexandria,VA• Demonstration:HVAC,plugloadcontrol
Building2– EquipmentBureau
• Location:Arlington,VA• Demonstration:Lightingcontrol
Building3– VirginiaTechbuilding
• Location:Blacksburg,VA• Demonstration:HVACcontrol
• Location:CampSprings,MD• Demonstration:HVACcontrol
Building4– PGCountybuilding
BEMOSS Deployment in Four Buildings
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Building 1 – VT Building in Alexandria, VA
Area: 25,000SFEnergy: 14-25MWh/mo.Peakload:61kW
1021PrinceSt.,Alexandria,VA22314
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Internal BEMOSS Deployment
BEMOSScore
Plugloadcontroller
Environmentalsensor(CO2,noise,temperature,humidity)
Motionsensor
Thermostat
Powermeter
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UI For all Devices in BEMOSS
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HVAC Devices on BEMOSS
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Battery Storage Monitoring in BEMOSS
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2701STaylorSt,Arlington,VA22206
Officebuildingsize:5,000sqftElectricityconsumption:N/A
Building 2 – Office Building, Arlington, VA
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Internal BEMOSS Deployment
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Energy Consumption for February 2016
Location of Lights
Scheduled Dimming Level from 6:30 AM to
9:00 PM
Total Measured Energy
Consumption for
February 2016*(kWh)
Total Calculated Energy
Consumptionwithout
Dimming for February 2016*
(kWh)
Energy Saving
by dimming for
February 2016*(%)
Open Office Area
Open Office Area A: 50Open Office Area B: 45
150.81 244.33 38.28
Bureau Chief’s Office
Desk Area: 60Meeting Area: 50 17.39 27.17 35.97
Conference Rooms A & B
Conference Room A: 50Conference Room B: 45
14.96 26.99 44.55
Total 183.16 298.49 38.64* Data reflects some missing dates in February 2016
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Building 3 – Commercial Office Space in Blacksburg, VA
460TurnerSt,Blacksburg,VA26041
Retailedbuilding:~50,000sqftPeakdemand:~160kWElectricityconsumption:46-65MWh/month
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BEMOSS Hardware Deployment
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PG County Dept of Family ServicesCampSprings,MD20748
Area: 45,000SF
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BEMOSS Deployment
2powermeters(BACnet)
13thermostats(WiFi)2BEMOSSnodes
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Solar PV System in BEMOSS Platform
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Remote PV Data Access with BEMOSS
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PV Inverter Data Access from BEMOSS
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5 kW 12 kWh
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Battery Cells
Battery Storage Project at Virginia Tech in Alexandria, VA
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Battery Storage Interconnection
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Battery Storage Data Access from BEMOSS
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Diverse and multi-vendor sensors/actuators and IoTdevices can be accessed from a single platform
An Open Architecture Platform
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Transitioning from a Research Project to
a Commercial Enterprise
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www.bemcontrols.com
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www.bemcontrols.com
Professor Saifur RahmanVirginia Tech Advanced Research InstituteVirginia, USA(www.saifurrahman.org)
Thank You
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