COMMUNITY ACCESS TO DATA ON
POLICE USE OF FORCE
“There’s so many little black and brown kids
dying by the police hand… There’s so much
that I want to do about it, but I don’t even know
what would actually help.”(CA TOBACCO STUDY INTERVIEW)
1919, CHICAGO 1964, HARLEM 2009, OAKLAND
“We want facts. We need history. We need
paperwork… It’s like now, we’re taking Oscar
Grant’s name in vain. All the people that died
before Mike Brown…”(CA TOBACCO STUDY INTERVIEW)
This National Police
Use of Force
Database was
mandated in 1995,
but never produced
comprehensive
data…
No capacity to link incidents
to
(de-identified) individual
officers – needed to inform
early warning systems to
prevent deaths.
Arrest-Related Deaths Program (BJS, suspended)
National Police Misconduct Reporting Project (CATO INSTITUTE)
National Police Violence Map (SINGYANWE, ELZIE,
McKESSON)
The Counted project (THE GUARDIAN)
No comprehensive national data on
deaths.
Also no capacity to link
incidents to (de-identified)
individual officers in order to
inform early warning systems
that can prevent deaths.
Police-Public Contact Survey (BJS)
WISQARS (CDC INJURY CENTER)
* Police Open Data Census (CODE
FOR AMERICA)
No comprehensive national data on
injuries.
ICD-9E970 INJURY DUE TO
LEGAL INTERVENTION BY
FIREARMS
ICD-10Y35.001A-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL INJURED, INITIAL ENCOUNTER
Y35.001D-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL INJURED, SUBSEQUENT ENCOUNTER
Y35.001S-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL INJURED, SEQUELA
Y35.002A-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, BYSTANDER INJURED, INITIAL ENCOUNTER
Y35.002D-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, BYSTANDER INJURED, SUBSEQUENT ENCOUNTER
Y35.002S-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, BYSTANDER INJURED, SEQUELA
Y35.003A-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, SUSPECT INJURED, INITIAL ENCOUNTER
Y35.003D-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, SUSPECT INJURED, SUBSEQUENT ENCOUNTER
Y35.003S-LEGAL INTERVENTION INVOLVING UNSPECIFIED FIREARM DISCHARGE, SUSPECT INJURED, SEQUELA
CDC requires hospitals
to come into compliance
with ICD-10 as of
10/1/2015
Although national data are limited, available
evidence suggests that some people are more
affected by violence in policing than others.
Black/African AmericanAmerican Indian/Native AmericanLGBTQ+Living in high risk neighborhoods
Mentally illHomelessSex workers
People who
are…
* Standard use of force reporting doesn’t capture some of these
factors, ex. perceived LGBTQ identity – but maybe it should…
PHYSICAL BATTERY
& DEATH
“[Police] told me I looked like a
robbery suspect. Beat my ass and
told me to get out of West Oakland…
for nothing”
(CA TOBACCO STUDY INTERVIEW)
Research suggests that members of
these groups are especially
vulnerable to…
SEXUAL ASSAULT
Some research suggests that the
prevalence of sexual assaults by
police is high among Trans women.
Very few data collection
instruments ask respondents
about sexual assault in
encounters with police at all.
LOSS OF TRUST
“We don’t really trust cops out here..
I’m more scared of them than of
anything else.”(CA TOBACCO STUDY INTERVIEW)
People who are afraid of the police
may not contact the police
- in an emergency
- to report criminal activity
- to offer witness accounts or evidence
Occupational stress
Post-traumatic stress
disorder
Problematic alcohol use
Are there health implications to
being partnered with an officer
who has a pattern of escalating
encounters?
Health impacts for police officers…
Violence in policing is a public
health issue.
- Request blank forms first to find out what data is available- Omit open text fields to minimize redaction delays- Request machine parseable data- Look into systems like Recordtraccodeforamerica.org/products/recordtrac/for your community.
The Police Open Data Censuscodeforamerica.github.io/PoliceOpenDat
aCensus/
Useful data local police agencies may collect: UOF reports, civilian complaints & settlement payments, stop data, incident reports…
Critical Public Health Research Collaborativecriticalpublichealth.orgfacebook.com/cphrg, twitter.com/cphrg
Reference collectioncriticalpublichealth.org/police-use-of-force-and-data-access/
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