PM Challenge 2007
1
STARDUSTBringing a Comet Home
Discovery 4 Mission
PI Don Brownlee@ Univ of Wash
ManagingAgency
IndustrialPartner
Lockheed Martin Space SystemsCivil Space
Space Exploration Systems
Joe VellingaProject Management Challenge 2007
February 6, 2007
PM Challenge 2007
2
STARDUST
PM Challenge 2007
3
Wild-2 Encounter
01/02/04 Vinf=6.1 km/s Rsun=1.9 AU
REarth=2.6 AU
Earth Orbit
1
2
A
B
3
Interstellar Particle Stream
Interstellar Particle Collection A-B: Feb-May 00, Aug-Dec 02
Comet Wild-2 Orbit
Loop 1
Loops 2 & 3
X Ecliptic J2000
Launch 02/07/99*
Earth Gravity Assist 01/15/01
Earth Return 01/15/06
Heliocentric Loops 1, 2 and 3 Feb 99-Jan 01, -Jul 03, -Jan 06
Deep Space Maneuvers 1: Jan 2000, 2: Jan 2002 3: Jun 2003, 4: Feb 2004
4
* second day of launch period
Annefrank 11/02/02
Vinf=7.2 km/s Rsun=2.3 AU
REarth=2.3 AU
Trajectory Overview
PM Challenge 2007
4
Wild 2 Encounter
PM Challenge 2007
5
Spacecraft Overview - at EncounterLaunch Mass: 385 kg (848 lb)-Bus: 254 kg (560 lb)-SRC: 46 kg (101 lb)-Fuel: 85 kg (187 lb)
Thrusters
Dust Flux MonitorInstrument
PM Challenge 2007
6
Cometary Dust Collection
Navigation Camera Mirror
AerogelCollection
Grid
PM Challenge 2007
7
Interstellar Particle Collection
AerogelCollection
Grid
PM Challenge 2007
8
Aerogel Sample Collector
Part
icle
Car
rot T
rack
1 cm Interstellar Grid
3 cm Comet Grid
PM Challenge 2007
9
Stardust Structure
PM Challenge 2007
10
Whipple Shield
PM Challenge 2007
11
1 cm
2 cm
5 cm
11 cm
Whipple Shield Does Its Job
PM Challenge 2007
12
Dust Flux Monitor
PM Challenge 2007
13
DFM on Whipple Shield BumperMass Simulator
PM Challenge 2007
14
Cometary & Interstellar Dust Analyzer (CIDA)
PM Challenge 2007
15
Navigation Camera (Nav Cam)
PM Challenge 2007
16
Stardust Assembled
PM Challenge 2007
17
On Delta II (7426)
PM Challenge 2007
18
Launch, 7 February 1999
PM Challenge 2007
19
Fairing Separation
PM Challenge 2007
20
AnneFrank Encounter 2 Nov 2002
0
64
128
192
256
320
384
448
512
576
640
704
768
832
896
960
1024
0 64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512 576 640 704 768 832 896 960 1024
Pixel
Line
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
7206
7870
0
7206
7880
0
7206
7890
0
7206
7900
0
7206
7910
0
7206
7920
0
7206
7930
0
7206
7940
0
7206
7950
0
7206
7960
0
7206
7970
0
7206
7980
0
7206
7990
0
7206
8000
0
7206
8010
0
7206
8020
0
7206
8030
0
sclk
Mirr
or A
ngle
(deg
.)
NucleusTracking
Control
Roll Maneuver,If It Had BeenRequired
Mirror Angle
NavCam CCD
Default TrajectoryLocked On
Navigation put it inField of View
PM Challenge 2007
21
81P/Wild 2
PM Challenge 2007
22
Orbital Evolution of Wild 2
PM Challenge 2007
23
Wild 2 Trail
M. Ishiguro, et al, The Astrophysical Journal, 589:L101–L104, 2003 June 1, DISCOVERY OF THE DUST TRAIL OF THE STARDUST COMET SAMPLE RETURN MISSION TARGET: 81P/WILD 2
PM Challenge 2007
24
Wild-2 Flyby Geometry
V = 6.12 km/s Approach Phase Angle 73 deg
• 230 km Flyby on Sunside
nucleus radius ~ 2.7 km coma radius ~100,000 km
Sun 1.86 AU
Earth 2.60 AU
SPE angle 17 deg
S/C Attitude +x // Vinf +y = ToEarth X Vinf +z = +x X +y +z is “rolled” 1.9 deg above the flyby plane for Earth point
XS
YS
Flyby plane coordinates (xs,ys,zs) defined by Vinf and Sun Vector
Wild-2 Encounter Geometry closest approach: 01/02/2004 19:22:59.1 UTC
Earth is 16.7 degrees from XS and 1.9 degrees above the flyby plane Vinf points 2.8 degrees below the eclipitic Wild-2 heliocentric speed is 26.4 km, s/c is 21.7 km/s
73 deg
Wild 2 V=26.4 km/sec
SD V=21.7 km/sec
PM Challenge 2007
25
Wild 2 17 November 2003
• Windowed frame • Wild 2 in a 15 sec exposure
PM Challenge 2007
26
Optical Navigation Image @ E - 14 Hours
PM Challenge 2007
27
Image 2022
Distance=6793 km
Time=E-1113 sec
Mirror=1.9 deg
PM Challenge 2007
28
Image 2034
Distance=4599 km
Time=E-753 sec
Mirror=2.7 deg
PM Challenge 2007
29
Image 2041
Distance=3321 km
Time=E-543 sec
Mirror=3.8 deg
PM Challenge 2007
30
Image 2044
Distance=2773 km
Time=E-453 sec
Mirror=4.3 deg
PM Challenge 2007
31
Image 2046
Distance=2409 km
Time=E-393 sec
Mirror=5.7 deg
PM Challenge 2007
32
Image 2048
Distance=2045 km
Time=E-333 sec
Mirror=6.6 deg
PM Challenge 2007
33
Image 2050
Distance=1742 km
Time=E-283 sec
Mirror=7.9 deg
PM Challenge 2007
34
Image 2052
Distance=1320 km
Time=E-213 sec
Mirror=10.2 deg
PM Challenge 2007
35
Image 2053
Distance=1260 km
Time=E-203 sec
Mirror=10.8 deg
PM Challenge 2007
36
Image 2054
Distance=1201 km
Time=E-193 sec
Mirror=11 deg
PM Challenge 2007
37
Image 2056
Distance=1082 km
Time=E-173 sec
Mirror=12.6 deg
PM Challenge 2007
38
Image 2058
Distance=963 km
Time=E-153 sec
Mirror=14.2 deg
PM Challenge 2007
39
Image 2059
Distance=903 km
Time=E-143 sec
Mirror=15 deg
PM Challenge 2007
40
Image 2060
Distance=845 km
Time=E-133 sec
Mirror=16 deg
PM Challenge 2007
41
Image 2061
Distance=787 km
Time=E-123 sec
Mirror=17.5 deg
PM Challenge 2007
42
Image 2062
Distance=729 km
Time=E-113 sec
Mirror=19 deg
PM Challenge 2007
43
Image 2063
Distance=671 km
Time=E-103 sec
Mirror=20 deg
PM Challenge 2007
44
Image 2064
Distance=915 km
Time=E-93 sec
Mirror=23 deg
PM Challenge 2007
45
Image 2065
Distance=559 km
Time=E-83 sec
Mirror=25 deg
PM Challenge 2007
46
Image 2066
Distance=504 km
Time=E-73 sec
Mirror=28 deg
PM Challenge 2007
47
Image 2067
Distance=452 km
Time=E-63 sec
Mirror=32 deg
PM Challenge 2007
48
Image 2069
Distance=352 km
Time=E-43 sec
Mirror=42 deg
PM Challenge 2007
49
Image 2071
Distance=274 km
Time=E-23 sec
Mirror=59 deg
PM Challenge 2007
50
Image 2073
Distance=236 km
Time=E-3 sec
Mirror=85 deg
Closest Approach Image
PM Challenge 2007
51
Image 2075
Distance=257 km
Time=E+17 sec
Mirror=113 deg
PM Challenge 2007
52
Image 2077
Distance=326 km
Time=E+37 sec
Mirror=133 deg
PM Challenge 2007
53
Image 2079
Distance=421 km
Time=E+57 sec
Mirror=145 deg
PM Challenge 2007
54
Image 2080
Distance=472 km
Time=E+67 sec
Mirror=150 deg
PM Challenge 2007
55
Image 2081
Distance=526 km
Time=E+77 sec
Mirror=153 deg
PM Challenge 2007
56
Image 2083
Distance=637 km
Time=E+97 sec
Mirror=158 deg
PM Challenge 2007
57
Image 2084
Distance=694 km
Time=E+107 sec
Mirror=160 deg
PM Challenge 2007
58
Image 2085
Distance=752 km
Time=E+117 sec
Mirror=161 deg
PM Challenge 2007
59
Image 2086
Distance=810 km
Time=E+127 sec
Mirror=163 deg
PM Challenge 2007
60
Image 2087
Distance=869 km
Time=E+137 sec
Mirror=164 deg
PM Challenge 2007
61
Image 2088
Distance=927 km
Time=E+147 sec
Mirror=165 deg
PM Challenge 2007
62
Image 2091
Distance=1105 km
Time=E+177 sec
Mirror=167.6 deg
PM Challenge 2007
63
Image 2092
Distance=1165 km
Time=E+187 sec
Mirror=168.4 deg
PM Challenge 2007
64
Image 2094
Distance=1285 km
Time=E+207 sec
Mirror=169.4 deg
PM Challenge 2007
65
Image 2096
Distance=1405 km
Time=E+227 sec
Mirror=170.3 deg
PM Challenge 2007
66
Image 2098
Distance=1525 km
Time=E+247 sec
Mirror=171.1 deg
PM Challenge 2007
67
Image 2100
Distance=1646 km
Time=E+267 sec
Mirror=171.8 deg
PM Challenge 2007
68
Image 2104
Distance=1888 km
Time=E+307 sec
Mirror=172.9 deg
PM Challenge 2007
69
Image 2108
Distance=2130 km
Time=E+347 sec
Mirror=173.7 deg
PM Challenge 2007
70
Image 2112
Distance=2373 km
Time=E+387 sec
Mirror=174.3 deg
PM Challenge 2007
71
Image 2115
Distance=3467 km
Time=E+567 sec
Mirror=176.1 deg
PM Challenge 2007
72
First Image Released• Many Flat Bottomed
Craters• Jets May be Coming
From Walls of ‘Sublimation Craters’
PM Challenge 2007
73
Flight Pointing Errors from Enc_Abs Attitude
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
-30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00
Time from Closest Approach (minutes)
Rot
atio
n ab
out e
ach
Axi
s(de
gree
s)
X Rotat.Y Rotat.Z Rotat.
Encounter Attitude Control
Roll Maneuver
PM Challenge 2007
74
Location of Center of Brightness in CCD Frame
0
64
128
192
256
320
384
448
512
576
640
704
768
832
896
960
1024
0 64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512 576 640 704 768 832 896 960 1024
Nucleus Tracking
PM Challenge 2007
75
Closest Approach Determination
185.0
235.0
285.0
335.0
385.0
435.0
485.0
535.0
585.0
635.0
685.0
757538632 757538652 757538672 757538692 757538712 757538732 757538752 757538772 757538792 757538812 757538832
SCLK
km d
ista
nce
Closest ApproachDistance=237 km (9 km closer)Time =757538732 SCLK (87 seconds early)
Closest Approach
236.4 km
PM Challenge 2007
76
Image 2076
Distance=2874 km
Time=E+27 sec
Mirror=124 deg
Wild 2 Jets
• “Dozens” of Jets• 107 Tons of Water /
Orbit (Lyman AphaMeasurements)
• Average Recession Rate About 0.25 m / Orbit
PM Challenge 2007
77
PM Challenge 2007
78
Jet Source Regions (Sekanina et al., 2004)
PM Challenge 2007
79
Wild 2 surface ≠ asteroid or satellite surfaces
PM Challenge 2007
80
Wild 2 Map
PM Challenge 2007
81
Pit-Spall Craters
• The pit/spall zone morphology is common for microcraterson lunar rocks (strength dominated)
• It is unknown on larger bodies (Escape vel. Wild2 ~1 m/s)
PM Challenge 2007
82
Wild 2’s Spires(Monument Valley in dirty ice)
spirespire shadow
PM Challenge 2007
83
White Spot
A dust jet above the surface?Transient condensates?
3 views from different angles Blow-up
PM Challenge 2007
84
Particle FluxesFluxes (1 sec)
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
-300 0 300 600 900T (sec)
Cts
PVDF-S1Acoustic 1Acoustic 2Acoustic 3
PM Challenge 2007
85
The Importance of Sample Return Missions
• Science is done on the ground
• Instrumentation is state-of-the-art and future SOA
• Ultimate in precision & sensitivity
• Not limited by mass, power, cost or reliability
• Results can be confirmed by independent methods
• Instruments can be calibrated before and after
• Analysis strategies can be iterative
• Samples are a resource for long into the future
PM Challenge 2007
86
Or this . . .
Try to Launch This . . .
PM Challenge 2007
87
Approach Events
* Red or dashed = contingency or single failure anomaly
SRC ENTRY: 15 JAN 2006 09:57 UTC (02:57 MST)
125 KM
UtahTest &TrainingRange
Earth Entry Decision Mechanisms:1. SRC Release Enable (ground command)2. SRC Release Fault Protection (spacecraft
flight software) 3. SRC Release Disable (ground command)
E-10d05 Jan E-6d
09 Jan
E-29h13 Jan
TCM-19[Fixed Attitude]
TCM18,18a
S/C ~inRelease Attitude
EnableUplink (1) FP Disable (2) or
Release Disable (3)
E-5.7h-4h
-3.7h
S/C in Release Attitude
Bus Divert orBackup Orbit (4 yrs)
PACIFIC OCEAN
T19 Release/Divert
Deep Space Network (70-m/34-m)Near-continuous from E-30dDual complex/antennas for critical eventsSix antenna redundant for Release
SRC ReleaseE-12h14 Jan
TCM-19a,b[19a - Fixed Attitude]
[19b - Full Sky]
T19a,b
PM Challenge 2007
88
SRC Entry (E=0h, 02:57 MST, 09:57 UTC)V = 12.8 km/s, FPA = -8.2°
ALT
ITU
DE
[ * =
sla
nt ra
nge
]
DOWNRANGE
TCM-19,x (E-36,12h)
SRC Separation (E-4h)[Maui: ~105,000km*, ~57° elev]
125 km Atmosphere
To MAAF
Entry, Descent and LandingSTRATCOM SSN
Earliest: ~E-8:00, [~205,000 km*]Nominal: ~E-4:00, [~105,000 km*]End: ~E-0:00, [~3,800 km*]
1
2
3
45
6
789
EDL Events Entry+min Alt (~km MSL)1. UTTR I/R & CINE Tracking +0.6 762. Peak Heating +0.9 613. Peak G-loads +1.0 534. 3-G Timer Start +1.9 365. Drogue Deploy/UTTR Skin Tracking +2.2 326. Enter UTTR Airspace +3.9 177. Main Chute/UHF Deploy +8.0 38. Arm Main Chute Cutter +8.3 39. Landing +14.6 1.2
Recovery Operations• Helos vectored via HILL AFB MCC: 2 Vertigo + UTTR On-Scene Commander• Ground vehicles available if weather does not permit flight• Recovery crew bags SRC and returns to clean room at MAAF for GN2 purge• Depart for JSC in 2 days, dedicated cargo plane• Challenges: Night time, ground fog/inversion, water/mud/snow, cold
PM Challenge 2007
89
Utah Test and Training RangeLanding Target
40° 19’ N, 113° 27’ W
Baseline Delivery Ellipse76 x 44 km, 99%
PM Challenge 2007
90
Cross Track Down to 20 km by 1/11/06
PM Challenge 2007
91
Navigation Criteria DiagramYELLOW DIVOT[debris casualty]
DUGWAY PROPERTY[property hazards]
WARNING TRACK[prediction confidence]
EFPA to 99%[-8.05 to -8.35 deg]
APPROVED LANDING ZONE to 95%
DUGWAY POPULATION[intact src casualty]
PM Challenge 2007
92
PM Challenge 2007
93
Helicopter for Recovery
IR Camera
Night Sun
UHF Antenna
PM Challenge 2007
94
SRC Recovery Operations EnvironmentFull Moon Rise: 5:47 pm (MST) Jan 14 SRC Entry: 2:57 amSRC Lands: 3:12 amSun Rise: 7:55 amMoon Set: 9:05 amSun Set: 5:31 pm
• Average Minimum Temperature: 18.3 Deg F• Average Maximum Temperature: 34.4 Deg F• Mean Wind: 3.92 MPH (3.4 Knots)
UTTR Feb 4, 1998UTTR Jan 13, 2005
Recovery Team Prepared, Equipped
and Trained For Worst Case Recovery
Environment
PM Challenge 2007
95
Incoming Over Nevada – from Aircraft
PM Challenge 2007
96
Incoming Over Nevada
PM Challenge 2007
97
SRC After Victory Roll
PM Challenge 2007
98
Off the Helo on Way to Clean Room
PM Challenge 2007
99
Starting Disassembly
PM Challenge 2007
100
Delivery to Johnson Space Center
PM Challenge 2007
101
First Inspection of Aerogel Grid
PM Challenge 2007
102
Particle Entry Track
PM Challenge 2007
103
Two Fluffy Particle Impacts?
PM Challenge 2007
104
PM Challenge 2007
105
Particles Along Track
PM Challenge 2007
106
Cutting Aerogel – Harmonic Saw
PM Challenge 2007
107
Valentine Particle
PM Challenge 2007
108
Particle Analysis
PM Challenge 2007
109
Olivine (Forsterite) Particle
This particle, a type of olivine called forsterite, was brought to Earth in the Stardust sample-return capsule. The grain, encased in melted aerogel, is about 2-millionths of a meter across.
PM Challenge 2007
110
Don Brownlee at Science Workshop
Comet Particle Composition – many built like loose dirt-clods • large strong rocks• very fine powdery materialsRemarkable Range of Minerals• Some of these particles contain minerals that form only at extremely
high temperatures – similar to "refractory" materials that formed in the hottest, innermost regions of the disk of gas and dust that formed the Sun and planets, or prior stars
• Olivine (iron - primarily magnesium) and high-temperature minerals rich in calcium, aluminum and titanium
Isotope ratios show:– Some formed around prior stars– Some formed inside the orbit of Mercury during formation of our
Solar System
PM Challenge 2007
111
Stardust Web Site
http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/
Stardust is a NASA Discovery Project, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Don Brownlee of the University of Washington is the Principal Investigator. JPL provided
the Navigation Camera and performed mission design, navigation and DSNcommunications and tracking. Images and art work used in this presentation can be
found on the JPL Stardust web site above.
PM Challenge 2007
112
What Did We Do?, Technically:PLAN
• Launch on 2/6/99
• Go to 2.7 AU on Solar Power
• Collect Interstellar Particles for > 150 days
• Encounter Wild 2 on 1/2/04– Collect > 1000 >15µ Particles– Survive up to 1 cm Rocks
• Return to Earth @ 12.8 km/sec
ACTUAL• Launch 2/7/99 (LV Delay)
– Recovered from LV Error (312 kg instead of 366 kg)
• Self Despin (1 kg Hydrazine)• Went to 2.7 AU with no Problems
– Invented S/A Switching Unit• Collected Interstellar Particles for
195 days• Dry Run Encounter at Asteroid
Annefrank 11/2/02 (at no cost ↑)• Encounter 1/2/04
– More than Enough; Many Broke up– 7 ‘Rocks’ ≥ 0.3 cm w/o Damage
• Returned @ 12.8 km/sec– Fastest Ever Man Made Object– New Heatshield Material → Orion
PM Challenge 2007
113
What Did We Do?, Programmatically:PLAN
• Mid Feb 1999 Launch
• $164.6 M Phases A-E– 12% Reserve Ph C/D
• Return & Recovery Critical Event Readiness Reviews Planned
ACTUAL• Ready for Launch at Opening of
Window 2/6/99– Met All Commitment Dates to
Environmental Facilities and Arrival @ KSC
• < $164.6 M Through 2004– Consumed 11.2% of Reserve Ph C/D
• NASA Added Return & Recovery Risk Reviews in 2005 for $10 M– CAIB Report:
• Stardust Shift from Mission Success → Fail Safe
• All Risks Known & Communicated to NASA Management
– Genesis MIB Recommendations
PM Challenge 2007
114
How Did We Do It On Time & In Cost?• KISS• Attitude• Requirements ≤ Capability• NO!!! Requirements Creep• Team Partnership• Virtual Co-Location• Good Enough• EVM +• Risk Management• Dedication of Team
PM Challenge 2007
115
KISS• ’94 Proposal Kept to Focused Science Mission• Primary Science:
– Interstellar Dust Collection – Hence the name: Stardust– Cometary Particle Collection – Sample Return
• Secondary & Tertiary Science– In-Situ Particle Analysis with Mass Spectrometer
• Contributed Instrument from Germany– Dust Flux Monitor– Nucleus Images using Navigation Camera
Mission had been Offered as ≈$800M Program but NOT Sold. Now we Offered it at 1/4th the Cost
PM Challenge 2007
116
Attitude• No Overrun!! → Termination (for Real!)
– Mark Saunders, NASA HQ Discovery Program Manager: • No Question or Doubt of Termination if EVM Projected >
Committed Cost • PI Had to Declare Team Couldn’t Do It
– NO!!! 15% NASA Overrun Allowance• Team Believed we Could and Would Do It In Cost
– Designed to Cost: Stayed Within Capability of Available Hardware
– Prepared to Make any Compromises Necessary to Do It –However, Never Needed to Compromise or Descope
– How We Would Do It was Up to Us– Manage Reserve to Stay in Committed Cost
You have to Believe You Can Do It.
PM Challenge 2007
117
Requirements ≤ Capability• Phase B SRR was “Capability & Requirements
Review”– Culmination of Design to Cost– Each CAM Presented Cost Commitment – Learned of LV Capability Error During Dry Run (366 kg →
312 kg)• Short Schedule (28 month Phase C/D) = Buy
Components & Make Program Fit– Committed $7M of Major Subcontracts Before PDR
Design to ≤ Cost
PM Challenge 2007
118
NO!!! Requirements Creep• Mantra: “Do Not Allow Requirements Creep Camel to
get his Nose Under the Tent”– PI, Don Brownlee, Gave Ken Atkins, Development Project
Manager, Toy Camel at Ken’s Retirement in Commemoration• Turned Down Improvement ‘Opportunities’
– Addition of Volatiles Capture Mechanism Pushed by Science Team
• Concept Study Done • Unknown Risks if Development Approved
– TPS Instrumentation• Pushed by ARC Up Through NASA HQ• Unknown Additional Risk in New Heatshield that was Already
Highest Risk in Program• One Improvement Incorporated: Variable Density
Aerogel @ No Additional Cost
When Cost is Committed, Requirements ARE FROZEN
PM Challenge 2007
119
Team PartnershipPartners: NASA, PI, Agent (JPL), Industrial Partner (LM)• 4 Party Agreement Signed by All: Committed Science
to be Accomplished, Schedule & Cost• PI Participated in All Major Reviews & Meetings –
Maintained Cognizance Throughout• JPL Managed Project & Provided Camera, Navigation,
DSMS & Mission Ops with LM– Participated in LM Activity but Small Team Limited
Oversight/Insight• LM Developed Spacecraft & Capsule, Conducted
Mission with JPL, Lead Recovery– All Activity Open to JPL & PI– Operated with Independence but Full JPL Knowledge– Risks Mitigated by Investment of Excess Reserve
Partnership Works
PM Challenge 2007
120
Virtual Co-Location• Replicating Servers Through Fire Walls• Telecons with Each End Pulling Briefing or other
Material Off Their Own Server• Periodic Face-to-Face Meetings
– Need to Know Partners
Lose Your Frequent Flyer Status!
PM Challenge 2007
121
Good EnoughDuring Development I was Often Asked How do you
do FBC, What do you Leave Out of ProgramAnswer: Nothing Left Out, But Less Depth
• Bounding Analyses, Particularly EDL– As Built Analyses Not Done if Still ‘In Box’
• Good Enough– Entry Flight Path Angle Didn’t Use all of UTTR– One Spacecraft Test Lab
Find the Good Enough for Project Environment
PM Challenge 2007
122
EVM +• Baselined Schedule & Resources in 3rd Month of Phase C/D
– Entire Program Through Launch– Microsoft Project for Schedule– Margin: ≥ 1 mo Delivery to ATLO; ATLO 2 mo in Denver; 1 mo
at KSC – All in Resource Baseline (Funded)– About 9000 Milestones in LM Schedule
• Earned Value Determined Each Month– CAMS at Subsystem Level– EVM Integrity = Definitive Milestones + Honesty in Assessing
Intermediate Status– Focused on Early Identification of Problems– Quickly Developed Workaround Plans
• Biggest Challenges:– Staffing Up– Late Deliveries to ATLO– Electronic Parts – Forced Five Openings of Spacecraft– Heatshield (TRL 4 to Flight in About 2 Years)
PM Challenge 2007
123
EVM + (continued) Staffing Slower than Planned
STARDUST ENGRG STAFFING PLAN, BUDGET & ACTUALS-9/7/97
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC1997
PDO Reqs-OpenProject Reqs-OpenPDO Reqs-FirmProject Reqs-FirmPDO - On BoardProject-On Board
CDR²² <<PDR
ENGRG BUDGET BASELINE REV-6/1/97
ACTUALS THRU 9/7/97
1996
CDR
PM Challenge 2007
124
EVM + (continued) LMA Total Program Variances
($7.0)
($6.0)
($5.0)
($4.0)
($3.0)
($2.0)
($1.0)
$0.0
$1.0Q
tr 4
96
Qtr
1 97
Qtr
2 97
Qtr
3 97
Qtr
4 97
Qtr
1 98
Qtr
2 98
Qtr
3 98
Qtr
4 98
Qtr
1 99
Mill
ions
of D
olla
rs
Schedule Variance Cost Variance
Bas
elin
e
ATL
OSt
art
Laun
ch
StaffingChallenge
PM Challenge 2007
125
EVM + (continued)• Independent Milestone Count – Good Agreement with EVM
At Apr 26, 1998 Planned = 8723 Actuals = 8382 96.1%
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
OC
T
NO
V
DEC JA
N
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
CU
M
(Act
/Bas
e)
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
OC
T
NO
V
DEC JA
N
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY JU
N
JUL
AUG
SEP
OC
T
NO
V
DEC JA
N
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY JU
N
JUL
AUG
SEP
FY 97 | FY 98
010002000300040005000600070008000900010000
CU
M E
VEN
TS
Baseline Plan Current Schedule CompletedCUM Baseline CUM Current Plan CUM Actuals
PM Challenge 2007
126
EVM + (continued)• ATLO Schedule Margin Tracked Daily
ASSEMBLY & TEST SCHEDULE MARGIN PLAN
RED
YELLOW
GREEN
05
1015202530354045
Jan-
98
Feb-
98
Mar
-98
Apr
-98
May
-98
Jun-
98
Jul-9
8
Aug-
98
Sep-
98
Oct
-98
Nov
-98
MONTHS
DAY
S O
F M
ARG
IN
Pre-Ship 10/6/98
Post-Bus Functional 3/18/98
Delayed Move to MTF
*
ASSEMBLY & TEST SCHEDULE MARGIN PLAN
RED
YELLOW
GREEN
05
1015202530354045
Jan-
98
Feb-
98
Mar
-98
Apr
-98
May
-98
Jun-
98
Jul-9
8
Aug-
98
Sep-
98
Oct
-98
Nov
-98
MONTHS
DAY
S O
F M
ARG
IN
Pre-Ship 10/6/98
Post-Bus Functional 3/18/98
Delayed Move to MTF
ASSEMBLY & TEST SCHEDULE MARGIN PLAN
RED
YELLOW
GREEN
05
1015202530354045
Jan-
98
Feb-
98
Mar
-98
Apr
-98
May
-98
Jun-
98
Jul-9
8
Aug-
98
Sep-
98
Oct
-98
Nov
-98
MONTHS
DAY
S O
F M
ARG
IN
Pre-Ship 10/6/98
Post-Bus Functional 3/18/98
Delayed Move to MTF
*
EVM – Must Do BUT at Value Added Level
PM Challenge 2007
127
Risk Management• Identified Risks Early• TPMs to Track Technical Status & Identify RisksSpacecraft (3 mo to Launch):Mass 11.5 kg Wet Mass Margin including thermal liens;
Margin allows launch with full tank and ²V Margin;Actual Weight 0.4 kg < CBE
Power 19.2% at Aphelion (24 watts)Powered On Testing (~10 watt additional margin)Thermal Mods Liens TBD
Propellant 5.3% margin to ²V Budget (377mps)
CPU Throughput 62% Processor Utilization at Encounter
DRAM Memory
128 Mbytes - 28 FSW; 75 N-Cam; 13 CIDA; 2 DFM; 10 Downlink
EEPROM Memory 40% Margin (3 Mbytes Prom) Contains
Entire FSW Load
Software Maturity 61% ATP Dry Run and 40% ATP Complete
Sequence Testing SPT #1, #2, #3 CompleteFault Protection Testing In-Work
G
G
G
G
G
G
Y
& ΔV
ΔV
PM Challenge 2007
128
SRC (3 months to Launch)
Risk Management (continued)
Mass 45.7 kg weighed Vs 44 to 46 Rqmt(+0.2 kg Parachute Lid Mod)
Power 100% Margin; Redundant Batteries
Stability 6 DOF Simulations Verify Stability at Spin Rate, X/D & b; > 3 s Entries within Design Limits (99.86% Successful out of 3000 Cases)
Mass Properties X/D =.348 Vs. .351 RequirementSpin Rate 12 rpm with failed spring Vs. 12 - 18 rpm Rqmt b = 59 Vs. 60 kg/m2 Rqmt
Landing Footprint 61 km x 23 km (3 Sigma) Vs. 84 x 30 km UTTR Rqmt (6 DOF Sims)
Parachute Performance Mortar Deploy Tests by PioneerUTTR Balloon Drop Test (impact speed < 15fps)
PICA Performance 30% Thickness Margin Based on PICA to Structure Bondline T = 250°C
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
PM Challenge 2007
129
Risk Management (continued)Project Fever Summary (7 months to Launch)
DEC JAN FEB MAR APR JUNPROJECT Y Y Y Y Y Y Cost G G G G G G Reserves Look OK Key Agreements R R Y G G G NEPA-EA G G G G G G FONSI signed and published
FLIGHT SYSTEM Cost vs Budget G G G G G G Staffing G G Y Y G G Staff Rolling Off Schedule (To Atlo) Y Y Y Y G G Schedule (To Launch) G G G G Y Y 21 Days Pre-Ship margin remains Performance G G G G G G C&DH (PACI) - Interface Robustness being worked as backup Margins G G G G G G Interfaces Y Y Y Y Y G Plan Working to Gain Robustness -- R/R Buy of FPGA's Sample Return Capsule G G G G G G ACS Starcam Procure Y Y G G G G Delivered ACS IMU Procurement R R Y Y Y G Flight Software G G G G G G Pre-ATLO Testing-SMTS G G G G G G
SCIENCE: Aerogel & Collector R R R Y Y Y Flight Production & Gradient Density Qual. CIDA Y Y G G G G Dust Flux Monitor G G G G G G
MISSION G G G G G G NavCam Y Y Y G Y G Delivered & Installed Navigation G G G G G G Mission Design & Plan G G G G G G Operations Development G G G G G G Facility Operational @ JPL Launch Vehicle G G G Y Y G Boeing swap made in fab flow. Progress OK
Technical Schedule ResourcesTechnical Schedule Resources
G G G G G Y G G G
Mar Apr MayMar Apr May Mar Apr MayMar Apr May Mar Apr MayMar Apr May
PM Challenge 2007
130
Risk Management (continued)• Reviewed Weekly & Monthly
– Description & Status– Estimated Resource Required to Mitigate
PM Challenge 2007
131
Risk Management (Continued)• Invested Reserve > 10% To Go in Risk Mitigation
– Electronics Board & Box Test Sets– ATLO Test Units (C&DH and PCA)– Soft Sim
Work Risk Hard from Beginning to EndInvest Excess Reserve Wisely
PM Challenge 2007
132
Dedication of Team• People Like Working Science Programs• Fast Programs are Very Appealing• Almost No Attrition
– A Few Retirements• People Move from Development to Mission
Operation back to Development• Team Very Committed to Stardust
– Proving that it was Working Properly– Done on Time or Acceptable Work Around
Esprit de Corps is Worth a Lot
PM Challenge 2007
133
Here’s to Your Project Being
More Successful thanStardust
Top Related