Value chain Analysis Irrigated Horticultural Crops and Fodder
Oromia Region Group Work
Group members 1. Ato Tadesse Kudhema
2. Ato Seyoum Etana
3. Dr. Amenu Oljira
4. Ato Awol Sultan
5. Ato Tesefaye Moreda
6. Dr. Bultuma Keno
7. Dr. Tilahun Geleto
13. Dr. Ephrem Tesema
Group members
8. Ato Edossa Etissa
9. Ato Abera Ketema
10. Ato Andarge Senbeta
11. Ato Nigatu Alemayehu
12. Dr. Abule Ebro
13. W/t Fanos Mekonen
14 Ato Bekele Nigirti
vegetables
Constituents/stages of the value chain
1.1. Input supply• Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials)• Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides)• Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical)• other technologies(Drip ,sprinkler)• Traction power(oxen ,tractor)• Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks ,spade etc.)• Natural resources(water, land)• Packaging materials• Labour(skilled and unskilled)
Const. con…
• Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)
Stages con…
1.2. Production
• Management– Irrigation facility mgt
– Nursery operations
– agronomic practice
– seed production
– irrigation water management
• Harvesting and post harvest activities
• Product quality
1.3.storage
1.4. Suitable containers and transportation
1.5. Processing/Packing
Stages…
1.6. Marketing
• Market information (marketing intelligence and middle men)
• Selling price(farm gate and market price)• Market infrastructure and centres(location
• Quality and standards
FunctionsStages of VC Actors Functions
Supply of inputs Private merchants,unions,research centres, universities, BOA,BWME,NGOS,farmers
Supply inputs for the producers
Production Private leasers,individual farmers,government interprises,commercial farms
Involved in production and supply of irrigated vegetables for end users and processors
Transporting and storing
Farmers,private land leasers, commercial farmers, truck owners and drivers, whole salers
Deliver and store until the product reaches end users
Processors Limited private firms and Govt enterprise like Merti
Value addition to the product
Marketing Producers, middlemen including brokers,merchants that include retailers and whole salers,SMI,Coops
Distribute the product, decide on prices
Consumption Urban and rural inhabitants Buy and utilize the products
Services provided and service providers
Stages of VC Service provided Service providers
Supply of inputs Credit service Coops,Micro finance instns
Production ,pump & irrigation facility maintenance ,renting pumps, planning, spraying chemicals ,extension service,and trainings taking into account gender & environmental concerns
BWME,BOA,individuals,NGOs,research and academic institutions,WUA
Transporting and storing Truck owners Transport the product
Processing **** ***
Consumption *** ***
Vision model of the value chain
We aspire to see increased income and hence improved livelihood of subsistence farmers (both male & females) from irrigated vegetable production through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use with out depleting the existing natural resource basis within the next six years.
Sub visions modelStages of VC Visions
Supply of inputs Inputs provided on time in the required quantity, quality, with affordable price for the producers
Production Increased production/productivity of quality vegetables through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management base
Transporting and storing
Reduced transportation costs and post harvest loses of vegetable products
Processing Increased number of processing companies that add value to vegetable products
Marketing Effective and efficient marketing system established that increase the benefit of producers
Consumption Healthy and quality nutrition from vegetable consumption
Constraints
Production• Knowledge Gap in disease and pest
Identification• Pesticide and fertilizer application lacks
Scientific background• Poor agronomic practice• Watering frequency and amount is not based
on crop water requirement .
Constraint…• Up -Down Stream Issue( Watershed manag’mt)• Water Pump and accessories cost and taxation• Maintenance of pumps and canals • Salinity, Siltation and Conservation • Residual impact of Pesticides and fertilization • Infrastructure in the west( Road, institutions, • Collective Ownership• Resource Use and Human Factors( willingness,
interest, motivation, behaviors, participation )
Constraint…
Input Supply and Services• Assessment of varieties suitability to ecology• Hybreeds are used for subsequent
production• No regulation on quality, expiry date, storage • Inputs provided by non-professionals and
supply inconsistency • New varieties/technologies are not released
frequently and multiplication is a problem
Constraint…
Processing and Market• Limited Value addition through processing• 25-35% losses due to post harvest handling• Shortage of containers and transportation• Bruising and damage during picking, packing
and transport• Price is not based on quality and grading• Few traders dominate the market• Limited market information and intelligence
Linkage• Linkage Between producers and technology
generators is not strong. Only Model farmers• Linkage B/n consumers/supermarkets and
producers/technology generators is weak.• Extension service providers linkage with
technology generators is not strong • Unions, traders have weak linkage with other
actors
Opportunities– Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export
promotion and import substitution )– Increased demand for vegetable consumption due to
population growth and incomes– Availability of resources(labor,land and water)– Favorable climate for growing vegetables
Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision
• Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology
• Food science and safety• Availability of credit institutions• Equipped farmers training centres• Effective support system from Gos and NGOs
Required Services
• Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources.
• Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors
• Responsibility and commitment• Expansion of infrastructure• Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate
and etc)
Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision
• Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources
Fruits
Constituents/stages of the value chain
1.1. Input supply• Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials)• Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides)• Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical)• other technologies(Drip ,sprinkler)• Traction power(oxen ,tractor)• Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks ,spade etc.)• Natural resources(water, land)• Packaging materials• Labour(skilled and unskilled)
Const. con…
• Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)
Stages con…
1.2. Production
• Management– Irrigation facility mgt and water sources
– Nursery operations
– agronomic practice
– seed production
– irrigation water management
• Harvesting and post harvest activities
1.3.storage
1.4. Suitable containers and transportation
1.5. Processing/Packing
Stages…
1.6. Marketing
• Market information (marketing intelligence and middle men)
• Selling price(farm gate and market price)• Market infrastructure and centers(location)
• Quality and standards
FunctionsStages of VC Actors Functions
Supply of inputs Private merchants,unions,research centres, universities, BOA,BWME,NGOS,farmers
Supply inputs for the producers
Production Private leasers,individual farmers,government interprises,commercial farms
Involved in production and supply of irrigated fruits for end users and processors
Transporting and storing
Farmers,private land leasers, commercial farmers, truck owners and drivers, whole salers
Deliver and store until the product reaches end users
Processors Limited private firms and Govt enterprise like Merti
Value addition to the product
Marketing Producers, middlemen including brokers,merchants that include retailers and whole salers,SMI,Coops
Distribute the product, decide on prices
Consumption Urban and rural inhabitants Buy and utilize the products
Services provided and service providers
Stages of VC Service provided Service providers
Supply of inputs Credit service Coops,Micro finance instns
Production ,pump & irrigation facility maintenance ,renting pumps, planning, spraying chemicals ,extension service,and trainings taking into account gender & environmental concerns
BWME,BOA,individuals,NGOs,research and academic institutions,WUA
Transporting and storing Truck owners Transport the product
Processing **** ***
Consumption *** ***
Vision model of the value chain
We aspire to see increased income and hence improved livelihood of subsistence farmers (both male & females) from irrigated fruit production through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use with out depleting the existing natural resource basis within the next six years.
Sub visions modelStages of VC Visions
Supply of inputs Inputs provided on time in the required quantity, quality, with affordable price for the producers
Production Increased production/productivity of quality fruits through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management basis
Transporting and storing
Reduced transportation costs and post harvest loses of fruits
Processing Increased number of processing companies that add value to fruits products
Marketing Effective and efficient marketing system established that increase the benefit of producers
Consumption Healthy and quality nutrition from fruit consumption
Constraints
Input supply• Shortage of Scions• Agro-chemicals are not available for fruits• Shortage of Sprayer • Seedlings distributed by MoA are from unknown
source • Eg. Avocado Type A and B, Papaya male and female Production• Disease ( eg Citrus)
• Farmers are not willing to plant Fruit( Long growth period )
• Low volume of production and productivity • Knowledge gap in fruit management and nursery• Chat and coffee are replacing/competing• Agro-ecological suitability assessment• Some of traditionally Known fruits are under threat• Urban and rural backyard fruit growing changed to
decoration Marketing and Processing• Poor packages and transportation• Poor Quality• Limited processing• Price is fixed by Traders
Opportunities– Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export
promotion and import substitution strategies)– Increased demand for fruit consumption due to
population growth and incomes– Availability of resources(labor,land and water)– Favorable climate for growing fruits
Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision
• Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology
• Food science and safety• Availability of credit institutions• Equipped farmers training centres• Effective support system from Gos and NGOs
Required Services
• Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources.
• Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors
• Responsibility and commitment• Expansion of infrastructure• Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate
and etc)
Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision
• Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources
Fodder
Stages
1.1. Input supply• Seed/ seedling materials (planting materials)• Agrochemicals(fertilizer, pesticides)• Water pump with accessories(motorized,mechanical)• other technologies(Drip ,sprinkler)• Traction power(oxen ,tractor)• Hand tools(Shovel, sickle, forks ,spade etc.)• Natural resources(water, land)• Labour(skilled and unskilled)
Fodder con…
• Energy sources (fuel and lubricants, electric, solar)
Fodder1.2. Production
• Management– Nursery operations
– agronomic practice
– seed production
– irrigation water management
• Harvesting and post harvest activities
• Product quality
1.3.storage
1.4. Suitable containers and transportation
1.5. Processing/Packing
1.6. Marketing
Market information
Selling price
Market infrastructure
Quality and standards
C. FodderFunctions of the chain actors at the different stages
2.1. Producers
Small holder farmers
Cooperatives
Private
2.2. Input suppliers (supply of inputs)
– Private
– Unions
– Research centers (Not continuous)
– Universities (Not frequently)
– NGOs (Not frequently)
– Farmer to farmer
C. Fodder
– Water, mineral and energy Bureau
– Bureau of Agriculture
2.3. Processors
– Private
2.4. Marketing
– Unions
– Smallholders
– Private
Fodder
III. the services provided and the services providers at each stage of the chain
3.1. Services provided (Gender balanced)
• Pump rent and maintenance
• Canal maintenance
• Spraying
• Extension service (field-day and advisory)
• Credit service
• Capacity building (education, short term training, tour, on job training )
•
Fodder3.2. Service providers
• Public
–BOA
–BWME
–Oromia ARI
– EIAR
–Universities
–Cooperative agency
–Others
• Cooperatives and Unions
• Water users associations
• Private sector
• NGO
C. Fodder
IV. vision/model of the value chain
Vision: We envisage an increased income and improved livelihood of small scale farmers through effective and efficient irrigation water utilization and proper technology use for fodder production on sustainable natural resource basis.
Actor Sub-VisionInput supplier Provision of inputs in the required quantity, quality,
affordability and timely for the producer
Provide quality and quantity inputs timely which will satisfy the target groups
Service providers Effective and efficient service delivery system on sustainable base in the value chain system
Provision of services by the private sector in accordance with the needs of fodder farmers
Marketing Effective and efficient marketing system and commercialization of fodder
Production Increased production/productivity of quality fodder through efficient utilization of water resources on integrated watershed management base
C. Fodder
• V. Identify constraints and opportunities and opportunities to realize the vision
5.1. Constraints
• 5.1.1. Input
– Shortage of improved forage seeds and planting materials
– Shortage of agrochemicals
Opportunities– Existence of market oriented agricultural policy(export
promotion and import substitution strategies)– Increased demand for livestock and livestock products
consumption due to population growth and incomes(internal and foreign market)
– Availability of resources(labor,land and water)– Favorable climate for growing feeds
Required knowledge and capacities to realize the vision
• Expertise in irrigation agriculture and technology
• Food science and safety• Availability of credit institutions• Equipped farmers training centres• Effective support system from Gos and NGOs
Required Services
• Effective and efficient support systems for resource poor farmers(men and women) making them access to water and land resources.
• Concern for environmental sustainability, partnership among rural actors
• Responsibility and commitment• Expansion of infrastructure• Natural resources endowment (Water, land, labor, climate
and etc)
Required enabling environmental conditions to realize the vision
• Environmental management through integrated water shed management approach so as secure continues irrigation water supply from the sources
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