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Basic mechanisms of
UV curing systems
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Content
The composition of UV ink
Polymerisation
Different UV curing systems
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The composition of UV ink
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UV ink
PIGMENTS
PHOTOINITIATORESActivation of the system;
Reactivity
MONOMERESViscosity; Reactivity
OLIGOMERESViscosity; Reactivity;Flexibility; Adhesion;
Resistances
ADDITIVESSlip; Stability;
Foam
The composition of UV ink
8/3/2019 UV Curing Presentation
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Binders
~15 %
Additives 3 –5 %
Solvents~70 %
Pigments 10 – 12 %
Solvent basedink
Photoinitiatores6-10 %
Additives 2-4 %
Monomeres &Oligomeres
~75 %
Pigments 12 – 16 %
UV ink
Additives 2-10 %
Resins & oils65-80 %
Pigments 18 – 22 %
Offset ink
The composition of UV ink
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UV-C UV-B UV-A
100-280nm 280-315nm 315-380nm
Surface curingComplete curing
Complete curing
X-Ray UV IRVIS
10pm-1nm 1-380nm 380-700nm 700-10000nm
-Ray
<10pm
The composition of UV ink
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How does the polymerisationhappen?
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P-P
P-P
P-P
P-P
P-P
P-P
Pigment
Oligomer
Monomer
Photoinitiator
Radical curing
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P.P.
P.P.
P.P.
P.P.
P.P.
P.P.
Radical curing
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P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
Radical curing
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P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
Radical curing
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P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
Radical curing
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P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
Radical curing
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P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
P P
Radical curing
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P P
P P
P PP P
P P
P P
P P P P
P P P P
A three-dimensional network is formed
Radical curing
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Pigment
P-H
Photoinitiator
P-H
P-H
P-H
P-H
Monomer
Oligomer
Cationic curing
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H+
H+
H+
H+
H+PP
P
P
P
Cationic curing
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H+
H+ H
+
H+
H+
PP
P
P
P
Cationic Curing
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H+
H+ H
+
H+
H+
PP
P
P
P
Cationic Curing
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H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
PP
P
P
P
Cationic Curing
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How does the polymerisation happen?
P
P
P
P
PP
A three-dimensional network is formed
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Radical curing
Cationiccuring
H+
Different UV curing systems
e-
RAD
Electron raycuring
Polymericink layer
8/3/2019 UV Curing Presentation
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On a substrate (0.09 m2) printed
with 4 g/m2 UV ink, there are about
41020
(400‘000‘000‘000‘000‘000‘000)
Monomeres/Oligomeres
How does the polymerisation happen?
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Different UV curing systems
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RADICAL CATIONIC
Reactivity high medium
After drying limited complete
Adhesion foils good good – very good
Flexibility high very high
Resistances high high
Shrinkage up to 10% < 3%
Adhesion paper good good – very good
Moisture sensitivity No Yes
Inhibition by O2 Yes No
Different UV curing systems
8/3/2019 UV Curing Presentation
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Summary statement:
Optimal properties of UV inks are achieved by targeting the composition of
monomeres, oligomeres, photoinitiators and additives
The curing of UV ink is initiated by a chemical reaction (polymerisation)
Different UV systems show different properties
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