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Abraham Lincoln• Was President of the
United States• Opposed the spreading of slavery
• Determined to preserve the Union, by force if necessary
• Believed the United States was one nation, not a collection of independent states
Abraham Lincoln• Issued the
Emancipation Proclamation (1862):– Presidential Order
that freed enslaved people in areas controlled by the Confederacy
– Made ending slavery the new goal for the North
• Wrote the Gettysburg Address (1863):– The Civil War was
fought to preserve the ideals upon which the US was founded
– A government of the people, by the people and for the people.
Jefferson Davis
• President of the South, Confederate States of America
• Was captured and held captive by Union forces at the end of the war at Fort Monroe (Hampton)
Ulysses S. Grant• General of the
Union Army that defeated General Robert E. Lee
• Accepted terms of surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
• Later became President of the United States
Robert E. Lee• Leader of the Army
of Northern Virginia• He was offered
command of the Union forces at the beginning of the war but chose not to fight against Virginia
• Opposed secession, but did not believe that the Union should be held together by force
Robert E. Lee• Urged Southerners to
accept defeat at the end of the war and reunited as Americans when some wanted to fight on
• Later founded Washington and Lee College (now University) in Lexington, VA.
Frederick Douglass• A former slave who
escaped to the North and became an abolitionist
• Worked with William Lloyd Garrison as a speaker and writer for the Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson• Was a skill
Confederate General from Virginia
• Gained his nickname “Stonewall” at the first Battle of Manassas/Bull Run
• Was fatally shot by friendly fire at Fredericksburg and later died of infection
Battle of Fort Sumter
April 12 and 13, 1861
Fort Sumter was a Union Fort in the bay of
Charleston, SC. The Confederate forces
attacked the fort, saying that since it was in
Confederate territory, it should be a confederate
fort.
• First Major Battle of the Civil War• Confederate Forces won• Civilians were killed when forces retreated
because they were watching as spectators
Manassas
July 1861
Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863
•This document made “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the war.
•Many freed slaves joined the Union Army.
Battle of VicksburgMay 18-July 4, 1863
• Divided the South• The Union gained control
of the Mississippi River• The South was now
divided into three parts: North, South and West, with limit communication, transportation and shipping happening between the three parts.
Manassas
July 1861Manassas July 1861
Vicksburg, 1863
Gettysburg, 1863
Battle of GettysburgJuly 1-3rd, 1863
• The bloodiest battle of the Civil War. (51,000 casualties)
• This was the turning point of the war, the North repelled Lee’s invasion.
• The Confederacy suffered such great loses at this battle that Lee’s arm would never have the strength to invade the North again.
• General Lee ran back into the South and was followed by Northern generals.
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Appomattox Courthouse
• Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse ending the deadliest war ever in American History
Appomattox CourthouseApril 9, 1865
The Union Blockade
With the blockade of Southern ports, such as Savannah, Charleston and New Orleans, the South was not able to ship out cotton to sale in England, nor were they able to receive finished materials from England or France.
Control of the Mississippi River
• Once the Union got control of the Mississippi River, the Confederates were unable to use the river to transport people, weapons, or trade items, either to the other parts of the Confederate States, or to England or other parts of the world.
Control of the Mississippi River
Battle Locations
• The battles were fought to try to capture the capitol of the other side.
Washington, DCCapitol of the Union
Richmond, VACapitol of the South
Control of the High Ground
On a battlefield, if you control the high ground, you have a better chance of winning the battle. Mostly because you can see who is attacking you and from where they are coming from, as well as having a better range and accuracy with shots.
http://www.jatruck.com/stonewall/gettysburg.html Click the link for more 360° pictures
Click here for a 360° view of Little Round Top
Major Idea
• Life on the battlefield and on the homefront was extremely harsh. Many died from disease and exposure.
General Effects of the War• Families and friends
were often pitted against one another.
• Southern troops became increasingly younger and more poorly equipped and clothed.
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/215/522215241_252403c390.jpg?v=0
General Effects of the War
• Much of the South was devastated at the end of the war (i.e., the burning of Richmond and Atlanta)
• Disease was a major killer.• Clara Barton, a Civil War
nurse, created the American Red Cross.
http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/clara-barton.jpg
Clara Barton
General Effects of the War• Combat was brutal and
often man to man.• Women were left to run
businesses in the North and farms and plantations in the South.
• What other kinds of jobs do you think women did during the Civil War?
• (Some women were nurses, soldiers, or even spies.) http://www.dtsk8.org/6_8/8/Civil%20War%20Webpage-RS/bellnurse.jpg
General Effects of the War
• The collapse of the Confederacy made Confederate money worthless.
http://www.flagguys.com/img/monb.jpg
Effects of the War on African Americans
• African Americans fought in both the Confederate and Union armies.
• The Confederacy often used slaves as naval crew members and soldiers.
http://www.vgsd.org/~kgallagher/BlackSoldier.bmp
Effects of the War on African Americans
• The Union moved to enlist African Americans sailors early in the war.
• African American soldiers were paid less than white soldiers.
http://www.medalofhonor.com/colored_infantry.jpg
General Effects of the War on African Americans
• African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in segregated units under the command of white soldiers.
• Robert Smalls, a sailor and later a Union naval captain, was highly honored for his feats of bravery and heroism. He became a Congressman after the Civil War.
http://www.old-picture.com/mathew-brady-studio/pictures/Robert-Smalls.jpg
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