Tom Sorg and Darren Lytle
USEPA
Cincinnati, OH
ETC Brown Bag Seminar
March 24, 2005
Cincinnati/DC
USEPA Arsenic Technology Demonstration Program
Arsenic Rule
• Arsenic MCL was reduced from
50 ug/L to 10 µg/L
• Established by EPA in January of 2001
• Compliance deadline - January 2006
Arsenic Chemistry
• Arsenic has two primary valence states:
As (III) As 3+ Arsenite
As (V) As 5+ Arsenate
• Arsenic Occurrence by valence state Surface waters - predominately As (V) Ground waters – usually found as As (III),
however, concentrations of As (V) or a combination of As (III) and As (V) can be found
Arsenic Chemistry
• Arsenic species- pH dependent
As (III) - H3AsO30, H2AsO3
-1, HAsO3-2
As (V) - H3AsO40, HAsO4
-1, AsO4-2
Arsenic Chemistry
What is the significance of arsenic speciation?
As (V) more effectively removed than As (III) by most treatment technologies
Arsenic Chemistry
• As III can be oxidized to As V by strong oxidants such as
chlorine,
ozone and
potassium permanganate
Arsenic Chemistry
Oxidation of As III
by aeration
is NOT
effective
Arsenic Demonstration ProgramBackground
• $20 million targeted to this effort
($12M EPA; $8M Congress)
• Full-scale, long-term (1 year) in scope
• Focused on commercially ready technologies or engineering approaches
Goals of Demonstrations• Determine the construction costs/operational costs.
• Determine performance of the new process.
• Determine the operational and maintenance requirements.
• Characterize the residuals produced by the process; quantity and chemical characteristics.
• Evaluate effectiveness of residuals disposal process and/or the impact of residuals on existing disposal process.
Two Year Program
• Round 1 Demo Sites
Funded - 12 projects
• Round 2 Demo Sites
Funded - 31 projects
FL
WV
WA
OR
ID MT
WY
ND
SD
NE
IA
MN
WI
IL
INOH
MOKS
CO UT
NV CA
AZ NM
OK
AR
KY VA
TX
GA AL
SC
NC TN
MI
MSLA
PA
CT
NJ
NY
VTNH
ME
MD
RI
DE
MA
Round 1 – 12 Sites / 9 States
FL
WV
WA
OR
ID
MT
WY
ND
SD
NE
IA
MN
WI
IL
INOH
MOKS
CO UT
NV
CA
AZ NM
OK
AR
KY VA
TX
GA AL
SC
NC TN
MI
MSLA
PA
CT
NJ
NY
VTNH
ME
MD
RI
DE
MA
Round 2 - 31 Sites / 19 States
*
*
**
*
**
*
***
**
* * *
*** *
*
*
*
*
**
*
*
*
**
*
Funding Ground Rules• EPA Funds
- Technology/System- Engineering/permitting- Installation- System operation for 1 year- Performance study costs
• Utility Funds- New facilities- Waste disposal system- Operators
Technologies Selected - Round 1
• New Technologies (11)9 Adsorption media system
7 Iron Media, 1, Iron Based, 1 AA
1 Anion exchange system1 Iron removal system
• System Modification (1)Iron removal process – Fe addition
Round 1 Arsenic Treatment Technology Demonstration Sites
Site Technology to be DemonstratedRimrock, AZ AdEdge Iron MediaValley Vista, AZ Kinetico Activated AluminaCity of Fruitland, Fruitland, ID Kinetico Ion ExchangeQueen Anne's Co, Stevensville, MD Severn Trent Iron MediaBrown City, Brown City, MI Severn Trent Iron MediaTown of Climax, Climax, MN Kinetico
Oxid/CoPrecip/FiltrationLidgerwood, ND Kinetico Modified TreatmentBow, NH ADI Iron Adsorption Rollinsford, NH AdEdge Iron MediaDesert Sands, Anthony, NM Severn Trent Iron MediaNambe Pueblo, NM AdEdge Iron MediaSouth Truckee Meadows, Reno, NV US Filter Iron Media
Round 2
• Includes non-transient non-community water systems (NTNCWS)
• Allows for demonstration of Point-of-Use/Point-of-Entry Approaches
• Multi-contaminant treatment
Changes from Round 1
Round 2 - Sites
31 Sites to be fundedStates - 19Sites per State - 1 to 3CWS – 28NTNCWS – 4Multi contaminant sites – 4(Uranium, radium, nitrate)Size – 7 gpm to 600 gpm
Round 2 Demonstration Sites
East
Felton, DLN. Springfield, RIGoffstown, NHDummerston, VTWales, ME*
(5)
Central MW
Sauk Centre, MNSabin, MN*Stewart, MNChateau Estates, OHGrove City, OHBuckeye Lake, OHGreenville, WISandusky, MIPentwater, MIDelavan, WI
(10)
MW
Breaux Bridge, LAArnaudville, LAStromsburg, NE**Lyman, NEWellman, TXAlvin, TXBruni, TX
(7)
Far West
Susanville, CALake Isabella, CAKlamath Falls, ORTaos, NMHomedale, IDOkanogand, WAThree Forks, MTTechachapi, CATohono O’odham, AZ (Sells)
Vale, OR
(10)
* System installed and operating.** System withdrawn from demo program.
Arsenic Demonstration ProgramDesert Sands MDWAC, Anthony, NM Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment System
Arsenic Demonstration ProgramBrown City, MI Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment System
MEDIA VESSEL
A
MEDIA VESSEL
B
INFLUENT(WELL #3)
IN-LINE SANDSEPARATION
Desert Sands MDWCAAnthony, NM
SORB-33TM TechnologyDesign Flow: 320 gpm
TCLP
POND
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WeeklyMonthly
SS
Footnote(a) On-site analyses
pH, TDS,turbidity,
As (soluble),Fe (soluble),Mn (soluble)
TA TB
DA: NaOCl
IN
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,
As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg
TT
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide,Cl2 (free and total)(a),
alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),
Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg
AC
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, Cl2 (free and total)(a),alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide,Cl2 (free and total)(a),
alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),
Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg
BW
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, Cl2 (free and total)(a),alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn
LEGEND
LEGEND
INFLUENT Unit Process
InfluentIN
Backwash Sampling LocationBW
Sludge Sampling LocationSS
Process Flow
Backwash Flow
DA: NaOCl Chlorination
Total Combined EffluentTT
After ChlorinationAC
Vessel B EffluentTB
Vessel A EffluentTA
Wat
er S
ampl
ing
Loc
atio
ns
MEDIA VESSEL
A
MEDIA VESSEL
B
INFLUENT(WELL #3)
IN-LINE SANDSEPARATION
Desert Sands MDWCAAnthony, NM
SORB-33TM TechnologyDesign Flow: 320 gpm
TCLP
POND
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
WeeklyMonthly
SS
Footnote(a) On-site analyses
pH, TDS,turbidity,
As (soluble),Fe (soluble),Mn (soluble)
TA TB
DA: NaOCl
IN
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,
As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg
TT
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide,Cl2 (free and total)(a),
alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),
Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg
AC
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, Cl2 (free and total)(a),alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide,Cl2 (free and total)(a),
alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, F, NO3, SO4, PO4,As speciation, Fe (total and soluble),
Mn (total and soluble), Ca, Mg
BW
pH(a), temperature(a), DO/ORP(a), sulfide, Cl2 (free and total)(a),alkalinity, turbidity, SiO2, PO4, As, Fe, Mn
LEGEND
LEGEND
INFLUENT Unit Process
InfluentIN
Backwash Sampling LocationBW
Sludge Sampling LocationSS
Process Flow
Backwash Flow
DA: NaOCl Chlorination
Total Combined EffluentTT
After ChlorinationAC
Vessel B EffluentTB
Vessel A EffluentTA
Wat
er S
ampl
ing
Loc
atio
ns
LEGEND
LEGEND
INFLUENT Unit Process
InfluentIN
Backwash Sampling LocationBW
Sludge Sampling LocationSS
Process Flow
Backwash Flow
DA: NaOCl Chlorination
Total Combined EffluentTT
After ChlorinationAC
Vessel B EffluentTB
Vessel A EffluentTA
Wat
er S
ampl
ing
Loc
atio
ns
Brown City and Desert Sands Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment Systems
Bed volumes treated x 1000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ars
enic
con
cent
ratio
n -
ug/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
BC Raw Water - (As III)BC Treated Water DS Raw Water - (As III)DS Treated
Brown CityAs III No Cl2
Desert Sands - As III w/ Cl2
DS lost Cl2 feed
Queen Ann’s County, MD Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment System
Queen Ann's County Adsorptive Media (E33) Treatment Systems
Bed volumes treated x 1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Ars
enic
con
cent
ratio
n -
ug/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
QAC Raw Water QAC Treated Water
Cl2 moved to before
treatment system
Climax, MN Iron Removal System
Climax, MN Iron Removal Process
Date - 2004/2005
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Ars
enic
con
cent
ratio
n -
ug/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Iron
con
cent
ratio
n -
mg/
L
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Raw Water ArsenicTreated Water Arsenic Raw Water Iron
2004 2005
MCL
0.8 mg/L Fe added
Questions!
Tom Sorg
513/ 569-7370
Arsenic web site
http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/arsenic/
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