Use of FRP in Hybrid and Composite
Construction
Submitted By
Danish Khan
0007CE11DD07
Integrated PG Program - IX Semester
Department of Civil Engineering
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
Presentation for Seminar
(DDI 905)
Outline
Introduction
Composition and Types of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP)
Uses of FRP
FRP reinforced composite structures
Properties of FRP and Comparison with steel
Advantages and Disadvantages of FRP rebars
Design and Field Applications of FRP reinforcements
FRP in Hybrid Bridge Construction
FRP Deck Bridges
Hybrid Composite Bridge
Introduction
FRP has emerged as the material of 21st century
FRP is a combination of polymeric resin with embedded
fibres
The resulting material has several advantages
Three important advantages are light weight, high
tensile strength and corrosion resistance.
FRP has been successfully used to design innovative
structures around the world
FRP Composition
In addition, fillers and additives are used to impart desired characteristics
Polymer
• Polyester
• Vinyl Ester
• Phenolics
Fibres
• Glass Fibres
• Aramid Fibres
• Carbon Fibres
Fibre Reinforced
Polymer (FRP)
• GFRP
• AFRP
• CFRP
Uses of FRP
Application areas
Repair and Retrofit using FRP sheets
FRP reinforced composite structures
Hybrid Bridge Structures
Repair and Retrofitting of Existing Structures
First application
of FRP in Civil
Engineering
FRP Sheets are
wrapped
externally using
epoxy or other
bonding material
As Internal Reinforcement of RC Structure
• They are used
alternative to steel
reinforcement
FRP materials exhibit
several properties,
such as high tensile
strength, that make
them suitable for use
as structural
reinforcement
Properties of Various Types of FRPs
Property GFRP AFRP CFRP
Density (g/cm³) 1.25-2.1 1.25-1.40 1.5-1.6
Young’s Modulus (GPa) 35 to 51 41 to 125 120 to 580
Ultimate Tensile Stress
(N/mm²)
483 to 1600 1720 to 2540 600 to 3690
Ultimate Tensile Strain (%)
(Rupture strain)
1.2 to 3.1 1.9 to 4.4 .5 to 1.7
Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion
1. Longitudinal (× 10-6 ºC)
2. Transverse (× 10-6 ºC)
6 to 10
21 to 23
-6 to -2
60 to 80
-4 to 0
41 to 58
Cost Least expensive Expensive Most Expensive
Source : ACI 440.1R-06 Table 3.1 – 3.3
Comparison with steel bars
FRP bars are anisotropic hence property is different in
different direction
Property Steel Glass Fibre Reinforced
Concrete (GFRP)
Density (g/cm³) 7.90 1.25-2.1
Young’s Modulus (GPa) 200 to 210 35 to 51
Ultimate Tensile Stress
(N/mm²)
483 to 690 483 to 1600
Ultimate Tensile Strain (%)
(Rupture strain)
6 to 12 1.2 to 3.1
Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion
1. Longitudinal (× 10-6 ºC)
2. Transverse (× 10-6 ºC)
11.7
11.76 to 10
21 to 23
Source : ACI 440.1R-06 Table 3.1 – 3.3
Stress Strain Relation in Tension
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Str
ess
, N
/m
m²
Strain, %
HYSD Steel Bars
GFRP Bars
AFRP Bars
CFRP Bars
Design of FRP reinforced concrete
Design is done similar to RCC with steel rebar
Working stress or limit states method can be adopted
The section can fail due to
Concrete Crushing
FRP Rupture
Balanced
Design for flexure
Advantages of FRP
High Strength and Lightweight
Corrosion Resistant
Low Thermal Conductivity
Nonconductive
Electromagnetically Transparent
Impact Resistant
Low Lifecycle costs
Resistance to corrosion
40% structural failure is due to corrosion of steel
reinforcement in concrete
FRP composites are neutral to chemicals that induce
corrosion.
Disadvantages of FRP
High Initial cost (compared to steel reinforcement)
Susceptibility to mechanical damage
Susceptibility to fire
Inability to bend in field
Longer overlap (lap) lengts
Poor shear strength
Lack of ductility
Bents and Stirrups
Various bents shapes are available
form suppliers.
Bents and stirrups are factory made,
field bending is not possible
Stirrups in slab and T-Beam in FRP reinforced concrete structures (Pultrall Inc.)
Cost Analysis
The cost is ₹500-600 per kg (transported from foreign) in
case of Glass FRP bar
Carbon FRP is usually more expensive.
The reason for high cost is
Better understanding of mechanical properties and bond
behavior is needed for design of FRP reinforced structures.
Field bends are not allowed, and not-weldable
Lack of familiarity by practicing engineers
Field Applications
Val-Alain Bridge Reinforcement of the bridge deck slab and
barrier walls, 2004
First bridge deck of Canada totally reinforced with GFRP
Field Applications
Continuous Reinforced Concrete Pavement with GFRP bars on
Highway 40 East-Montreal, 2006, a pioneer application of
GFRP bars
Field Applications
FRP parapet wall for Glendale Avenue Bridge, Niagara
Designed using ACI 318, ACI 440, and Canadian Highway
Hybrid Construction with FRP
This concept combines element of traditional materials (like
girders) with FRP composites
Most useful in bridge construction
Steel or concrete girders support FRP bridge deck
FRP deck provides great durability by providing easy
installation, light weight and potential resistance against
environmental and chemical damages
Uses FRP Pultruded Profiles
Hybrid FRP Bridge Applications
Footbridge over road no. 11 in Gądki, Poland
260m long bridge consists of FRP deck
Hybrid FRP Bridge Applications
Kings Stormwater Channel Bridge, California (201 m)
Side and close-up view of Kings Stormwater Channel Bridge visualization [26]
Hybrid FRP Bridge Applications
Friedberg Bridge over B3 Highway, Germany (21.5 m span)
An innovative GFRP
composite bridge
Total weight is 80
tonnes
Consists of Two steel
beams covered by an
innovative multicellular
GRP deck profile
Hybrid Composite Bridge
A new and innovative technique
invented by John R. Hillman
The hybrid composite beam is a
single beam.
A composite of three materials -
steel, concrete, and FRP
The concrete in the shape of arch
carries compressive load
The FRP shell carries the shear
and bending moment internal to
the beam.
Composition
HCB Assembly without any reinforcement
HCB with compression reinforcement
Ease in Transportation
Placing at site
Placing of concrete
Completed HCB Bridge
Load Distribution
Advantages of Hybrid Composite Beams
Faster erection, resulting in less out of service time for highways
and railways.
Virtually No false work is required
Lightweight, allowing reuse of existing substructures
Resilient materials can improve seismic performance and fatigue
resistance.
Corrosion resistant materials result in better life cycle costs.
The design and construction is simple, hence no additional training
is required.
FRP shell is fabricated in factory and transported
90% lighter than corresponding concrete structure
Hybrid Composite Bridge in action
HCB were installed on a railroad test track near Pueblo,
Colorado in 2010
Successfully
supported a
heavily-loaded
train
FRP Suppliers
Following is the list of products and suppliers of GFRP products
Aslan-100 FRP Bars– manufactured by Hughes Brothers
V-Rod FRP bars– manufactured by Pultrall
NEFMAC FRP grids – manufacture by Autocon Composites
SikaCarbodur , Sika – www.sikaconstruction.com/
S&P, Clever Reinforcement Company, Switzerland
Replark System, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Sumitomo
Corporation of America, NY.
Tonen Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Tyfo Fibrwrap System, Tyfo, San Diego, CA.
Conclusion
FRP is a futuristic construction material for RCC Structures
Most Important property is corrosion resistant as well as high
tensile strength
Awareness is required to increase widespread use of FRP
Cost of FRP is high, but if its production is at large scale it
will prove to be
There is much scope of innovation in techniques involving
FRP composites
References
1. ACI 440.1R - Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete
Reinforced with FRP Bars, first published in 2001 and latest revised is in 2015
2. fib Bulletin No. 40 - FRP reinforcement in RC structures, European State of
the Art report on use of FRP as reinforcement
3. CSA, 2002 - Design and Construction of Building Components with Fibre-
Reinforced Polymers, Canada
4. CSA, 2010 - Specification for Fibre-Reinforced Polymers, Canada
5. ISO 10406 - FRP reinforcement of concrete — Test of bars, grids and sheets
6. JSCE, 1997 - Japanese society of Civil Engineering Code
7. Other relevant studies and findings
Thank You
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