High Voltage
Power Transmission and Distributions
Günther Beck Wilfried Breuer
Dusan Povh Dietmar Retzmann
Use of FACTS for SystemPerformance Improvement
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 2
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Transmission SystemsBottlenecks in 1.
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 2
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Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”
System Enhancement necessary !
Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”
* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor
*
If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 4
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
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Today: Tomorrow:
Perspectives of T&D Network Developments
Use of Dispersed Generation
Load Flow will be “fuzzy”
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 5
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Elimination of Bottlenecks 2.by using Power Electronics
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 5
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Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Load Displacement by Series Compensation
Load Management by HVDC
Short-Circuit Current Limitation for Connection of new Power Plants
The FACTS & HVDC “Application Guide”
SVC & HVDC for Prevention of Voltage Collapse
Elimination of Bottlenecks in Transmission -Prevention of Overloads and Outages
* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor
*
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 7
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Power Transmission - The basic Equation
VV11 VV22
VV11 VV22
Parallel Compensation
XX
XX
Series Compensation
sin (sin (δ 1 - δ 2)
Power-Flow Control
PP
PP ==
G ~ G ~
Each of these Parameters can be used for Load-Flow Control and Power Oscillation Damping
,, δ 2,, δ 1
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 8
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
VL
V1V2
δ
1st Step: Influence of Series Compensation
PPVV11
XXG ~ G ~
,, δ1II
VV22,, δ2
where VV11 = VV22 , δ = δ1 - δ2
V V 22
XXPP == sinsin δ
VC
V1 V2
δwithout Compensation
with Compensation
-- XXCC
Series Compensation
BenefitsReduction of Transmission AngleIncrease of Transmission Capacity
XXCC
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 9
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Variation of the Degree of Series Compensation
0
0.5
P (pu)
δ (pu)90o
1.0
1.5
180o
k = 0k = 0k = 0.2k = 0.2
k = 0.33k = 0.33
V V 22
XXPP == sinsin δ
XXCC = = k k XX
Stability Limit
-- XXCC
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 10
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
The Result - Getting more Power out of the Grid
PP--IncreaseIncrease
δ (pu)45o 90o0
P (pu)
0.5
1.0
δ--ReductionReduction k = 0k = 0
kk--IncreaseIncrease
Stability Limit
The Options for System Stability Planning
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 11
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
2nd Step: Improvement of Voltage Profile with SVC
230 kV - 300 km
V1
Grid
with SVC
a) b) c) d)1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
V2
V2N
The maximal Voltage ControlRange depends on:
a) Heavy Load
b) Light Load
c) Outage of 1 Line(at full Load)
d) Load Rejectionat Bus 2
System Conditions:
SVC
V2
Load
(var. Slope)
QSVC/SCP *
without SVC
* SCP = Short-Circuit Power (System MVA)
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 12
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
FACTS - Examples
of ApplicationsPTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 12
Getting more Power out of the Grid
Power Transmission and Distribution
3.
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Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Benefits:o Improvement of Voltage Qualityo Increased Stability
400 kV, 50 Hz400 kV, 50 Hz
Voltage Control Reactive Power ControlPower Oscillation DampingUnbalance Control (Option)
19912 parallel SVCs
Deregulation caused Transmission Problems
Europe: UK goes ahead with FACTS - 27 SVCs
Pelham Substation
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 14
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
UK - Benefits of SVC
The Transmission System:
Benefits
Results of Dynamic System Tests:a) No SVC connectedb) Both SVCs in
Voltage Control Modec) Both SVCs in Power
Oscillation DampingModeHarker: 2 SVCs
Verified by Computer and Real-Time Simulation
Fully confirmed bySite Experience
Increase of Transmission Capacity
Prevention of Outages
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 15
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
SVC Funil 230 kV, 200 MVAr cap. /100 MVAr ind.Control Building Installation
2001
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 16
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage Essential for enhanced Grid Access of the HVDC
2004Verified by Computer and Real-Time Simulation …
… fully confirmed by Site Experience
HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation
SVC Siems - Germany: Support of HVDC Baltic Cable
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 17
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
500 kV TCSC Serra da Mesa, Furnas/Brazil –Essential for Transmission
Current Control Impedance ControlPower OscillationDamping (POD)Mitigation of SSR(Option)
Benefits:o Increase of Transmission Capacityo Improvement of System Stability
Up to 500 PODOperations per Dayfor saving the System Stability
A System Outage of 24 hrs would cost 840,000 US$ *
* 25 US$/MWh x 1400 MW x 24 hrs
1999
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 18
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Fengjie 500 kV Fixed Series Compensation, China 2x 610 MVAr - Line Compensation Level 35%
… Example Barberton –RSA*, 2003
How to “loop” the FSC into the Line …
Commercial Operation in June 2006
Enhancement of Chinas “Central Transmission Corridor”
quite easyPower Outage between 1 & 3 Daysonly
* RSA = Republic of South Africa
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 19
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
FACTS & HVDC worldwide – Example Siemens
SeriesFSC
NGH
TPSC
TCSC
2, 2 Tian Guang 2003Kayenta 1992
Serra de Mesa 1999Imperatriz 1999
Fortaleza 1986••
•
•Samambaia 2002
•
Virginia Smith 1988
•Welsh 1995
•Acaray 1981
•••Dürnrohr 1983
Etzenricht 1993Wien Südost 1993
•
Bom Jesus da Lapa 2002
•
Limpio 2003
•
Ibiuna 2002
•3 Vincent 2000
•Jacinto 2000
•Funil 2001
2 Pelham, 2 Harker, 2 Central, 1991-1994
•Clapham 1995,Refurbishment
•
Atacama 1999
•
P. Dutra 1997
•Cerro Gordo 1999
•Chinú 1998
•Impala
•2 Adelanto 1995
•
•3 Montagnais 1993
•
2 Kemps Creek 1989
•Brushy Hill 1988
•
•
Campina Grande 2000
2 Zem Zem 1983
•
••
•
•
Rejsby Hede 1997
•Sullivan 1995
•Paul Sweet 1998 •
Inez 1998
•
2 Marcy 2001-2003
Military Highway 2000
•Kanjin (Korea) 2002
•
Lugo 1985
Laredo 2000
•
Spring Valley 1986
••IllovoAthene•
Muldersvlei 1997
•
2 Tecali 20023 Juile 2002
•Barberton 2003•
Maputo 2003
• Milagres 1988
• 2 Yangcheng 2000
•2 Hechi 2003
•
•
Eddy County 1992
2 Dominion 2003
2 Chuddapah 20032 Gooty 2003
•
Lamar 2005
2 Midway 2004 Seguin 1998•
1994-1995
Porter 2006Dayton 2006
Nine Mile 2005
ParallelSVC
MSC/R
.
.Moyle MSC 2003Willington 1997
Hoya Morena,Jijona 2004
.Baish 2005,Samitah 2006 .
K.I. North 2004
Kapal 1994
Ghusais,Hamria,Mankhool, Satwa
1997
.
Siems 2004
Cano Limón 1997
• 2006
••
2, 2 Purnea2, 2 Gorakhpur
•
••• Châteauguay 1984
Ahafo 2006•
•
2 Lucknow 2006
•
3 Puti 2005
• Iringa, Shinyanga 2006
3, 2 El Dorado2006
STATCOMFlicker STATCOM
•
Radsted 2006
•
• 2 Sabah 2006
Nebo 2007,Refurbishment
9 Powerlink 2007,Refurbishment
Devers 2006
Benejama,Saladas 2006
La Pila 1999
•
•• •• ••
Plus 18 Projects for HVDC Long Distance Transmission …
8 alone between 2000 &2005 in 4 Continents
Jember 1994
Load FlowB2B/GPFC
UPFCCSC
•Nopala 2006
••
Sa o Luiz 2006Sinop 2006
2 Fengjie 2006•
… and over 110 Industry SVCs all over the World
Status: 12-2005 In total: over 150 SVCs
••
Strathmore 2007
2 x 1.7 GVAr !
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 20
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Thank You for your Attention!
… and the Lights will keep shining !
with with HVDCHVDC & &
FACTSFACTS fromfrom
SiemensSiemens
Conclusions4.
PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 21
Power Transmission and Distribution
High Voltage
Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission
Thank You for your Attention!
with with HVDCHVDC & &
FACTSFACTS fromfrom
SiemensSiemens
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