8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Stage Model and Orphaned Lines: How to applyhuman resources metrics to guess things
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar
[email protected]/Libresoft, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
GSyC/Libresoft SeminarFebruary, 3th 2009
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines: How to apply human resource
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
(cc) 2009 Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar.Some rights reserved. This document is distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 licence, available inhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Table of contents
1 Introduction to Stage Model
2 Stage Characteristics
3 Introduction to Orphaning
4
Matching Stage Model and Orphaning
5 Conclusions
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Index
1 Introduction to Stage Model
2 Stage Characteristics
3 Introduction to Orphaning
4
Matching Stage Model and Orphaning
5 Conclusions
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
I d i S M d l
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Stage Model: Phases
Initial Development
Evolution
Servicing
Phaseout
Closedown
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
I t d ti t St M d l
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Initial Development
Software team expertise: The team adds to its knowledge,the domain and the problem (critical for future evolution)
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage Model
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Evolution
Iterative changes, modifications and deletions carry on
Customers ask for new functionality
There are some early releases
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage Model
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Servicing
Software must have an appropriate architecture and a skilled
development team
”When these are lacking, the software enters the servicing orsaturation stage when it is considered aging, decayed orlegacy.
Modifications are expensive and difficult, so they are avoid
and the old software is not changed at all.Each change degrades the architecture.
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage Model
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Phaseout
The company does not carry on more services, and tries togenerate as much benefits as possible from the unchangedsoftware.
It becomes out of date
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage Model
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Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Closedown
The company shuts down the software.
Users are asked to use another replacement system.
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage Model
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gStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Index
1 Introduction to Stage Model
2 Stage Characteristics
3 Introduction to Orphaning
4 Matching Stage Model and Orphaning
5 Conclusions
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage Model
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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gStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Staff Expertise
It is critical during the first two phases (Initial developmentand Evolution).
In next phases the software is considered as a black box, bigchanges are not allowed and staff expertise is less important.
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage Model
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gStage Characteristics
Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Software Architecture
Initial architecture loses its original integrity.After first steps, it is required a redesign.
New code damages the architecture making it cryptic andhard to understand
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelS C
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Stage CharacteristicsIntroduction to Orphaning
Matching Stage Model and OrphaningConclusions
Software Decay
This is a mix of loss of staff experience and loss of architecture coherence.
As architecture degrades, there is a need for expertise torecognize and improve the architecture.
However, as a project ages, experienced people tend to leave,and they are replaced by people with less tacit knowledge
and less expertise.This is totally the opposite needed by a decayed project.
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelS Ch i i
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Stage CharacteristicsIntroduction to Orphaning
Matching Stage Model and OrphaningConclusions
Index
1 Introduction to Stage Model
2 Stage Characteristics
3 Introduction to Orphaning
4 Matching Stage Model and Orphaning
5 Conclusions
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelSt Ch t isti s
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Stage CharacteristicsIntroduction to Orphaning
Matching Stage Model and OrphaningConclusions
Approach to measure knowledge loss due to developerturnover
There is a natural regeneration of developers
We can measure knowledge in terms of lines of source code
How do the companies deal with it?
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Stage CharacteristicsIntroduction to Orphaning
Matching Stage Model and OrphaningConclusions
Orphaned Lines vs Size
1998-02-28 2000-02-28 2002-03-28 2004-03-28 2006-03-28
Time
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
N u m b e r o f L i n e s
Ev. Total Lines
Ev. Orph. Lines
GIMP Total Lines
GIMP Orph. Lines
S ze an Orp ane L nes Evo ut on
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Stage CharacteristicsIntroduction to Orphaning
Matching Stage Model and OrphaningConclusions
Index
1 Introduction to Stage Model
2 Stage Characteristics
3 Introduction to Orphaning
4 Matching Stage Model and Orphaning
5 Conclusions
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Stage CharacteristicsIntroduction to Orphaning
Matching Stage Model and OrphaningConclusions
Common Ideas
Regeneration of developersKnowledge loss
Aging of the source code
Code decay
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Stage CharacteristicsIntroduction to Orphaning
Matching Stage Model and OrphaningConclusions
Common Ideas
We could detect changes in the state of the software in anautomated way
Big amounts of orphaned lines may mean: ”take care, youshould deal with your knowledge loss” or ”your team expertiseis low in some modules”
We are able to notify about high levels of developers
regeneration. (going to Servicing phase?)Useful to make decisions
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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gIntroduction to Orphaning
Matching Stage Model and OrphaningConclusions
Index
1 Introduction to Stage Model
2 Stage Characteristics
3 Introduction to Orphaning
4 Matching Stage Model and Orphaning
5 Conclusions
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Stage model provides a theoretical framework.
We could give a practical approach and provide data tovalidate it.
Evolution and GIMP are two interesting examples to be takeninto account in this study.
Customers could also know about the stage of their software,from an empirical point of view and they can compare with
others.
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
Introduction to Stage ModelStage Characteristics
8/8/2019 URJC 2009: Matching the Staged Model and Orphaning
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Introduction to OrphaningMatching Stage Model and Orphaning
Conclusions
Questions?
Thanks for your attendance!Questions?
Daniel Izquierdo Cortazar Stage Model and Orphaned Lines
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