Urban Sustainable Development Cases
KARACHITANZANIA
27.2.2002 Adrià Bonell - GEO 302
KARACHIPakistan's major metropolis
– Commercial capital– 11 million
inhabitants– 8% of country's total
population– 4.8% of annual
growth rate
Legal Housing Development SystemToo ambitious goverment regulations
Large plot sizes and rights-of-way, high standards (materials and infraestructure)
Delays in extending trunk infrastructureLack of appropiate roads, piped water and sewerage
Impossibility to obtain mortgage financing
For low- and and middle-income households
HIGH PRICES
LOW PURCHASE CAPACITY
KATCHI ABADIS
The unplanned settlements created by the informal sector in order to overcome goverment's inability to supply cheap housing1/2 the city's people are living in them Double city's average growth rate (9%)
Katchi Abadis - Problems
Insecurity of property
Informal sector lacks technical capacity
Illegal dumping of wastes and inadequate sewage treatment
Not incentive to invest in infrastructure
Low quality facilities => Natural disasters risk
Dangerous health conditions => Epidemics
Recommended Changes (i)Goverment has to recognize the Katchi Abadis as a reality (not a temporary situation)
Incorporate existing informal-built facilities into the overall housing planning
Nurture goverment-communities trustPromote positive interactions to find out actual residents' needsRationalize overlaping responsabilities (city,state and federal agencies) to strenghten accountability
Recommended Changes (ii)Decrease regualtory housing requirements
Housing must meet public health and safety conditions, but not be so elaborate that it raises unecessarily the price of housing.
The public sector should limit its activity to areas in which has a comparative advantage
Improve property rights adjudication and registrationProvide the necessary trunk infrastructureAllow low-income residents to apply for credit collectively
TANZANIA
Cultivating Rural-Urban Linkages
The Region:SUB-SAHARA
The weakest overall growth of all the developing regionsIncreasingly marginalised in the global economyThe world's heaviest debt burden
TANZANIA
The 6 main cities generate 30% of GDP 75% of all Tanzanians live in rural areasAgriculture accounts for over 50% of GDP
It Is Necessary to Increase Rural Productivity
Demand for manufactured
products
Industrialisation
Incomes
Technology level
Rural productivity
Economic wealth
… and Market Access
City-Rural Linkages Can Help
Enable access of agricultural products to city markets
PRODUCTIVITY:
MARKET ACCESS:
Acquire new technical knowledgeBuild channels to bring this new technology to the rural economy
Acquire new technical knowledgeImprove education and research services
To be informed about new technology advances Promote a secure and open business environment (i.e. macroeconomic stability, liberalization, effective legal rules) ATTRACT
Foreign investors with access to better equipment, inputs and technology. Reverse migration with knowledge and
capital earned abroad
Bring the new technology to the rural economy
Create technology diffusion services Private businesses, government research institutes and media
FeaturesDirected to the most innovative groups Avoid too specialized, top down managementClient driven and customized to particular needs of each group
Enable access to city markets
Establish support networks that create trusting relationshps between city businesses and rural producers
Formal legal and insurance contractsTies of ethnicity, religion and kinship (e.g. Muslim and Asian communities)
Only 30% of agricultural output is currently marketed
Build new infrastructureStrengthen the road system
Thank you !
Questions ?
27.2.2002 Adrià Bonell - GEO 302
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