Urban Forest Management: Urban Forest Management: Selection – Planting – Protection Selection – Planting – Protection
Rick W. HarperRick W. HarperCornell Coop. Extension – Westchester Co.Cornell Coop. Extension – Westchester Co.
[email protected]@cornell.edu
Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective
• From 1860-1910 Forests East of the From 1860-1910 Forests East of the Mississippi Were Cleared = 13.3 sq. mi./day Mississippi Were Cleared = 13.3 sq. mi./day
• Forest Cover From 70% to 20%Forest Cover From 70% to 20%
www.fhwa.dot.govUS Forest Service
The Cities of Yonkers,The Cities of Yonkers,White PlainsWhite Plains• Early 1900’sEarly 1900’s• No Immediate TreesNo Immediate Trees
Photo credit: Mr. J. Nicoletti, Commissioner of Public WorksThe City of White Plains
Source: Historic White Plains
• 59% of NYS is Forested59% of NYS is Forested• 38.4% of Tree Cover in Urban 38.4% of Tree Cover in Urban
CentersCenters• 70% Pop. Located in Urban 70% Pop. Located in Urban
CommunitiesCommunities
Present Day PerspectivePresent Day Perspective
Map by Dan Bogan
SelectionSelection
Recommended Urban TreesRecommended Urban Treeswww.hort.cornell.edu/uhiwww.hort.cornell.edu/uhiDr. N. BassukDr. N. Bassuk
Landscape Tree FactsheetsLandscape Tree [email protected]@PSU.eduDr. H. GerholdDr. H. Gerhold
ProtectionProtection• Protecting Trees Protecting Trees
from Construction from Construction DamageDamage
• Critical Root Radius Critical Root Radius (CRR)(CRR)
• Protected Root Zone Protected Root Zone (PRZ)(PRZ)
• Species – Specific Species – Specific ResearchResearch
• Planning/ProactivePlanning/Proactive
Dr. Gary Johnson, UMNDr. Gary Johnson, UMNwww.forestry.umn.eduwww.forestry.umn.edu
Soil PenetrometerSoil Penetrometer• Resistance/CompactionResistance/Compaction• AffordableAffordable• PortablePortable
B & BB & B• 90% Street Tree 90% Street Tree
PlantingsPlantings• Field GrownField Grown• Dug & WrappedDug & Wrapped
PlantingPlanting
80% Landscape Tree 80% Landscape Tree Problems Originate Problems Originate Below Ground Below Ground Dr. G. WatsonDr. G. Watson
• Flare Visibility?Flare Visibility?• Uppermost Uppermost
Structural Roots Structural Roots Within 1-3” of Soil Within 1-3” of Soil Surface, 3-4” Surface, 3-4” From the StemFrom the Stem
• Excess Soil…Excess Soil… Photo credits: www.mortonarb.org
• 4 Yrs.4 Yrs. Acer Acer spp. 50- spp. 50-75% of Trunk Dia. 75% of Trunk Dia. Encircled with Girdling Encircled with Girdling Roots (20% control)Roots (20% control)
• ““Buried” Trees = Buried” Trees = significantly more significantly more susceptible to root susceptible to root pathogens, insects and pathogens, insects and feature a reduced life feature a reduced life expectancyexpectancy
http://www.mortonarb.org/deeptreehttp://www.mortonarb.org/deeptreeroots/land_established.htmlroots/land_established.html
Photo credits: C.Wellswww.mortonarb.org
Photo credit: www.mortonarb.org
Limiting FactorLimiting Factor of Urban Trees is of Urban Trees is Space to Develop Healthy Root SystemSpace to Develop Healthy Root System
• Avg. Street Tree Lives 5-15 Years Avg. Street Tree Lives 5-15 Years (Bassuk)(Bassuk)
• Less than 10 Years (Moll)Less than 10 Years (Moll)• Avg. Lifespan of Car is 13 + Years Avg. Lifespan of Car is 13 + Years
(DOT)(DOT)
49 Square Feet
16 Square Feet
25 Square Feet
Photo credits: Mr. J. Nicoletti, Commissioner of Public WorksThe City of White Plains
Important “Local” ModificationsImportant “Local” Modifications• Tree pit = 60 cu.ft. – 150 cu.ft.Tree pit = 60 cu.ft. – 150 cu.ft.
Photo Credit: Color Landscapes www.colorlandscapes.com
Silva Cells (Suspended Pavement)Silva Cells (Suspended Pavement)
Photo Credit: Green-fab.com
CU Structural SoilCU Structural Soil
MonitorMonitor Your Tree Populations Your Tree Populations
www.forestryimages.org www.dec.ny.gov/press/68420.html
For More Information…For More Information…
• www.hort.cornell.edu/uhiwww.hort.cornell.edu/uhiDr. N. BassukDr. N. Bassuk
• www.mortonarb.orgwww.mortonarb.orgDr. G. WatsonDr. G. Watson
• www.forestry.umn.eduwww.forestry.umn.eduDr. G. JohnsonDr. G. Johnson
• Hudson Valley SWATHudson Valley SWATS. Mallozzi ([email protected])S. Mallozzi ([email protected])
• Cornell Coop. ExtensionCornell Coop. ExtensionWestchester CountyWestchester [email protected]@cornell.edu
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