Unpacking the Census:An Overview of Poverty, Race, and Jurisdiction in
Metropolitan Richmond2011 Revised Edition
John V. MoeserSenior Fellow, Bonner Center for Civic Engagement
University of Richmond
With the Assistance of
Dillon Massey, Student CoordinatorUR Bonner Center for Civic Engagement
SPECIAL THANKS
Scott ClarkTransit Analyst, GRTC Transit System
Prepared the GIS map of bus routes and employment centers
Brian KoziolResearch Analyst, Housing Opportunities Made Equal
(HOME)Developed the GIS Maps of trustee sales in HOLC
neighborhoods and the chart on changing opportunities along Interstate 64 through Richmond
Kenny McLemoreHousing Policy Analyst, Dept. of Economic and
Community Development, City of RichmondPrepared the map of subsidized housing concentration in
Richmond
Dr. Robert NelsonDirector, Digital Scholarship Lab, University of Richmond
Developed the GIS 1937 HOLC map with overlay of 2009 census data
Michael RogersAlumni, University of Richmond
Obtained for his senior thesis two photographs of the construction of the Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike
from the Library of Virginia Archives
Michael SarahanRetrieved HOLC Data from the National Archives
Ken Studer & Rex Anson-DwamenaSocial Epidemiologists
Virginia Office of Minority Health and Health Equity
Anne WaringCommunications Manager, VA Department of Human
Resource ManagementSupplied the percent of state employees earning less
than $35,000
Table of Contents
Census Data
History
Employment, Housing, & Land
Policy Interventions
Richmond Planning District
Census Data2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates
2011 Poverty Thresholds U.S. Bureau of the Census
Poverty threshold for a four-person family unit is $23,021
Poverty thresholds for one person:
• Under age 65 is $11,702
• 65 or over is $10,788
Percent of Population Living in Poverty(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
Richmond Regional Planning District Poverty Rate = 11.2%
0.00%5.00%
10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%
1990 2000 2010 2011Chesterfield 4.30% 4.80% 5.90% 6.10%Hanover 4.30% 4.10% 4.30% 4.90%Henrico 5.50% 6.20% 9.60% 10.20%Richmond 19.80% 18.10% 25.30% 26.30%Goochland 7.70% 6.70% 7.10% 5.20%Powhatan 5.70% 5.40% 4.70% 4.40%Charles City 15.80% 9.50% 9.70% 8.90%New Kent 4.90% 5.10% 4.40% 5.70%
Richmond Poverty Rates: 1970-2011
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
1970 1980 1990 20002010
2011
18.0% 19.3% 19.8%
18.2%
25.3%26.3%
Children Under 18 Living in Poverty
(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
1990 2000 2010 2011Chesterfield 5.9% 6.1% 8.3% 8.1%Hanover 4.5% 4.1% 4.6% 5.2%Henrico 7.2% 8.4% 14.2% 15.0%Richmond 35.8% 33.4% 38.7% 40.5%Goochland 8.4% 7.8% 6.5% 6.8%Powhatan 5.7% 8.6% 4.1% 2.9%Charles City 21.7% 13.3% 8.0% 8.4%New Kent 5.6% 8.0% 5.0% 8.8%
Percent of Female Householders with Children Under 18 Living in Poverty(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Chesterfield 18.3%Hanover 15.0%Henrico 26.9%Richmond 50.4%Goochland 24.2%Powhatan 32.0%Charles City 35.3%New Kent 16.1%
Poverty Growth/Decline: 2000-2011
34% 36%
66%
23%
-25% -22%-17%
14%
(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
Locality Percent of Metro Poverty Population
(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
Chesterfield17%
Hanover4%
Henrico29%
Richmond48%
Goochland1%
Powhatan1%
Numbers of People in Poverty(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
City47%
Suburbs53%
Disparity Between Poorest and Wealthiest Census Tracts Based on Median Household Income
(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
Ratio of Census Tract with Highest Household Income to Lowest
Charles City: 1.13-----1 Chesterfield: 5.35-----1Goochland: 1.92-----1Hanover: 3.24-----1Henrico: 9.82-----1New Kent: 1.27-----1Powhatan: 1.34-----1Richmond: 18.81-----1
Single wealthiest tract = $226,667 (Henrico)Single poorest tract = $9,926 (Richmond)
Ratio: 22.84-----1
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
Cha
rles
City
Che
ster
fiel
dG
ooch
land
Han
over
Hen
rico
New
Ken
tPo
wha
tan
Ric
hmon
d
Highest
Lowest
Two Tracts, Two Worlds, Same City
Percent of All Poor by Race(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
White34%
Black47%
Asian4%
Hispanic11%
Other4%
Percent of All Races Living in Poverty: 1990-2011
(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
1990 2000 2010 2011White 4.7% 4.5% 6.8% 7.2%Black 20.7% 17.9% 18.3% 18.9%Asian 11.1% 9.8% 12.3% 13.3%Hispanic/Latino 8.0% 15.5% 24.4% 24.4%
Percent of Poor by Race Living in City and Suburbs
(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)
City Suburbs
White 0.326 0.674
Black 0.606 0.394
Asian 0.39 0.61
Hispanic/Latino 0.382 0.618
5.0%
15.0%
25.0%
35.0%
45.0%
55.0%
65.0%
Latino Poverty
Midlothian
Hull Street
Jeff Davis Highway Jeff Davis Highway
Short Pump Deep RunCrestview
(Broad Street & Glenside)
Staples Mill Area Bryan Park Jackson
Ward Gilpin Court Whitcomb Court
Creighton Court Sandston
Homeownership Rate 69% 72% 58% 82% 39% 30% 0% 26% 16% 80%
Poverty Rate 2.0% 2.6% 11.3% 14.2% 17.3% 20.2% 69.0% 64.8% 45.7% 1.1%
Percent Population with Public Assistance Income
0.9% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 23.5% 20.2% 11.6% 0.0%
Percent Population Traveling More than 45 Minutes to Work
5.9% 5.0% 14.0% 2.6% 6.4% 5.9% 32.1% 22.0% 17.7% 10.6%
Percent Visited a Doctor in Past 12 Months
34% 35% 36% 30% 39% 33% 17% 16% 17% 29%
Dropout Rate 1.2% 1.4% 2.2% 4.6% 3.5% 6.5% 6.5% 6.5% 6.5% 4.5%
Math Score 97 99 92 91 86 71 71 71 71 84
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