United Nations Antonina Kergueln Mara Anglica Vergara
Adaptacin: Camilo Ossa
Slide 2
We the peoples of the United Nations determined to save
succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our
lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind - United Nations
Charter Preamble
Slide 3
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted
in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind,
and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom
of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been
proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people -The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Preamble
Slide 4
History On 1 January 1942, representatives of 27 Allied nations
fighting against the Axis Powers met in Washington, D.C. to pledge
their support for the Atlantic Charter by signing the "Declaration
by United Nations". This document contained the first official use
of the term "United Nations", which was suggested by United States
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Slide 5
The 27 Nations ArgentinaEl SalvadorPhilippines
BelarusFrancePoland BrazilHaitiRussia ChileIranSaudi Arabia
ChinaLebanonSyria CubaLuxembourgTurkey DenmarkNew ZealandUkraine
Dominican RepublicNicaraguaUnited Kingdom EgyptParaguayUnited
States
Slide 6
Before the UN The League of Nations was an organization
conceived in similar circumstances at the end of World War I, but
failed and was finally dissolved due to its incapability of
preventing World War II. It was established under the Treaty of
Versailles to promote international cooperation and to achieve
peace and security.
Slide 7
Before the UN It originally consisted of 42 countries, 26 of
which were non-European. At its largest, 57 countries were members
of the League. It was created under the need of an international
organization which was going to be able to keep peace among its
members of the international community and to prevent the horrors
of the First World War.
Slide 8
United Nations: the Beginning In 1945, representatives of 50
countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on
International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter
(which is the equivalent to the UNs Constitution). The Charter was
signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50
countries.
Slide 9
United Nations: the Beginning The United Nations officially
came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been
ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom,
the United States and by a majority of other signatories. The
Peoples Republic of China, The French Republic, United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The Russian Federation (at that
time Soviet Union), and The United States of America are vetoes of
the United Nations.
Slide 10
Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10
December 1948, was the result of the experience of the Second World
War. With the end of that war, and the creation of the United
Nations, the international community vowed never again to allow
atrocities like those of that conflict happen again. World leaders
decided to complement the UN Charter with a road map to guarantee
the rights of every individual everywhere.
Slide 11
Purpose of the UN The purpose of the United Nations is to bring
all nations of the world together to work for peace and
development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and
the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for
countries to balance global interdependence and national interests
when addressing international problems.
Slide 12
United Nations
Slide 13
Languages, Headquarters and Offices Six official languages are
used at the United Nations - Arabic, Chinese, English, French,
Russian and Spanish. The UN European Headquarters is in the Palais
des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. It has offices in Vienna, Austria
and Economic Commissions in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, Amman in
Jordan, Bangkok in Thailand and Santiago in Chile. To work at the
United Nations, you must be fluent in at least 3 of these
languages.
Slide 14
Aims of the United Nations To keep peace throughout the world.
To develop friendly relations between nations. To work together to
help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and
illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to
encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms. To be a
center for helping nations achieve these aims.
Slide 15
Principles of the United Nations All Member States have
sovereign equality. All Member States must obey the Charter.
Countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful means.
Countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force. The
UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any country.
Countries should try to assist the United Nations.
Slide 16
The Security Council This is an organ of the UN that is in
charge of maintaining international security and peace. This organ
is the only one of the UN whose resolutions are legally binding. It
has 15 member states, 10 of them are chosen every 2 years, and five
of them are permanent member states.
Slide 17
Permanent Member States and Veto Powers The five permanent
member states of the Security Council are: The Peoples Republic of
China, The French Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland, The Russian Federation, United States of America.
These five, also have a veto power in the SC. Nowadays, The Federal
Republic of Nigeria is asking for a veto power and a permanent seat
in the SC, as there is no African Nation that has this
privilege.
Slide 18
Secretaries General throughout History Trygve Lie (Norway) Term
of Office: 1946-1953 Dag Hammarskjld (Sweden) Term of Office:
1953-1961 U Thant (Burma Myanmar nowadays) Term of Office:
1961-1971 Kurt Waldheim (Austria) Term of Office: 1972-1981 Javier
Perez de Cuellar (Peru) Term of Office: 1982-1991 Boutros
Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) Term of Office: 1992-1996 Kofi A. Annan
(Ghana) Term of Office: 1997-2006
Slide 19
Secretary General: Ban Ki Moon Many say our world is at a
tipping point. If we do not act together, if we do not act
responsibly, if we do not act now, we risk slipping into a cycle of
poverty, degradation, and despair. -Ban Ki Moon
Slide 20
Secretary General: Ban Ki Moon The Secretary-General was born
in the Republic ofKorea on 13 June 1944.At the time of his election
as Secretary-General, BanKi-Moon was his country's Minister of
Foreign Affairsand Trade. His 37 years of service with the
Ministryincluded postings in New Delhi, Washington D.C. andVienna,
and responsibility for a variety of portfolios,including Foreign
Policy Adviser to the President,Chief National Security Adviser to
the President,Deputy Minister for Policy Planning and
Director-General of American Affairs.His ties to the United Nations
date back to 1975,when he worked for the Foreign Ministry's
UnitedNations Division. That work expanded over the years,with
assignments that included service as Chairmanof the Preparatory
Commission for theComprehensive Nuclear Test Ban TreatyOrganization
and Chef de Cabinet during theRepublic of Korea's 2001-2002
presidency of the UNGeneral Assembly.