Preview Warm-up Word Study Detailed Study of Text I Practices
& Homework
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Warm-up 1. What is education? And what role does education play
in your personal growth? Home upbringing + formal schooling Home
upbringing + formal schooling 2. What criteria do you use to judge
whether a man is well-educated or otherwise?
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Word Study Reading aloud P115 Words and Phrases in use /Words
in fine Thoughts Word Differentiation
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Words and Phrases in Use Trait a particular quality in sb s
character; a certain aspect of one s character a certain aspect of
one s character *National trait *Marked Chinese traits *A trait of
: a little *Generosity is her best trait. *The trait of being
communicative without being talkative
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Words and Phrases in Use Inconsiderable : very small -->
considerable *He passed his life in an inconsiderable village. *His
contribution was not inconsiderable to the disaster-stricken area.
*I received no inconsiderable pleasure from the sight.
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Words and Phrases in Use Body: a large amount or collection of
sth A large of body of people The governing body of the company **
A little body often harbors a great soul. ( ) Give body to Body and
soul: heart and soul Keep body and soul together Over my dead
body!
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Words and Phrases in Use After all: in spite of everything He
survived the winter after all. After all he is only human. This is
but a tiny world, after all.
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Words and Phrases in Use Capacity: sb s ability to do sth *At
full capacity Be filled/packed to capacity Capacity for sth You are
from the north, and may a big capacity for liquor. ( ) Capacity to
do In one s capacity as in the capacity of As your father, I can
set you free, but in my capacity as King, I must punish you.
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Words and Phrases in Use Endeavor: an attempt, or effort The
central government is expected to launch an endeavor to curb the
excessive increase of the CPI. We must endeavor to guarantee food
safety and security. (food safety: to provide food safe enough to
be consumed) (food security: to have a stable and sufficient food
supply)
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Words and Phrases in Use Discipline: * Be under perfect
discipline *He needs a little discipline. An organization without
discipline Academic discipline Self-disciplined
Well-disciplined
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Words and Phrases in Use Slovenliness * That man s slovenliness
puts me off. ( ) * Slovenly management of the company * He is
always so down at heel; is he hard up or just slovenly?( ) *Better
a bachelor s life than a slovenly wife. ( )
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Words and Phrases in Use Vulgar vulgarity *Rise above vulgar
interests *Pander to the vulgar taste *An unscrupulous vulgar
social climber *Pretentious and vulgar self-display *A literary or
dramatic work often makes a subject appear ridiculous by treating
it in an incongruous way, as by presenting a lofty subject with
vulgarity. *The heavy gold necklace and the huge luxury watch as
worn by many upstarts in China today conveys nothing but their
vulgarity.
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Words and Phrases in Use Peradventure *Beyond/out
of/past/without (all) peradventure If peradventure If peradventure
If peradventure you fail, whom should I bank upon?
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Words and Phrases in Use Diction: Her diction is noted for her
freshness and vividness. ( ) Clarity of diction is vital for a
public speaker.
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Words and Phrases in Use Unconscious *Unconscious movements *He
remained unconscious for 5 hours after the accident. * He was quite
unconscious of his mistakes. *It was a telling blow that rendered
the opponent unconscious.
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Words and Phrases in Use Refine refined = cultivated *Refine on
wording *You must refine your manners. *Affectedly refined or
dainty *Appealing to refined taste He is quite cultivated. (He is a
man of culture) He is quite cultivated. (He is a man of
culture)
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Words and Phrases in Use Superficial Superficial knowledge
Superficial understanding
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Words and Phrases in Use InstinctivelyInstinctive *An
instinctive dislike of sb *Offering to help was as instinctive as
breathing. *Preservation of oneself from harm is an instinctive
tendency.
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Words and Phrases in Use Reflect-- reflection Literature and
art reflect/mirror their era. Literature and art reflect/mirror
their era. Reflect on sth :contemplate Reflect on sth :contemplate
Reflections on human nature
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Words and Phrases in Use Induce The medicine will induce sleep.
Nothing will induce me to go.
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Words and Phrases in Use Multiply 8 multiplied by 4 is 32. 8
multiplied by 4 is 32. The efficiency will be multiplied several
times. The efficiency will be multiplied several times. Zhou
ZHenglong was asked to multiply the evidences about the existence
of wild tigers in Zhenping. He just made the fur fly. Zhou
ZHenglong was asked to multiply the evidences about the existence
of wild tigers in Zhenping. He just made the fur fly. ( ) May your
offspring multiply on the land of promise.
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Words and Phrases in Use Visionary n, adj. A visionary : a
dreamer Visionary schemes for getting rich overnight Vision Vision
Personalities of broad vision Have a keen vision
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Words and Phrases in Use In vain *We protested in vain. *Liu
Xiang tried in vain to have his second attempt in the 110m hurdle
at Beijing games, and surprised the whole audience into long
silence. Vain A vain person /
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Words and Phrases in Use Zeal Zeal without prudence is frenzy.
With devotion and zeal Such zeal does not go far. Zealous adj.
Zealot n.
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Words and Phrases in Use Competence * He has delusions of
competence. ( ) I really must express my admiration for your
competence. I really must express my admiration for your
competence. A man of great competence. Competent adj.
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Word Differentiation Differentiate the following pairs in your
spare time Trait vs. character Persist vs. insist Discipline vs.
training Vulgar vs. low Superficial vs. shallow Induce vs. persuade
Visionary vs. whimsical Zealous vs. enthusiastic Competent vs.
capable
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A Detailed Study of Text I 1. Lead-up 2. A multi-perspective
reading of the text 2.1 Detailed study of the text 2.1 Detailed
study of the text 2.2 Linguistic features 2.2 Linguistic features
2.3 About formal writing: a demo 2.3 About formal writing: a demo
2.4. Deductive method 2.4. Deductive method
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Lead-up: Similar conceptions glimpsed through the text Five
traits 1. Correctness and precision in the use of the mother
tongue. ( ) 2. Refined and gentle manners 3. The power of habits
and reflection 4. The power of growth 5. Possession of
efficiency
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Difficult point in focus Paragraph1 An education will make its
mark and find its evidences in certain traits, characteristics and
capacities which have to be acquired by patient endeavor, by
following good examples, and by receiving wise discipline and sound
instructions.
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Difficult point in focus Paragraph 2 The quite shocking
slovenliness and vulgarity of much of the spoken English, as well
as not a little of the written English, which one hears and sees,
proves beyond peradventure that years of attendance upon schools
and colleges that are thought to be respectable have produced no
impression. Structure: The slovenliness and vulgarity proves that
years of attendance have produced no impression. Translation:
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Difficult point in focus Para 2 When one hears English well
spoken, with pure diction, correct pronunciation, and an almost
unconscious choice of the right word, he recognizes it at once.
When one hears English well spoken, with pure diction, correct
pronunciation, and an almost unconscious choice of the right word,
he recognizes it at once. Translation:
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Difficult point in focus:Para3 Manners make the man. Clothes
make the man. A bouquet of flowers make a good present for her
birthday. A swallow does not make summer.
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Detail Difficult point in focus:Para3 He pointed to a great
truth. revealed revealed
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Difficult point in focus:Para3 When manners are superficial,
artificial and forced, no matter what their form, they are bad
manners. When manners are superficial, artificial and forced, no
matter what their form, they are bad manners.When=if
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Difficult point in focus:Para3 And they do not do them simply
because they are bad manners. Simply: merely I simply couldn t make
sense of his words. Yours is simply the best.
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Difficult point in focus:Para4 Human beings for the most part
live wholly on the surface or far beyond the present moment and
that part of the future which is quickly to follow it. Most of
human beings just live on something superficial or are quite
abandoned to visionary dreaming about far future, which is far from
the present moment and from the very near future.
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Difficult point in focus:Para4 They do not read those works of
prose and poetry which have become classic because they reveal
power and habit of reflection and induce that power and habit in
others.
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Difficult point in focus:Para5 A fourth trait of the educated
man is power of growth. From birth to his dying day From womb to
tomb From cradle to tomb
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Difficult point in focus:Para5 settle down to life on a level
of more or less contented intellectual interest and activity.
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Difficult point in focus:Para6 One thousand ways: many I have
one thousand and one reasons not to marry you. There are one
thousand ways to fail, but only one way to succeed.
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Difficult point in focus:Para6 The power to do may be exercised
in any of a thousand ways, but when it clearly shows itself, that
is evidence that the period of study, of discipline, and of
companionship with parents and teachers has not been in vain.
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Difficult point in focus:Para7 Given the five characteristics,
one has the outline of an educated man. Given that: Be given to
sth
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Difficult point in focus:Para7 So long as the framework or
outline is there, the content may be pretty much what you will,
assuming, of course, that the fundamental elements of the great
tradition which is civilization, and its outstanding records and
achievements in human personality, in letters, in science, in the
fine arts, and in human institutions, are all present. You can fill
in the framework with whatever content you like if the framework is
ready, on the precondition that the fundamental elements of
civilization and its manifestations are all there.
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Difficult point in focus:Para7 :
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2.2 Linguistic features Formal /Academic writing: Word: big,
formal Sentence: lengthy Complex Complex Structure: Complicated,
(several layers, with parenthesis, clauses an ordinary
presence)
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Different degrees of formality: a demo Original sentence: When
I was in the university as a sophomore, I read the original play of
the classical movies almost every day, which helped me a lot. When
I was at university as a sophomore, I read the original play of
some classical movies almost every day, which helped me a lot. When
I was at university as a sophomore, I read the original play of
some classical movies almost every day, which helped me a lot. As a
sophomore at university, I read the original scripts of some
western classical movies almost every day, and it helped me a lot.
As a sophomore at university, I read the original scripts of some
western classical movies almost every day, and it helped me a
lot.
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A Demo I read the original scripts of some western classical
movies almost every day when I was a sophomore at university, which
was of much help to me. I read the original scripts of some western
classical movies almost every day when I was a sophomore at
university, which was of much help to me. : : My everyday reading
of the original scripts of some classical movies when I was a
sophomore at my alma mater ushered my oral English into a fast
lane. My everyday reading of the original scripts of some classical
movies when I was a sophomore at my alma mater ushered my oral
English into a fast lane.
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A Demo ( ) My reading of the original scripts of some classical
movies, among others, on a daily basis, as a sophomore back at
university, yielded much help for my acquisition of English as a
foreign language, especially in terms of oral competence and
performance. My reading of the original scripts of some classical
movies, among others, on a daily basis, as a sophomore back at
university, yielded much help for my acquisition of English as a
foreign language, especially in terms of oral competence and
performance.
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A demo I just read the scripts of lots of has-been movies, when
I did my second year at that damned diploma mill. My oral English
did improve for that stuff. I just read the scripts of lots of
has-been movies, when I did my second year at that damned diploma
mill. My oral English did improve for that stuff. , , Like hell I
read that stuff even I do university. Fancy improvin' my speakin'
by that! And every day! Like hell I read that stuff even I do
university. Fancy improvin' my speakin' by that! And every
day!
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What is good English ? The right word to the right person at
the right time and on the right occasion
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Deduction General >>>> particulars Commonly used in
practical/functional writings and almost all argumentative
writings. But in literary texts, it is a different story to say
since the creation of suspension, plot conception, narrative, etc.
are all factors to be taken into account. An analysis of the
deductive method used in the text An analysis of the deductive
method used in the text
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Homework Homework 1. Presentation: Five Traits of the Modern
Citizen 2. A Comparative reading of the text. 3. Try to find some
concepts or conceptions in China similar to those in the text.