Unit 5 1750-1900 Industrialization and Globalization
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Unit 5 Themes 1. Nationalism, Revolution and Reform 2. The
Industrial Revolution 3. Imperialism and Nation-State Building 4.
Global Migration
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The French Revolution Timeline
http://globerove.com/france/french- revolution-timeline-
infographic/21869#lightbox/0/
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Causes of the French Revolution
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Write a 1-2 sentence thesis statement analyzing the causes of
the French Revolution.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Summarize the additional economic causes of the French
Revolution. _________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
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Two Revolutionary Documents The Declaration of the Rights of
Man and Citizen Marquis de Lafayette France, 1789 The Declaration
of Independence Thomas Jefferson America, 1776 Identify ideas
within Jeffersons Declaration of Independence that are clear
evidence of the influence of John Locke and other Enlightenment
thinkers. Who do you think is the main audience? Why? Where is the
evidence of the influence of Jeffersons Declaration and the
American Revolution in de Lafayettes Declaration? Who do you think
is the main audience? Why
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French Revolution Key Events Think about the specific
significance of each of the Key Events in shaping the outcomes of
the French revolution.
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French Revolution Storyboard Directions: Event at top, colored
image in center, caption at bottom.
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The Enlightenment Political & Legal Equality (Rousseau)
Personal Freedoms (Voltaire) Social Contract (Hobbes) Popular
Sovereignty & Natural Rights (Locke) Global Influence of
Enlightenment Values American Revolution
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Inept Ruler? King Louis XVI
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French Society First Estate: Catholic clergy.5% pop. Did not
pay taxes Second Estate: nobility 1.5% pop. Exempt from many taxes
Third Estate: Rest of Population Bourgeoisie wealthy middle class
Sans-culottes working class Provided bulk of French tax
revenue
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Q. What can you infer from the pie graphs on why a revolution
occurred in France?
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Political inequalities for Middle Class First Estate Second
Estate Third Estate X X 1 Vote X= Representative
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Financial Crisis During 1780s, 50% of revenue went to pay off
debts American Revolution Lavish lifestyle of the monarchy Series
of bad harvests 1787 & 1788 Bread prices went up 50% in 1789
Need for tax reform Louis XVI hoped to raise taxes on the
aristocracy Aristocracy resisted reforms Forced Louis to call the
Estates-General for the first time since 1614
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Discussion Questions What were the similarities between the
long-term causes of the American and French Revolutions?
Differences?
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Calling of the Estates-General May 5, 1789
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The National Assembly and Tennis Court Oath Liberty, Equality,
Fraternity June 20, 1789
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Why Revolution? Revolutionaries demanded end to the Ancien
Regime Old Order Absolutism Noble & Church feudal privileges
Slogan of Revolution Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
(brotherhood)
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Phase I Moderate/liberal Goal- create constitutional
monarchy
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Marquis de Lafayette The Declaration of the Rights of Man and
Citizen - 1789 Liberty, Equality, Fraternity June 20, 1789
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Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen a.based on ideas
of the Enlightenment and the Declaration of Independence b. all
people are equal before the law c.freedom of speech, press and
religion d.protected against arbitrary arrest and punishment e.did
not* grant equal rights to women
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Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen a.based on ideas
of the Enlightenment and the Declaration of Independence
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Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen Passed by the
National Assembly on August 26, 1789 Not a Constitution but a
statement of general principals Defines individual and collective
rights Does not address women or slavery
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Storming of the Bastille - Members of the 3 rd Estate took it
over to gain gunpowder & free political prisoners -Importance =
Symbolized the start of the revolution -Bastille Day = National
holiday; July 14
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Storming of the Bastille
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Great Fear - France enters Great Fear general revolts against
Old Feudal Regime; clergy, nobility
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28 March on Versailles Oct. 5, 1789
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Womens March on Versailles Storming of Versailles October 1,
1789 -Results - Royal family forced to come to Paris - Louis forced
to sign new constitution - France now a constitutional
monarchy
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Critical Intro: Why do you think all of the events leading up
to the Reign of Terror were viewed as moderate considering some of
the violent actions during those events?
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Phase II (1792-1794) Radical Goal- a republic; eliminate
monarchists and counterrevolutionaries
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European Nations Attack France Arrest of Louis XVI August 10,
1792 Nations (Great Britain, Spain, Austria, Prussia) take
advantage of instability Attack France
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Two Political Parties Jacobins rejected anything that resembled
the old order and wanted more change a.led by Maximilien
Robespierre Girondists felt that the revolution had gone far enough
and wanted to protect the wealthy middle class Jacobins gain
control
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Critical Intro. Arrest of Louis XVI August 10, 1792 Why were
all events up to the Reign of Terror considered Moderate?
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Radicals Take Control Arrest of Louis XVI August 10, 1792
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Decline of the Monarchy Louis XVI tried to flee with his family
to Austria a.was caught and returned to Paris neighboring countries
began to worry about their own monarchies French migrs (nobles who
fled from France) tried to convince other countries to restore
Louis XVImigrs
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Execution of Louis XVI January 21, 1793
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Monarchy dead; Republic is born Jacobin (radical
revolutionaries) Reforms Universal adult male suffrage Universal
military duty Abolished slavery Fuels Haitian Revolution Increased
rights of women Could not participate in politics Attacked
Catholicism Spirit of nationalism
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39 Reign of Terror 1793 - 1794
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Reign of Terror The first maxim of our politics ought to be to
lead the people by means of reason and the enemies of the people by
terror. Led by Maximilien Robespierre Find & eliminate enemies
of the state Monarchists counterrevolutionaries As many as 40,000
killed by guillotine video
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British View of Reign of Terror
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End of the Terror July 28, 1794 Robespierre is killed French
Revolution part 4 French Revolution part 5 French Revolution part
3
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Phase III (1794-1815) Conservative/reactionary Goal- To end
terror and establish Directory
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44 Directory and Rise of Napoleon 1799 - 1815
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Rise of Napoleon Directory = Ineffective governing body
following Terror Failed to solve economic problems of France
Napoleon staged a coup d'tat in 1799 Becomes emperor in 1804
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Goals of Napoleon increase French nationalism control of Europe
improve education a.set up technical schools, universities and
secondary schools required all citizens to pay taxes Establish
Central Bank improve the legal system a.simplified the French law
code into the Napoleonic Code
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Napoleonic Code, 1804 Purpose = reform the French legal code to
reflect the principles of the French Rev. Create 1 law code for
France Influenced European legal codes
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Building His Empire after defeating Austria and Italy, he
convinced Russia to drop out of the war a.Also invaded Spain &
Portugal b. Britain was left as the only country opposing Napoleon
Continental System ordered all European nations to stop trade with
Britain Goal = isolate Britain & promote Napoleons mastery over
Europe
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The Continental System
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Domestic Policies of Napoleon Maintained some rights gained
during the revolution Freedom of religion Napoleonic Code (Civil
Code) Schools and universities Reversed other gains Rights of women
Freedom of expression Reformed economy Revised tax code Central
bank
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Napoleons Empire
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Downfall of Napoleon 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia with a
600,000 men the Russians executed a scorched-earth policy = no food
or shelter for French troops Napoleon had to withdraw because of
the harsh Russian winter the Russians attacked them the whole way
back 500,000 died French severely weakened = Spain, Russia,
Prussia, Britain, Austria and Italy attacked France March 14, 1814
Napoleon was forced to abdicate the throne and was exiled to
Elba
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Napoleons Failed Invasion of Russia
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Napoleons Empire Left: Napoleons Empire by 1812 Above:
Napoleons Retreat from Russia
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Napoleon on Elba This should NOT be a prison
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Final Defeat Napoleon escapes Elba Leads France for 100 days
Europeans invade France & defeat Napoleon for good at Waterloo.
Exiled to St. Helena
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Battle of Waterloo British and Prussians Defeat Napoleon for
good
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Napoleons Downfall Could not conquer British navy Guerilla
movements in Spain and Portugal Failed invasion of Russia Final
defeat at Waterloo
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Napoleon Banished to St. Helena
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Legacy of Napoleon Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under
French domination. Napoleonic Code great influence on modern
European legal codes Spread of nationalism in Europe German and
Italian unification Greek independence
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Legacy of the French Revolution Global Independence movements
Haitian Revolution Latin American independence Triggered by
Napoleons invasion of Spain Egypt broke away from Ottoman Empire
Slave Trade and Slavery England abolished slave trade in 1807;
slavery in 1833 BrazilLast to abolish slavery (1888) Abolition of
serfdom Except in Russia