SolutionsUnit 4
Two or more substances together
Mixture of two solids◦ Spoonful of salt mixed together with a spoonful of
baking soda.
Mixture of two liquids◦ Cup of olive oil and a cub of vinegar
Mixture of a solid and a liquid◦ Sand in an aquarium full of water
Mixture
Mixture of two solids
Salt Baking Soda
Salt and Baking Soda Mixture
Simplest kind of interaction
Pieces of the two substances are randomly interspersed and they come to rest against one another
Two kinds of particles coexist and are completely unaffected by being close with one another
Two substances are still identifiably distinct
Mixture of two solids
Mixture of two liquids
When mixed and shaken, the two liquids are distributed throughout one another in tiny droplets
When mixing stops, the two substances rejoin other droplets of their own kind and reassemble themselves into two individual substances
Two substances are still identifiably distinct
Mixture of two liquids
Mixture of a solid and a liquid
Water still a pure continuous mass, but now infused with sand chunks
When mixing stops, gravity pulls on sand to settle at the bottom
Every surface of the sand is in contact with the water
Substances still coexist independent of one another
Mixture of a solid and a liquid
To incorporate one substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level
Example◦ Sugar and water
Dissolve
Dissolve
Dissolve
A mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another
What dissolves is known as the solute
What the solute dissolves into is the solvent
Solution
Between the sugar and the water, which is the solute and which is the solvent?
Solute?Sugar
Solvent?Water
Question
The Air◦ Solvent Nitrogen gas◦ Solute Oxygen gas
Brass◦ Solvent Copper◦ Solute Zinc
Examples
Copper (Solvent) + Zinc (Solute) = Brass
Brass
The amount of solute dissolved in a measure of solvent
Imagine two beakers with 100 mL of water in each. One has 5g of sugar, the other 10g of sugar
Concentration
Example
5g Sugar 10 g Sugar
How are the two solutions the same?
Answer◦ Both contain water and sugar◦ Both are clear◦ Same amount of Water
Questions
How are the two solutions different?
Answer◦ Amount of solute (sugar)
Questions
1st – Mass Ratio◦ Ten grams of sugar in 90 g of water produces a
10% sugar solution Total mass = 10g + 90g = 100g 10g sugar divided by 100g = 10%
2nd – Parts per thousand or Parts per million◦ Every liter (1000mL) of seawater contains 19 g of
chlorine particles.◦ So there are 19 parts per thousand of chlorine in
seawater
Ways to express concentration
Saturated – a solution with the maximum amount of dissolved solute
A fixed amount of water will dissolve a certain amount of sugar.
If more sugar is added, it will not dissolve, but fall to the bottom of the container.
Saturation
Top Related