Unit 3: Earth the Planet of Life – the 4 “Spheres”
“Dry-Lab” L-1023Earth over Time
ACT – Data Representation Build & Study Model
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
An artist’s conception of the Earth at
_________4.5 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
An artist’s conception of the Earth at
_________4.0 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
An artist’s conception of the Earth at
_________3.5 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
An artist’s conception of the Earth at
_________3.0 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
An artist’s conception of the Earth at
_________2.5 BYA_________
An artist’s conception of the Earth at
_________2.0 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
A photograph of Moeraki
Boulder – New Zealand 1st
Photosynthetic plants (protists)
on Earth at _________1.5 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
A photograph of Deep sea vent –
Marianna Trench Pacific
Ocean Multi-cellular
Marine Invertebrates
“rule” on Earth at
_________1.0 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
A photograph of Deep sea vent –
Marianna Trench Pacific
Ocean Multi-cellular
Marine Invertebrates
“rule” on Earth at
_________1.0 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
An artist rendering
Multi-cellular Marine & Land Invertebrates
“rule” on Earth at
_________0.4 – 0.5 BYA
_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
An artist renderingComplex
vertebrates & dinosaurs rule the Earth at
_________0.15 – 0.17 BYA
_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
An artist renderingComplex
vertebrates & dinosaurs rule the Earth at
_________0.001 BYA_________
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
Let’s also do some basic math and
algebra review.
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
First…
What is this fraction expressed as a decimal to two places?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
½ = _____
First…
Expressed as a decimal to two places;one-half is equivalent to…
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
½ = 0.50
Next…
What is this decimal value expressed as;a PERCENT to two places ?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
½ = 0.50
Next…
Expressed as a PERCENT to two places – one-half is equivalent to…
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
½ = 0.50 = 50.00 %
In your teams…
In the next 4 minutes…express the following as a; PERCENT to THREE decimal places…
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
¼ = ____ %
⅟₁₀ = ____%
⅛ = ____ %http://www.online-stopwatch.com/full-screen-stopwatch/
In your teams…
In the next 4 minutes…express the following as a; PERCENT to THREE decimal places…
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
¼ =
⅟₁₀ =______%
⅛ = ______ %
25.000 %
In your teams…
In the next 4 minutes…express the following as a; PERCENT to THREE decimal places…
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
¼ =
⅟₁₀ =
⅛ = ______ %
25.000 %
10.000 %
In your teams…
In the next 4 minutes…express the following as a; PERCENT to THREE decimal places…
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
¼ =
⅟₁₀ =
⅛ =
25.000 %
10.000 %
12.500 %
In another area we need to review the “constructs”
of “rectilinear
graphs”
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
For a rectilinear graph or a coordinate graph we
need a pair of axis.
Can you name the horizontal
axis?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
The horizontal
axis is called the “X” axis.
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
For a rectilinear graph - can you name
the vertical axis?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
The vertical axis – is
called the “Y” axis.
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
When someone wishes to
plot a “data point” on a rectilinear graph –or- coordinate
graph…
… it is done with
“coordinates”
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
The “coordinates
” tell us where to put
the data point. This
type of graph
usually has at least TWO variables for
each data point.
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
Either the values for “X”
are “dependent”
variables making “Y”
values “Independent” variables…, or it can be
just the opposite – the
scientist decides.
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
Therefore; if “Y” is
changing (dependent
variable) because of
what you are specifically doing as a scientist in the study
(independent variable);
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
Another way to say this is:
“Y” (dependent variable) is the “effect” while X”
(independent variable) is
the “cause”
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
we link them together by using what is called an “ordered pair.”
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
(___, ___)
For an “ordered pair” – we call the value for “X” the ….?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
(___, ___)
For an “ordered pair” – we call the value for “X” the ….
… abscissa
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
(___, ___)
For an “ordered pair” – we call the value for “Y” the ….?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
(___, ___)
For an “ordered pair” – we call the value for “Y” the ….
… ordinate.
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
(___, ___)
What is the abscissa and ordinate for the ordered pair on the graph?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
(_X, _Y_)
What is the abscissa and ordinate for the ordered pair on the graph?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
( 3 , 4 )
As practice for the upcoming L1023 Dry Lab; let’s try one of the ordered pair data points.
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
( 3 , 4 )
Given this part of the table:
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35%
Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
Given this part of the table:
… plot the first two ordered pairs of N2(g) (nitrogen gas)
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35%
Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
Given this part of the table:
… plot the first two ordered pairs of N2(g) (nitrogen gas)
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35%
Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
What makes a “cumulative” graph different – is the data points “cumulate” (add together)
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35% Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
If you are asked to also plot the carbon dioxide gas (CO2) ordered pairs for the same times we’d get…
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35% Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) ordered pairs PLUS Nitrogen gas’ values or ordered pairs…
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35% Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
For 4.5 BYA: Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is 80%. THAT is added to N2 ‘s 10% to get 90% for the two gases cumulatively!
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35% Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
For 4.0 BYA: Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is 20%. THAT is added to N2 ‘s 35% to get 55% for the two gases cumulatively!
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35% Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
The nice thing about a “cumulative” graph [is] it can answer a question like:
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35% Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
“Did the two gases CO2 and N2 together decrease in the Earth’s atmosphere 4.0 BYA, and if so… was it either one in particular?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35% Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
“Did the two gases CO2 and N2 together decrease in the Earth’s atmosphere 4.0 BYA, and if so… was it either one in particular?
U3: The 4 “Spheres”L1023 – ACT (Data
Representation Dry Lab)
X
Y
BYA
4.5 4.0CO2 80% 20%
N2 10% 35% Time (billions of years ago) - BYA
Gas
Co
mp
osi
tio
n P
erce
nta
ge
(%)
50%
30%
10%
70%
4.5 3.5
Yes, the two combined gases DID decrease. As they went from 90% -to- 55%
Yes, it was the CO2(g) decreased from 80% to 20%
End of this segment
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