UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY 10TH EDITIONBy Robert FeldmanPowerpoint slides by Kimberly ForemanRevised for 10th Ed by Cathleen Hunt
1
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
MODULE 1: Psychologists at Work
What is the science of psychology?
What are the major specialties in the field of psychology?
Where do psychologists work?
3
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
MODULE 1: Psychologists at Work
Definition of Psychology› Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
4
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
MODULE 1: Psychologists at Work
Subfields of Psychology:› Psychology’s Family Tree
Separated by the basic questions about behavior that they address
5
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
What Are the Biological Foundations of Behavior?
Behavioral Neuroscience› Examines how the brain and the nervous system
– as well as other biological processes – determine behavior
7
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
How Do People Sense, Perceive, Learn, and Think About the World?
Experimental Psychology› Studies the processes of sensing, perceiving,
learning, and thinking about the world› Subspecialty
Cognitive psychology
8
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
What Are the Sources of Change and Stability in Behavior Across the Life Span?
Developmental Psychology› Studies how people grow and change from the
moment of conception through death
Personality Psychology › Focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior
over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another 9
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
How Do Psychological Factors Affect Physical and Mental Health?
Health Psychology› Explores the relationship between psychological
factors and physical ailments or disease
Clinical Psychology› Deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of
psychological disorders10
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
How Do Psychological Factors Affect Physical and Mental Health?
Counseling Psychology› Focuses primarily on educational, social, and
career-adjustment problems
11
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
How Do Our Social Networks Affect Behavior?
Social Psychology› Study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and
actions are affected by others
Cross-Cultural Psychology› Investigates the similarities and differences in
psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups
12
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Expanding Psychology’s Frontiers
Evolutionary Psychology› Considers how behavior is influenced by our
genetic inheritance from our ancestors
Behavioral Genetics› Seeks to understand how we might inherit certain
behavioral traits and how the environment influences whether we actually display such traits
13
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Expanding Psychology’s Frontiers
Clinical Neuropsychology› Unites the areas of neuroscience and clinical
psychology› Focuses on the origin of psychological disorders
in biological factors
14
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Psychologists: A Portrait
Today, ~75% of new psychology doctorates are earned by women.
Vast majority of psychologists in the United States are white› 6 percent are members of racial minority groups› Limiting diversity of the field
16
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Education of a Psychologist
Ph.D.› Doctor of philosophy
Psy.D.› Doctor of psychology
M.A. or M.S. › Master’s degree
B.A. or B.S.› Bachelor’s degree
17
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Careers for Psychology Majors
Most common areas of employment are in social services:› Administrator› Counseling› Provision of direct care
18
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
MODULE 2: A Science Evolves: The Past, the Present, and the Future
What are the origins of psychology?
What are the major approaches in contemporary psychology?
19
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Roots of Psychology
Structuralism› Wilhelm Wundt› Focused on uncovering the fundamental mental
components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states and activities Introspection
20
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Roots of Psychology
Functionalism› William James› Concentrated on what the mind does and how
behavior functions Stream of consciousness
21
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Roots of Psychology
Gestalt Psychology› Hermann Ebbinghaus › Max Wertheimer› Emphasized how perception is organized › “The whole is different from the sum of its parts”
22
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
Margaret Floy Washburn › First woman to receive a doctorate in psychology
Leta Stetter Hollingworth› One of the first psychologists to focus on child
development and on women’s issues
23
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
Mary Calkins› Studied memory › First female president of the American
Psychological Association
Karen Horney› Focused on the social and cultural factors behind
personality
24
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
June Etta Downey› First woman to head a psychology department at
a state university
Anna Freud› Notable contributions to the treatment of
abnormal behavior
25
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
Mamie Phipps Clark› Pioneered work on how children of color grew to
recognize racial differences
26
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Neuroscience Perspective: Blood, Sweat, and Fears
Neuroscience Perspective› Considers how people and nonhumans function
biologically
28
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Psychodynamic Perspective: Understanding the Inner Person
Psychodynamic Perspective› Sigmund Freud› Behavior is motivated by inner forces and
conflicts about which we have little awareness or control
29
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Behavioral Perspective: Observing the Outer Person
Behavioral Perspective› John B. Watson› B. F. Skinner› Focuses on observable behavior that can be
measured objectively
30
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Cognitive Perspective: Identifying the Roots of Understanding
Cognitive Perspective› Focuses on how people think, understand, and
know about the world Information processing
31
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
The Humanistic Perspective: The Unique Qualities of the Human Species
Humanistic Perspective› Carl Rogers› Abraham Maslow› Emphasis is on free will› Achieving self-fulfillment
32
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
MODULE 3: Psychology’s Key Issues and Controversies
What are psychology’s key issues and controversies?
What is the future of psychology likely to hold?
33
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Key Issues
Nature versus Nurture
Conscious versus Unconscious Causes of Behavior
Observable Behavior versus Internal Mental Processes
34
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Key Issues
Free Will versus Determinism
Individual Differences versus Universal Principles
35
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Psychology’s Future
Psychology will become increasingly specialized and new perspectives will evolve
Neuroscientific approaches will likely influence other branches of psychology
36
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc. 2011
Top Related