2002 wels Catarebulma gamokiTxvam yvela drois udides britanelad uinston
CerCili daasaxela. marTlac, misi gardacvalebidan ormocdaaTi wlis Semdegac
CerCilis saxeli yvelam icis da didi albaTobiT arc arasodes gaqreba istoriis
furclebidan.
mainc rogor gaxda CerCili ase saTayvano britaneTSi da mTel msoflioSi?
rogor miaRwia am adamianma pativiscemas rogorc sakuTari momxreebis, ise
mowinaaRmdegeebisa da mtrebis mxridan?
uinston CerCilis cxovrebaze aseulobiT
sqeltaniani wignia dawerili. maTSi umetesad
CerCilis politikuri kariera da britaneTi-
sa da msoflios winaSe misi Rvawlia aRwerili.
oficialuri biografiebi aseve mogviTxro-
ben mis aristokratiul warmoSobaze, uzrun-
vel bavSvobaze, brwyinvale ganaTlebasa da
mSoblebis kavSirebze, ramac mis warmatebul
karieras Seuwyo xeli. aravin davobs, rom
CerCili gamorCeuli niWiTac iyo dajildoebuli. magram imis gasarkvevad, Tu ro-
gor gaxda es adamiani msoflio mniSvnelobis moRvawe, es sakmarisi araa. Tu ufro
yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT CerCilis ymawvilobis periods, rodesac misi xasiaTi
da faseulobebi yalibdeboda, maSin bevri ram ufro gasagebi gaxdeba.
uinston CerCili – udidesi britaneli (1874-1965)
gamoCenili adamianebi
giorgi badriZe
„mudmivi Zalisxmeva da ara Zala an Wkua – ai ra aris Cveni SesaZleblobebis gasaRebi“.
14
uinston CerCili (Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill) daibada 1874 wels
erT-erT uZveles inglisur aris-
tokratiul ojaxSi. mamamisi, lordi
rendolf spenser-CerCili, marlbo-
ros hercogis mesame vaJi iyo (hercogis
tituli mxolod ufros vaJ ze gadadis,
amitom arc CerCilis mama da arc Tavad
uinstoni hercogebi ar yofilan). ren-
dolf CerCili cnobili politikosi
iyo da erTxans britaneTis imperiis
finansTa ministris Tanamdebobac eka-
va. britanul politikur sistemaSi
finansTa ministri (Chancellor of the Ex-chequer ) premier-ministris Semdeg Ta-
visi mniSvnelobiT meore umaRlesi Ta-
namdebobaa. uinstonis deda amerikeli milionris Svili iyo, ase rom, mas marTlac
yvelafriT uzrunvelyofili bavSvoba da garantirebulad warmatebuli momavali
unda hqonoda.
uinston CerCils Tavisi xangrZ-
livi politikuri karieris ganmav-
lobaSi ekava britaneTis mTavrobis
yvela mniSvnelovani samoqalaqo Tu
samxedro Tanamdeboba, maT Soris
orjer iyo qveynis premier-minist-
ri. is aRiarebulia, rogorc meore
msoflio omSi hitlerze gamarjve-
bis erT-erTi mTavari Semoqmedi. amis
garda, is cnobilia, rogorc msoflios yvela
drois erT-erTi udidesi oratori, xolo misi
mogonebebis krebulebi da sxva literaturuli
naSromebi moculobiT ufro didia, vidre uiliam
Seqspiris da Carlz dikensis nawarmoebebi erTad
aRebuli. literaturuli moRvaweobisTvis Cer-
Cilma nobelis premiac ki miiRo. misi niWis kidev
erTi gamoxatulebaa misi ferweruli tiloebi,
romlebic bolo wlebSi milionobiT dolaradaa
Sefasebuli.
miuxedavad yvelafrisa, Tu ufro yuradRebiT
davakvirdebiT CerCilis ymawvilkacobis peri-
ods, misi warmateba sulac ar iyo garantirebuli.
misi bavSvoba ar yofila uRrublo da ia-vardiT
mofenili.
uinston CerCili - udidesi britaneli
uinston CerCili (marjvniv) dedasa da Zma jekTan erTad, 1889
skolis moswavle CerCili
„simamace adamianis umTavresi
Tvisebaa, radgan yvela danarCeni mis
gareSe uZluria“.
15
uinston CerCils mamasTan pataraobidanve Zalian rTuli urTi-
erToba hqonda. ufro sworad, mamas is saerTod ar ainteresebda da
uins toni amas Zalian ganicdida. mis mimarT gansakuTrebuli siT-
boTi da yuradRebiT arc deda gamoirCeoda. uinstonis adreuli
bavSvobis erTaderTi axlobeli da mfarveli misi ZiZa iyo.
rogorc britaneTis maRal wreSi iyo miRebuli, uinstoni sko-
la-internatSi miabares saswavleblad. ojaxidan adreul asakSi
mowyveta yovelTvis rTulia, magram im bavSvebisTvis, vinc bunebam
kargi fizikuri monacemebiTa da xasiaTis simtkiciT ar daajildova,
ojaxidan moSorebiT saswavlebelSi cxovreba gansakuTrebiT didi
gamocdaa. uinstoni ki taniT dabali da fizikurad susti iyo, Tan
enac Zlier ebmoda. rogorc misi axloblebi aRniSnavdnen, bavSvoba-
Si mas seriozuli kompleqsebi stanjavda da maT Soris yvelaze didi
problema SiSi iyo. diax, uinston CerCili, msoflios yvela drois
erT-erTi udidesi samxedro lideri, bavSvobaSi SiSiT itanjeboda
da yvelaferi, rasac man miaRwia, swored am SiSis da sxva seriozuli
winaaRmdegobebis gadalaxvis Sedegad gaxda SesaZlebeli.
yvelaze didi niWi, romelic uinston CerCils aRmoaCnda, uzomo
nebisyofa iyo. is yvelafers akeTebda dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad. uinston CerCili samxed-ro formaSi, 1895
uinston CerCili Royal Scots Fusiliers-is me-6 batalionis xelmZRvaneli, 1916
„simamace gaZlevs Zalas, rom adge da Tqva, magram zogjer dajdomas da mosmenasac simamace sWirdeba“.
gamoCenili adamianebi
16
magaliTad gamodgeba misi brZola sakuTari metyvelebis defeqtTan, romelic
dauRalavi varjiSiT ise daamarcxa, rom CerCilis SemorCenil audioCanawerebSi
mis kvalsac ki ver ipoviT.
uinston CerCilis karierac mravali
winaaRmdegobiT da sirTuliT aRsavse
aRmoCnda. mas SeeZlo uzrunvelyofili
da wynari samsaxuri eSova, magram axal-
gazrdobidanve didi miznebi hqonda da
Tan Tavgadasavlebis moyvaruli iyo.
amitom 1893 wels skolis dasrulebis
Semdeg man prestiJul samxedro saswavlebelSi – sandherstSi gadawyvita swavlis
gagrZeleba. sandherstma axalgazrda CerCili orjer gamoistumra uariT, mag ram
rogorc es Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze man bevrjer daamtkica, is sirTuleebs aras-
d ros nebdeboda da CerCilma misaRebi gamocda mesame mcdelobis Semdeg Caabara.
CerCilis samxedro karierac uCveulo aRmoCnda. mas SeeZlo dawinaureba ojax-
uri kavSirebis gamoyenebiT mieRo, magram amis nacvlad dedis gavlenas im drois
yvelaze cxel wertilebSi mosaxvedrad iyenebda.
CerCilis pirveli mivlineba kubaze, sadac am dros espaneTisgan damoukideblo-
bis mosapoveblad omi mimdinareobda, ar yofila dakavSirebuli samxedro opera-
ciebSi monawileobasTan. CerCili samxedro korespondentad muSaobda da sikvdils
SemTxveviT gadaurCa, rodesac amboxebulebma cecxli gauxsnes. misma statiebma
maleve miipyres sazogadoebis yuradReba – aSkara iyo, rom avtori mwerlis didi
niWiT iyo dajildoebuli.
momdevno mivlinebebis dros indoeTSi, egvipteSi, sudansa Tu samxreT afrikaSi
CerCili sakuTari surviliT monawileobda yvelaze rTul samxedro operaciebSi
da iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneboda, TiTqos beds scdida. indoeTSi yofnisas misi
roli sakuTari polkis polos gundSi TamaSiT Semoifargleboda, magram CerCilis
moT xovniT is avRaneTis sazRvarze sadazvervo jgufis SemadgenlobaSi gaagza-
vnes, sadac sikvdils saswaulebrivad gadaurCa. maTi razmi puStunebis (aRmosav-
leTiranuli eTnikuri jgufis xalxi, romelic ZiriTadad cxovrobs avRAneTsa da
pakistanSi) CasafrebaSi moxvda da danakargebiT ukan daixia ise, rom daRupulebis
gvamebis datoveba mouwia. CerCilisTvis es miuRebeli iyo, magram meTaurisgan
razmTan erTad ukan dabrunebaze kategoriuli uari miiRo. CerCili warumateblo-
bas ar Sehguebia. man Svebuleba aiRo sakuTari xelmZRvanelobisgan, oRond dasven-
ebis nacvlad is sxva razms SeuerTda da misi meTauri daarwmuna, rom sarisko ope-
racia CaetarebinaT da dacemuli britaneli oficrebis da jariskacebis gvamebi
gamoe ta naT. amisTvis orkviriani brZolebi gadaitanes, magram CerCilma mizans mi-
aRwia. Tavis CanawerebSi CerCili
werda, rom ar icoda, Rirda Tu
ara amdeni msxverplis gaReba ukve
daRupuli meomrebisTvis, magram
mas sxva gvarad ar SeeZlo. CerCilis
uinston CerCili - udidesi britaneli
„warmateba araa saboloo, marcxi araa
gamousworebeli: mTavaria simamace, rom
kvlavac SegeZlos Zalisxmeva“.
„Tu cxovrebis gzaze jojoxeTs ga
dixar, gaagrZele siaruli“.
17
monaTxrobi malakandis brZolis Sesaxeb wignad gamoica da didi warmateba moi-
pova. mas Semdeg CerCili regularulad aqveynebda statiebs britaneTis wamyvan
gazeTebSi, maT Soris „deili telegrafSi“.
indoeTis Semdeg CerCili egviptesa da sudanSi miavlines, sadac man araerT brZo-
laSi miiRo monawileoba, maT Soris britanuli armiis istoriaSi ukanasknel saka-
valerio SetevaSi. mis afrikul kampaniebsac brwyinvaled dawerili publicistu-
ri angariSebi mohyva, ramac CerCils saxeli gauTqva da politikuri karierisTvis
moamzada. man Tavi daaneba samxedro samsaxurs da mTeli Tavisi Zalisxmeva politi-
kas da publicistikas dauTmo.
pirveli warumatebeli saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg man, rogorc gazeT
„morning postis“ samxedro korespondentma, isev frontis xazisken aiRo gezi, am-
jerad samxreT afrikaSi, sadac britaneTi burebTan omSi iyo Cabmuli.
erT-erTi sadazvervo operaciis dros samxedro SenaerTi, romelsac CerCili
axlda Tan, alyaSi aRmoCnda da tyved Cavarda. TanamebrZolebi aRniSnavdnen, rom
CerCilma mamacobiT yvela gaaoca. sakuTari xasiaTidan gamomdinare, igi tyveobas
ver Seegueboda, amitom pretoriis samxedro tyveebis banakidan maleve gaiqca da
TiTqmis xuTasi kilometri gaiara, sanam mokavSireebs SeuerTdeboda. CerCili arc
amis Semdeg gaCerebula – man moiTxova samxedro samsaxurSi dabruneba da britanul
jars im samxedro banakisken gauZRva, sadac Tavisi datyvevebuli TanamebrZolebi
eguleboda. CerCilma piradad daatyveva aTeulobiT buri da britanel samxedro
tyveTa banaki gaaTavisufla.
uinston CerCili –koloniebis mi nistris moadgile – parlamentisaken miemarTeba
„omSi – simtkice, marcxSi – utexoba, gamarjvebaSi - didsulovneba“.
gamoCenili adamianebi
18
es istoriebi imaze metyvelebs, rom miuxe-
davad karieris gakeTebis survilisa, CerC-
ilis moqmedebebs yovelTvis mkafio prin-
cipebi da faseulobebi gansazRvravdnen.
is verasdros miatovebda TanamebrZols da
mzad iyo sakuTari sicocxle gaeriska, rom
Tundac brZolis velze dacemuli meomris
gvami ar daetovebina.
CerCilis samxedro da politikuri kariera mWidrod iyo gadajaWvuli. meore
mcde lobis Semdeg, 1900 wels, is parlamentis wevri gaxda konservatiuli parti-
idan. mas principebisTvis politikaSic ar uRalatia maSinac ki, rodesac erTi
partiidan meoreSi gadasula. amis gakeTeba mas Semdeg mouwia, rodesac konser-
vatiuli partiis proteqcionizmze dafuZnebuli ekonomikuri politika misT-
vis miuRebeli aRmoCnda. parlamentSi gamosvlisas CerCilma proteqcionizmi
(ucxoeTidan importirebuli saqonlis dabegvra sakuTari mwarmoeblebisTvis
upiratesobis Seqmnis mizniT) Semdegnairad daaxasiaTa: „gadasaxadebis SemoReba
xalxis keTildReobis amaRlebas imediT hgavs saTlSi mdgomi kacis mcdelobas, sa-
kuTari Tavi saTlis saxeluriT aswios“.
1904 wels liberalur partiaSi gadasvlis Semdeg is dauRalavad iRvwoda Tavis-
ufali vaWrobis principebis dasanergad. 1905 wels misi samTavrobo karie rac dai-
wyo, rodesac liberalebis kabinetSi is koloniebis ministris moadgiled dainiSna.
amis Semdeg is savaWro sabWos preziden-
tad daawinaures. misi iniciativiT, pir-
velad britaneTis istoriaSi SemoiRes
Sromis minimaluri anazRaureba, rac
SromiT urTierTobebSi didi wingadadg-
muli nabiji iyo. man daaarsa Sromis bir-
Ja da aseve monawileoba miiRo umuSevro-
bis Semweobisa da erovnuli dazRvevis
kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebaSi.
1911 wels uinston CerCili britane-
Tis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrad dainiSna.
am Tanamdebobaze mas bevri usiamovne-
ba da sirTule Sexvda: mouwia maRaro-
uinston CerCili - udidesi britaneli
uinston CerCili (dgas WiSkarTan pirveli, Tavze cilindriT) policiis operaciaSi monawileobisas londonSi, 1911.
„kapitalizms keTildReobis uTanasworo
ganawileba axasiaTebs, xolo socializms –
siRatakis Tanaswori ganawileba“.
uinston CerCili britaneTis sazRvao flotis ministris rangSi portsmuTSi, 1914 wlis aprili
19
elebis gamosvlebis CaxSoba da qalTa saarCevno uflebebisTvis mebrZolebTan
dapirispireba, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad am sakiTxze referendumis Catarebis
momxre iyo. is sastikad gaakritikes, rodesac piradad miiRo monawileoba polici-
is operaciaSi, romelic londonis erT-erT quCaze anarqisti teroristebisgan
mZevlebis ganTavisuflebas isaxavda miznad. mas, rogorc ministrs, bunebrivia, ar
evaleboda borotmoqmedebTan SeiaraRebul SetakebaSi monawileoba, magram, ro-
gorc misi Tanamedroveebi ambobdnen, CerCils ar SeeZlo ar yofiliyo brZolis
SuagulSi.
CerCili maleve dainiSna britaneTis
sazRvao flotis ministrad (The First Lord Of Admiralty), rac msoflios udidesi sam-
xedro sazRvao Zalebis meTaurobas niS-
navda. man aqac gamoavlina Tavisi midre-
kileba progresisa da inovaciisken. misi
iniciativiT daiwyo TviTmfrinavebis
gamoyeneba samxedro daniSnulebiT, is
monawileobda sabrZolo teqnikis axali saxeobis – tankebis SemuSavebaSi da brita-
nuli floti navTobis sawvavze gadaiyvana (manamde britanuli gemebis absolutu-
ri umravlesoba qvanaxSirze muSaobda).
am nabijs Zalian mniSvnelovani strategiuli Sedegebi mohyva. britaneTis Tvis
aucilebeli gaxda msoflios navTobiT mdidar regionebze sakuTari gavlenis
gavrceleba. amis gamo axlo aRmosavleTma da kavkasiis regionma britaneTisTvis
axali mniSvneloba SeiZines. sul male, pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebisTanave,
amave mizeziT saqarTvelo CerCilis da britaneTis interesis sagani gaxda. CerCi-
li Cvens qveyanas pirvel rigSi kaspiis navTobze gasasvlelad ganixilavda da aseve
mokavSired bolSevikuri ruseTis winaaRmdeg. britaneTis jarebma kavkasiidan ger-
manelebi gaaZeves da saqarTveloSi da azerbaijanSi mravalaTasiani Zalebi ganal-
ages. maTi mTavari daniSnuleba baqodan
baTumSi navTobis Seuferxebeli trans-
portirebis uzrunvelyofa iyo.
1920 wels britaneTis liberalma
premier-ministrma devid loid jorjma
saqarTvelodan britanuli jaris gayva-
na gadawyvita, riTac gza gauxsna wiTe-
li armiis SemoWras da saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis damxobas.
mravali wlis Semdeg CerCili werda: „is,
rom ver SevZeliT bolSevizmis CaxSoba
misi warmoSobisTanave da ruseTSi, ro-
melic maSin dasustebuli iyo, ama Tu im
gziT demokratiuli sistemis damyare-
bisTvis xelis Sewyoba, dRemde danaSau-
lad gvawevs“.deda-dedofali, gaerTianebuli samefos mefe jorj VI da uinston CerCili, 1940
„mtrebi gyavT? kargia. ese igi cxovre-baSi raRac RirebulisTvis ar giRalati-aT“.
gamoCenili adamianebi
20
pirvel msoflio omSi britaneTis gamarjvebaSi Setanili didi wvlilis miuxe-
davad, CerCilis reputacias didi dartyma miayena 1915 wlis galipolis operaciis
fiaskom, romlis dagegmvaSic igi aqtiurad monawileobda. TurqeTSi, dardanelis
srutesTan, britaneTis da Tanamegobrobis qveynebis samxedro desantis gadasxdo-
mas Sedegad 150.000 jariskacis daRupva mohyva. CerCilma maSin pasuxismgebloba sa-
kuTar Tavze aiRo da Tanamdebobidan gadadga. is dasavleTis frontze gaemgzavra
sabrZolvelad, sadac batalions meTaurobda da, rogorc yovelTvis, Tavi piradi
mamacobiT gamoiCina. mas Svid TveSi ukanve dauZaxes mTavrobaSi da zedized ram-
denime mniSvnelovani Tanamdeboba Caabares, maT Soris – Tavdacvis (omis) ministris
posti.
galipolis tragediis miuxedavad, Tavisi cxovrebis yvelaze did Secdomad Cer-
Cili finansTa ministrobis periodSi miRebul gadawyvetilebas miiCnevda: 1924 wels
is daubrunda konservatiul partias
da finansTa ministris rangSi, mrava-
li ekonomistis rCevis miuxedavad,
britaneTis valutis - girvanqa ster-
lingis - Rirebulebis oqros standar-
ti daabruna. amas Sedegad mZime ekono-
mikuri krizisi da umuSevrobis zrda
mohyva.
1929 wels konservatiuli partia damarcxda saparlamento arCevnebSi da CerCi-
li ramdenime wliT CamoSorda did politikas. man es dro mniSvnelovani saistorio
wignebis da statiebis daweras miuZRvna.
ioseb stalini, franklin delano ruzvelti da unston CerCili Teiranis konferenciaze, 1943 wlis noemberi
„pesimisti yvela SesaZleblobaSi sir-
Tules xedavs, xolo optimisti – SesaZ-
leblobas yvela sirTuleSi“.
21
1930-ian wlebSi CerCilis cxovrebaSi yvelaze didi
gamocdis dro dadga. maSin, roca britaneTSi, maT So-
ris mis sakuTar partiaSi, umravlesoba germaniaSi momZ-
lavrebul faSistebTan kompromisze wasvlas arCevda,
CerCili politikur liderebs Soris erTaderTi iyo,
vinc amtkicebda, rom hitleri da faSizmi mTeli evro-
pisTvis udides safrTxes warmoadgenda. rodesac 1938
wels britaneTis premier-ministrma nevil Cemberlenma
miunxenis garigebas moawera xeli, romliTac hitlerma
Cexoslovakiis teritoriaze germanelebiT dasaxlebu-
li regionis sudetebis aneqsiisTvis mwvane Suqi miiRo,
CerCilma winaswarmetyvelurad warmoTqva: „Tqven mo-
gecaT arCevani omsa da uRirsobas Soris. Tqven airCieT
uRirsoba da miiRebT oms“. misi sityvebi maleve asrul-
da, rodesac hitlerma Cexoslovakiis danarCeni nawilic
daipyro da yvelasTvis aSkara gaxda, rom daTmobam da
sisustis gamovlinebam mxolod gaamyara hitleris ganz-
raxva evropaSi batonobisTvis omis wamowyebis Sesaxeb.
londonma da parizma poloneTs usafrTxoebis garan-
tiebi misces, magram ukve gviani iyo. 1939 wlis 1 seqtem-
bers germania poloneTSi SeiWra, riTac omis mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda britaneTTan
da safrangeTTan. premier-ministr Cemberlens mouwia CerCilis, misi udidesi kri-
tikosis, mTavrobaSi miwveva, sadac CerCils samxedro sazRvao Zalebis xelmZRvane-
loba daevala.
CerCilma da Cemberlenma verc erTad muSaobisas miaRwies Tanxmobas: CerCili
moiTxovda, rom britaneTs jarebs strategiuli poziciebi daekavebinaT norvegia-
Si, magram Cemberleni ar daTanxmda da norvegiaSi germaniis jarebi Sevidnen. Cember-
lenma aRiara Tavisi warumatebloba da gadadga.
amis Sedegad 1940 wlis maisSi britaneTis premier-ministris Tanamdeboba uinston
CerCilma daikava. rogorc aRmoCnda, es britaneTis istoriaSi yvelaze gadamwyveti
momentis dasawyisi iyo. amave wlis zafxulSi, mas Semdeg, rac germaniam „elviseburi
omis“ Sedegad belgia, niderlandebi da safrangeTi daipyro, hitleri britaneTze
ieriSisTvis emzadeboda.
premieris Tanamdebobis dakavebisas CerCilma parlaments istoriuli sityviT
mimarTa. man Tqva: „me arafers gTavazobT, garda sisxlis, cremlis da oflisa…. Cven
bolomde vibrZolebT. vibrZolebT saf rangeTSi, vibrZolebT zRvebsa da ok ea neebSi,
vibrZolebT haerSi, Cven davicavT Cvens
kunZuls ra fasadac ar unda dagvijdes.
Cven vibrZolebT zRvis napirze, dasaf ren
bilikebze, mindvrebSi, quCebsa da mTebSi.
Cven arasdros davnebdebiT!“
uinston CerCili yurebze xmis CamxSobiT Tvals adevnebs saxazo kreiser `rinuanis~ samxedro wvrTnas, 1943 wlis seqtemberi.
gamoCenili adamianebi
„hitlers rom jojoxeTTan daewyo omi, TemTa palataSi eSmaks dadebiTad movixseniebdi“.
22
male germanulma aviaciam britaneTze ieriSi miitana. dabombvebi da sahaero or-
TabrZolebi ramdenime Tves grZeldeboda. SemodgomisTvis ukve naTeli gaxda, rom
germanulma gamanadgureblebma ver gatexes britaneli xalxis neba da didi dana-
kargebis gamo hitleri iZulebuli gaxda britaneTis dapyrobis gegmaze xeli aeRo.
britaneTis brZolis Sedegma omis da msoflios bedzec imoqmeda.
mas Semdeg, rac hitlerma ver SeZlo britaneTis damarcxeba, is sakuTar mokav-
Sires, sabWoTa kavSirs, daesxa Tavs. CerCili bolSevizms kacobriobisTvis iseTive
mtrad ganixilavda, rogorc nacizms, magram yoymanis gareSe Seudga stalinTan
aliansis Seqmnas. misTvis hitleris SeCereba upirvelesi mniSvnelobis amocana iyo.
msoflio omma CerCilis yvelaze Zlieri Tvisebebi gamoavlina – strategiuli
azrovneba, didi diplomatiuri niWi da, rac mTavaria, liderobis unari. misi ga-
mosvlebi amxnevebda britanel jariskacebs da moqalaqeebs, misma Zalisxmevam daaC-
qara britaneTis, amerikis da sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro aliansis Seqmna. CerCilma
piradad miiRo monawileoba omisSemdgomi
msoflios mowyobis SemuSavebaSi, rac sabWo-
Ta kavSirTan da stalinTan WidilSi uwevda.
germaniis damarcxebis Semdeg naTeli
gax da, rom evropa erTi dampyroblisgan
gan Tavisuflda, magram misi adgili axal-
ma daikava. sabWoTa kavSirma maleve gamoav-
lina Tavisi ganzraxva, „ganTavisuflebul“
centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi Tav-
ad gamxdariyo mbrZanebeli, ramac yofil
mokav Sireebs Soris axali dapirispireba ga-
moiwvia.
CerCili xalxs mimarTavs, 1945
CerCili maiamiSi Svebulebis dros, 1946 23
CerCilma, romelmac omis damTavrebis
Semdeg premier-ministris Tanamdeboba
datova (1945 wlis arCevnebSi konserva-
tiuli partia moulodnelad damarcxda),
1946 wels amerikis qalaq fultonSi, sa-
dac is aSS-is prezidentis hari trumenis
miwveviT imyofeboda, sityviT gamosvlisas pirvelma daarqva Tavisi saxeli axal
realobas: „Stetinidan baltiis zRvaze, triestemde adriatikaSi, kontinentze,
rkinis farda Camowva“, – Tqva man da mouwoda amerikis SeerTebul Statebs, raTa
msoflioSi Tavisuflebis dasacavad mtkice kavSiri Seekra britaneTTan da msof-
lios yvela demokratiul saxelmwifosTan.
CerCilis ZalisxmeviT aSS-sa da britaneTs WeSmaritad gansakuTrebuli urTi-
erTobebi CamouyalibdaT da dRemde yvelaze axlo partniorebad rCebian.
1952 wels CerCilma kidev erTxel moaxerxa premier-ministris postze dabrune-
ba. am periods ukavSirdeba pirveli britanuli birTvuli bombis gamocda (britane-
Tis birTvuli programa 1940 wels CerCilis iniciativiT daiwyo), ramac britaneTi
msoflioSi aSS-is da ssrk-is Semdeg mesame birTvul saxelmwifod aqcia. Rrmad mo-
xu ci CerCili, romelsac janmrTelobis problemebi awuxebda, 1955 wels gadadga.
man Tavisi danarCeni cxovreba weras da xatvas miuZRvna. CerCilis Rvawli mis
cxovrebaSive iyo dafasebuli. is literaturis dargSi nobelis premiis laureati
gaxda. dedofalma elisabedma CerCils londonis hercogis tituli SesTavaza,
Tumca sabolood garteris (britaneTis
umaRlesi rainduli ordeni) raindoba
miiRo da mas Semdeg ser uinston Cer-
Cilad iwodeba. aSS-is prezidentma jon
kenedim mas amerikis sapatio moqalaqeo-
ba mianiWa. sul bolo dromde CerCilis
biusti aSS-is prezidentis ovalur kabi-
netSi idga.
ledi nensi astori: „Tqven rom Cemi qmari iyoT, CaiSi sawamlavs CagiyridiT.“
CerCili: „nensi, Tqveni qmari rom viyo, aucileblad davlevdi“.
„amerikelebi yovelTvis sworad iqcevi-an... mas Semdeg, rac yvela sxva gzas scdian“.
gamoCenili adamianebi
24
bunebrivia, adamiani, romelmac amgvari cxovrebis gza ganvlo, istoriis kuTv-
nilebaa. magram CerCili yovelTvis gamorCeuli iqneba sxva politikosebisgan imiT,
rom misi mamoZravebeli Zala ara mxolod karieris gakeTebis survili, aramed mtki-
ce principebi iyo, romelTa gamo araerTxel uTqvams uari wynar cxovrebaze. mas
sjeroda, rom adamianebi imsaxurebdnen Tavisuflebas da Rirseul cxovrebas da
rom amisTvis Rirda brZola.
CerCili arc gasaRmerTeblad gamodgeba. mas uamravi nakli da mavne Cveva hqon-
da: is axalgazrdobidan svamda uzomod da ganuyreli iyo Tavis sayvarel kubur
siga rebTan. igi SeiZleba uxeSi da utaqtoc yofiliyo (Tumca aseT SemTxvevebSic ki
inar Cunebda gamorCeul iumoris grZnobas).
da mainc, CerCili istoriis erT-erTi didi gmiria, romelmac usixarulo bavSvo-
ba gamoiara, ymawvilobaSi martom daamarcxa sakuTari sisuste da daamtkica, rom
simamace an Tundac gmiroba ar niSnavs SiSis arqonas, simamace SiSis gadalaxvas
niSnavs – moqmedebas SiSis miuxedavad. amitom is namdvil mebrZolad Camoyalibda,
romelic araerT sastik brZolaSi gauZRva TanamebrZolebs, xolo meore msoflio
omSi – mTel britanel ers da gaamarjvebina.
uinston CerCili - udidesi britaneli
uinston CerCili meuRlesa da SviliSvilebTan erTad, 1951
25
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