Download - Twomey & Jennings BUSINESS LAW

© 2004 West Legal Studies in BusinessA Division of Thomson Learning

BUSINESS LAW BUSINESS LAW Twomey • Jennings 1stEd.Twomey • Jennings 1stEd.

Twomey & JenningsTwomey & Jennings

BUSINESS LAWBUSINESS LAWTwomey & JenningsTwomey & Jennings

BUSINESS LAWBUSINESS LAW

Chapter 25Obligations and Performance

Chapter 25Obligations and Performance

2© 2004 West Legal Studies in BusinessA Division of Thomson Learning


Good FaithGood FaithGood FaithGood Faith

• Every sales contract imposes an obligation of good faith and timely performance. – Good faith means honesty in fact in the conduct

or transaction concerned. – For merchants, the UCC imposes the additional

requirement of observing “reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade.”

• Every sales contract imposes an obligation of good faith and timely performance. – Good faith means honesty in fact in the conduct

or transaction concerned. – For merchants, the UCC imposes the additional

requirement of observing “reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade.”



RepudiationRepudiationRepudiationRepudiation

• A buyer’s or a seller’s refusal to perform a contract is called a repudiation.

• A repudiation made in advance of the time for performance is called an anticipatory repudiation.

• Repudiation is a breach of the contract.

• A buyer’s or a seller’s refusal to perform a contract is called a repudiation.

• A repudiation made in advance of the time for performance is called an anticipatory repudiation.

• Repudiation is a breach of the contract.



Adequate Assurance Adequate Assurance of Performanceof Performance

Adequate Assurance Adequate Assurance of Performanceof Performance

• If either party to a contract feels insecure about the performance of the other, that party may demand in writing adequate assurance of performance.

• If that assurance is not given, the demanding party may treat the contract as repudiated.

• If either party to a contract feels insecure about the performance of the other, that party may demand in writing adequate assurance of performance.

• If that assurance is not given, the demanding party may treat the contract as repudiated.

Hornell Brewing Co., Inc. v Spry (1997) Were there adequate assurances by the Defendant?

Hornell Brewing Co., Inc. v Spry (1997) Were there adequate assurances by the Defendant?



Seller’s DutiesSeller’s DutiesSeller’s DutiesSeller’s Duties

• The seller has a duty to deliver the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract.

• The time, manner and place of delivery are usually a part of the contract, or are determined by the usual course of dealing in that business.

• In any case, this duty requires that the seller permit the transfer of possession of the goods to the buyer.

• The seller has a duty to deliver the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract.

• The time, manner and place of delivery are usually a part of the contract, or are determined by the usual course of dealing in that business.

• In any case, this duty requires that the seller permit the transfer of possession of the goods to the buyer.



Buyer’s Right to Buyer’s Right to InspectInspect

Buyer’s Right to Buyer’s Right to InspectInspect

• The buyer has the right to inspect the goods upon tender or delivery. – Inspection includes the right to open cartons

and conduct tests.

• Exception to this is a COD delivery.– Buyer has no right until payment is made.

• The buyer has the right to inspect the goods upon tender or delivery. – Inspection includes the right to open cartons

and conduct tests.

• Exception to this is a COD delivery.– Buyer has no right until payment is made.



Buyer’s Right to RejectBuyer’s Right to RejectBuyer’s Right to RejectBuyer’s Right to Reject

• If the inspection by the buyer reveals that the seller has tendered nonconforming goods, the buyer may reject them. – Subject to certain limitations, the seller may

then offer to replace the goods or cure the problems.

• If the inspection by the buyer reveals that the seller has tendered nonconforming goods, the buyer may reject them. – Subject to certain limitations, the seller may

then offer to replace the goods or cure the problems.

Weil v Murray (2001) Did Murray properly reject the paintings?Weil v Murray (2001) Did Murray properly reject the paintings?



Buyer’s DutiesBuyer’s DutiesBuyer’s DutiesBuyer’s Duties

• The buyer has a duty to accept goods that conform to the contract, and refusal to do so is a breach of contract.

• The buyer is deemed to have accepted goods either expressly or by implication through his conduct or by lapse of time.

• The buyer must pay for accepted goods in accordance with the contract.

• The buyer has a duty to accept goods that conform to the contract, and refusal to do so is a breach of contract.

• The buyer is deemed to have accepted goods either expressly or by implication through his conduct or by lapse of time.

• The buyer must pay for accepted goods in accordance with the contract.



Buyer’s Right of Buyer’s Right of RejectionRejection

Buyer’s Right of Buyer’s Right of RejectionRejection

• The buyer can reject goods in commercial units, accept the goods and collect damages for their problems, or reject the full contract shipment.

• The buyer must give notice of rejection to the seller and cannot do anything with the goods that would be inconsistent with the seller’s ownership rights.

• The buyer can reject goods in commercial units, accept the goods and collect damages for their problems, or reject the full contract shipment.

• The buyer must give notice of rejection to the seller and cannot do anything with the goods that would be inconsistent with the seller’s ownership rights.



Revocation of Revocation of AcceptanceAcceptance

Revocation of Revocation of AcceptanceAcceptance

• Even following acceptance, the buyer may revoke that acceptance if:– the problems with the goods substantially

impair their value and the problems were not easily discoverable, or

– the buyer kept the goods based on the seller’s promises to repair them and make them whole.

• Even following acceptance, the buyer may revoke that acceptance if:– the problems with the goods substantially

impair their value and the problems were not easily discoverable, or

– the buyer kept the goods based on the seller’s promises to repair them and make them whole.

Jackson Hole Traders, Inc. v Joseph (1997) Did Joseph have the right to revoke her acceptance of the goods?

Jackson Hole Traders, Inc. v Joseph (1997) Did Joseph have the right to revoke her acceptance of the goods?



When Duties are When Duties are ExcusedExcused

When Duties are When Duties are ExcusedExcused

• Commercial Impracticability: Performance can be excused but the seller must show objective difficulties that create more than cost increases.

• Commercial Impracticability: Performance can be excused but the seller must show objective difficulties that create more than cost increases.

Alamance County Board of Education v Bobby Murray (2001) Was Murray excused from performance?

Alamance County Board of Education v Bobby Murray (2001) Was Murray excused from performance?



Pay Revoke Acceptance(only in some cases)

Correct performance if time allows

Breach of Contract; Buyer may make substitute

contract & recover damages

PerformanceRepudiation

Buyer SellerContract

Right to Inspect

Accept* Reject

*May accept all, accept commercial units, or accept on condition of seller making repair or paying damages for nonconforming goods.

Delivery

Overview of ProcessOverview of ProcessOverview of ProcessOverview of Process