BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SEMINAR ON SUPERCHARGER & TURBOCHARGER
Name of the guide:-Dr. K.C. DEVENDRAPPA SUBMITTED BY:- AMIT KUMARSeminar Co-ordinator:- USN:4BD12ME012 Mr. D.E. UMESH ME, BIET,
DAVANGERE
TURBOCHARGER AND
SUPERCHARGER
INTRODUCTIONThe power out put of an engine depends
upon the amount of air inducted per unit time and the degree of utilization of this air , and the thermal efficiency of the engine.
Indicated engine Power IP=P*L*A*n*K/60000 ……………..(1)Where, IP= indicated power (kW)P=indicated mean effective pressure(N/m2)L=length of strokeA= area of piston n= no of power stroke, for 2-s engine-N and for 4-s engine N/2,
N= rpm K= No of cylinders
Three possible methods utilized to increase the air consumption of an engine are as follows:
Increasing the piston displacement: This increases the size and weight of the engine, and introduces additional cooling problems.
Running the engine at higher speeds: This results in increased mechanical friction losses and imposes greater inertia stresses on engine parts.
Increasing the density of the charge: This allows a greater mass of the charge to be inducted into the same volume.
DefinitionThe most efficient method of increasing the
power of an engine is by supercharging, i.e. increasing the flow of air into the engine to enable more fuel to be burnt.
A Supercharger is run by the mechanical drive, powered by engine power .
A turbocharger uses the otherwise unused energy in the exhaust gases to drive a turbine directly connected by a co-axial shaft to a rotary compressor in the air intake system.
Need of turbocharger and super charger
For ground installations, it is used to produce a gain in the power out put of the engine.
For aircraft installations, in addition to produce a gain in the power out put at sea-level, it also enables the engine to maintain a higher power out put as altitude is increased.
Fig.1 Supercharger
COMPRESSED AIR
Air inlet
Types
Fig. 2 Turbocharger
Working of a turbocharger:A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by
the energy of the exhaust gases of an engine. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a
compressor on a shared shaft. The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force,
which is in turn used to drive the compressor. The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it
in to the intake manifold at increased pressure, resulting in a greater mass of air entering the cylinders on each intake stroke.
In order to achieve this boost, the turbocharger uses the exhaust flow from the engine to spin a turbine, which in turn spins an air pump. The turbine in the turbocharger spins at speeds of up to 150,000 rotations per minute (rpm) -- that's about 30 times faster than most car engines can go. And since it is hooked up to the exhaust, temperatures in the turbine are also very high.hig h.
Based on the use of compressor
Centrifugal typeRoots typeVane type
Types of super charger:
Components of turbocharger• Air compressor•Turbine•Intercooler
Supercharger.
1.Centrifugal type
2. Vane type
3. Root’s type
Where the turbocharger is located in the car
Advantages of supercharger and turbocharger The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local atmospheric
pressure (boost), the more power the engine produces. Automotive superchargers for street use typically produce a maximum boost pressure between 0.33 to 1.0 bar , providing a proportionate increase in power.
Engines burn air and fuel at an ideal (stoichiometric) ratio of about 14.7:1, which means that if you burn more air, you must also burn more fuel.
This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less oxygen, reducing power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea level, but a supercharger can compensate for that loss, pressurizing the intake charge to something close to sea level pressure.
Disadvantages of turbocharger and superchargerCost and complexityDetonationParasitic lossesSpaceTurbo lag
Conclusions:Due to low speed of operation and less power ,
turbocharger is used more frequently than supercharger for more power generation and to operate it higher altitude.
Turbo-charging a tractor engine is an acceptable method of increasing its performance if carried out within manufacturers’ specifications.
Lower engine operating temperatures result which can be beneficial.
Since the engine lubricating oil is subjected to high temperatures as it passes through the turbocharger the correct oil must be used as specified for turbocharged engines.
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