8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
1/30
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
2/30
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
3/30
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
4/30
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
5/30
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
6/30
Tropical Revolving Storms
Satellite and radio
Satellite coverage means that most TRS are detected early and
continuously monitored. Radio warnings are given in affectedareas (see Admiralty List of Radio signals (ALRS)).
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
7/30
Tropical Depression (Start preparing for a storm)
Winds up to 38 MPH
Tropical Storm (Start preparing for a hurricane)
Winds up to 39 to 73 MPH
Safir Simpson scale Hurricane Categories
CATEGORY 1 (When in doubt, Evacuate)
Winds 74-95 mph
Damage to trees & shrubs
Damage to unanchored mobile homes
Damage to windows and vehicles from flying windblown objects
Storm surge 5 feet above normal
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
8/30
CATEGORY 2 (Evacuate)
Winds 96-110 mph
Some trees down, lots of damage to foliage & shrubs
Major mobile home damage
Some damage to roofingStorm surge 6-8 feet above normal
Coastal flooding, escape routes blocked several hours before arrival of
hurricane 'eye'.
Evacuation of islands and low-lying coastal areas may be required.*
CATEGORY 3 (Evacuate)
Winds 111-130 mph
Damage to roofs, windows, doors and small buildingsDestruction of mobile homes
Storm Surge 9-12 feet above normal
Structures near coast damaged by waves and floating debris
Evacuation of coastal low-lying residences/structures within severalblocks of shore*
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
9/30
CATEGORY 4 (Evacuate, get out of the way)
Winds 131-155 mph
Much Extensive damage to roofs, doors, windows
Evacuation of low-lying and coastal residences and structures up to 2
miles from shore*Beach erosion and massive flooding up to 6-7 miles from shore
CATEGORY 5 (Evacuate, Evacuate, Evacuate)
Winds greater than 155 mph (Hurricane Andrew was in this category)
Destruction of buildings, and/or windows, roofs, doors, walls
Small buildings may be blown away or overturned
Massive evacuations in path of storm*
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
10/30
Formation and Track
(www.metoffice.com)
http://www.metoffice.com/http://www.metoffice.com/8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
11/30
Cloud
Most cloud in the affected areas is cumuloform. However Easterly
waves (EW), tropical depressions and storms are characterisedby Cirrus cloud emanating from the direction of the storm up to
700 nm from the centre. Unusually beautiful sunrise/ sunset are
seen with very clear visibility. As the storm approaches cloud
thickens and lowers -Ac,As,Ns. (cf Mid latitude depressions).
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
12/30
Wind
In areas where TRS occur trade winds normally prevail.
Hence wind from an unusual direction is a possible indicator.As the storm approaches the wind increases.
In the Northern Hemispherestrongest winds are to the right of
the storm's track, known as the dangerous semicircle.
To this side the wind will veer if the observer is stationary,
similarly when the observer is in the navigable semicirclethe
wind will back.
Buy's Ballots law indicates that with the back to the wind the eyeof the storm is to the left and slightly ahead.
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
13/30
Swell
The direction of swell is normally fairly constant in the
areas.
In general swell waves travel faster than the storm,
therefore a heavy swell is often the earliestindicator.
The direction of the swell indicates the storm's direction.
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
14/30
Pressure
Pressure in the tropics varies daily by about 3mbs in a
regular, almost sinusoidal manner.
Maxima 1000 and 2200, minima 0400 and 1600.
Because of this pressure tendencies are reported for a 24
hour period not 3 hours as in temperate latitudes.Any variations from the norm by 3 mbs or more is a good
sign of an approaching TRS.
However this effect is normally felt when already close to
the centre.
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
15/30
Avoidance (Northern Hemisphere)
Dangerous Semicircle
Put the wind on the starboard bowand keep it there, altering
course accordingly until the storm is past.
NavigableSemicircle and storm's track
Put the wind on the starboard quarter, again keep it there.
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
16/30
Hurricane Adolf 29 May 2001
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
17/30
WDPN31 PHNC 290400 MSGID/GENADMIN/NAVPACMETOCCEN PEARL HARBOR
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
18/30
WDPN31 PHNC 290400 MSGID/GENADMIN/NAVPACMETOCCEN PEARL HARBOR
HI//JTWC// SUBJ/PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E)
WARNING NR 14// RMKS/
1. FOR METEOROLOGISTS.
2. PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR 290000Z1 MAY 01 TO 010000Z1 JUN 01. A.
HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E), LOCATED APPROXIMATELY 170 NM SOUTHWEST OFACAPULCO, MEXICO, HAS MOVED NORTHWEST AT 08 KNOTS DURING THE PAST
SIX HOURS. THE WARNING POSITION IS BASED ON 282330Z8 VISIBLE AND
INFRARED SATELLITE IMAGERY. THE WARNING INTENSITY IS BASED ON
CURRENT INTENSITY ESTIMATES OF 102 KNOTS. ANIMATED INFRARED SATELLITE
IMAGERY INDICATES THAT THE SYSTEM HAS RE- INTENSIFIED OVER THE PAST 6
HOURS WITH SIGNIFICANT COOLING OF CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURES IN THEEYEWALL. VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY DEPICTS A 120-NM DIAMETER
SYMMETRIC SYSTEM WITH A 20-NM ROUND EYE. B. HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E) IS
CURRENTLY UNDER THE STEERING INFLUENCE OF A MID-LEVEL RIDGE SITUATED
TO THE NORTH. THE MID- LEVEL RIDGE IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN STRONG. THE
UK-MET DOES NOT DISPLAY AS MUCH RIDGING AND IS SLOWER WITH THE
FORWARD PROGRESS OF THE STORM. THE OFFICAL FORECAST IS WEIGHTEDMORE TOWARDS THE AVN MODEL, MOVING SLIGHTLY FASTER AND MORE
WESTERLY THAN THE PREVIOUS FORECAST. C. HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E)
SHOULD BEGIN TO START WEAKENING WITHIN THE NEXT 12 TO 24 HOURS. D.
WIND RADII ARE BASED ON CLIMATOLOGY.//
WARNING ATCP MIL 01E NEP 010529034344 2001052900 01E ADOLPH 014 01 290 09 SATL 010 T000 150N 1021W 125 R050
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
19/30
WARNING ATCP MIL 01E NEP 010529034344 2001052900 01E ADOLPH 014 01 290 09 SATL 010 T000 150N 1021W 125 R050
050 R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC T012 156N 1038W 115 R050 050 R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC T024 162N 1053W 105 R050 050
R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC T036 167N 1066W 095 R050 050 R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC T048 170N 1080W 085 R050 050 R035
100 NE SC 085 SW SC T072 175N 1105W 065 R050 050 R035 100 NE SC 085 SW SC AMP 012HR DISSIPATING AS A
SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER 024HR DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER
WATER 036HR DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER 048HR DISSIPATING AS A
SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER 072HR DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER
WATER NNNN SUBJ: TROPICAL CYCLONE WARNING WTPN 31 PHNC 290400 1. HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E) WARNING
NR 014 01 ACTIVE TROPICAL CYCLONE IN EASTPAC MAX SUSTAINED WINDS BASED ON ONE-MINUTE AVERAGE ---WARNING POSITION: 290000Z1 --- NEAR 15.0N6 102.1W4 MOVEMENT PAST SIX HOURS - 290 DEGREES AT 09 KTS
POSITION ACCURATE TO WITHIN 010 NM POSITION BASED ON EYE FIXED BY SATELLITE PRESENT WIND
DISTRIBUTION: MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 125 KT, GUSTS 150 KT RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM RADIUS OF 035
KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE REPEAT POSIT: 15.0N6 102.1W4 ---
FORECASTS: 12 HRS, VALID AT: 291200Z4 --- 15.6N2 103.8W2 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 115 KT, GUSTS 140 KT
DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM RADIUS OF
035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE VECTOR TO 24 HR POSIT: 295
DEG/ 08 KTS --- 24 HRS, VALID AT: 300000Z3 --- 16.2N9 105.3W9 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 105 KT, GUSTS 130 KT
DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM RADIUS OF035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE VECTOR TO 36 HR POSIT: 290
DEG/ 07 KTS --- 36 HRS, VALID AT: 301200Z6 --- 16.7N4 106.6W3 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 095 KT, GUSTS 115 KT
DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM RADIUS OF
035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE VECTOR TO 48 HR POSIT: 285
DEG/ 07 KTS --- EXTENDED OUTLOOK: 48 HRS, VALID AT: 310000Z4 --- 17.0N8 108.0W9 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 085
KT, GUSTS 105 KT DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050
NM RADIUS OF 035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE VECTOR TO 72
HR POSIT: 280 DEG/ 06 KTS --- 72 HRS, VALID AT: 010000Z1 --- 17.5N3 110.5W7 MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 065 KT, GUSTS
080 KT DISSIPATING AS A SIGNIFICANT TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WATER RADIUS OF 050 KT WINDS - 050 NM
RADIUS OF 035 KT WINDS - 100 NM NORTHEAST SEMICIRCLE 085 NM SOUTHWEST SEMICIRCLE --- REMARKS:
MAXIMUM SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT AT 290000Z IS 22 FEET. REFER TO WWPN30 KNZY FOR ADDITIONAL SEA
HEIGHT INFORMATION. OTTUZYUW RHHMFWCXXXX XXXXXXX-UUUU--RHMCSUU. ZNR UUUUU O 280330Z6 MAY 01
FM NAVPACMETOCCEN PEARL HARBOR HI//31// TO AIG 470 LMCC BCST CINCLANTFLT NORFOLK VA//N37// ADD
UNITS AS REQUIRED BT UNCLAS //N03144// HURRICANE ADOLPH (01E) HAS MOVED TO THE NORTHWEST AT 8
KNOTS. WARNING POSITION IS BASED ON 282331Z9 INFRARED (IR) SATELLITE IMAGERY AND SPECIAL SENSOR
MICROWAVE IMAGARY. THE WARNING INTENSITY IS BASED ON CURRENT INTENSITY ESTIMATES OF 102 KNOTS. IR
SATELLITE ANIMATION INDICATES INCREASED WRAPPING OF BANDING FEATURES IN TO THE SYSTEM.
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
20/30
2007 Atlantic storms
(up to 16 September)
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
21/30
Rise and fall of Humberto
Storm Coordinates Time: Lat:Lon: Wind(mph):Pressure:Storm Type:
1215GMT 28.1-95.20 35 1006 Tropical
Depression
1221GMT 28.6-94.90 50 999 Tropical Storm
1303GMT 29.0-94.60 65 995 Tropical Storm
1305GMT 29.4-94.40 80 992 Category
Hurricane 1309GMT 29.9-94.10 85 986 Category
Hurricane
1315GMT 30.6-93.20 65 990 Tropical Storm
1321GMT 31.4-92.60 35 1003 Tropical
Depression
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
22/30
Humberto
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
23/30
Action to be taken in the vicinity
of a TRS Determine the bearing- Buys Ballots law
12 points (135)
10 points after fall of 10mb
8 points after fall of 20mb
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
24/30
Estimate the distance
5mb below normal,
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
25/30
Semicircle
Northern Hemisphere right hand is calleddangerous
left handnavigable
Real wind shift
Veer right hand
Back left hand
Steady in path Barometer gives quadrant
falls before the trough line
rises after
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
26/30
Rules of avoidance
Avoid passing within 75nm
preferably 200nm
if 20knots available, sail away
Can normally be outpaced.
Keep barometer within 5mb of average
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
27/30
Avoidance Northern Hemisphere
Wind veers then dangerous semicircle.
Place wind 1-4 points on starboard bow.
Navigable semicircle
place wind on the starboard quarter.
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
28/30
Use of safety sector
A ship steaming 180 at 20 kns
receives a report of a TRS 700nm bearing
200moving NNW at 6 knots
lay off 24 hour progress
lay off lines 40 from track
describe an arc to produce a sector.
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
29/30
Avoiding a storm!
Six hour later, storm moving North at
10knots
at 1200 movement NNE at 12 knots
at 1800 NE at 15 knots.
8/12/2019 Tro Rev Storm
30/30
Links
National hurricane Centre USA
Names
2005
2009
Katrina
Images of Katrina
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2005atlan.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2009atlan.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/americas/05/katrina/html/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://images.google.co.uk/images?hl=en&q=hurricane+katrina&revid=1481049669&resnum=0&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=kzp1S82IG6P60wSLjamrCQ&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=8&ved=0CDEQsAQwBwhttp://images.google.co.uk/images?hl=en&q=hurricane+katrina&revid=1481049669&resnum=0&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=kzp1S82IG6P60wSLjamrCQ&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=8&ved=0CDEQsAQwBwhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/americas/05/katrina/html/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2009atlan.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2005atlan.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtmlhttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/Top Related