LOGO
Trần Văn Thái-DH8D
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CONTENTS
I. THREE MAIN MISTAKES IN WRITING1. Vietnamese-English translation2. Grammar3. Styles
II. GUIDELINES
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VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Translating word by word from Vietnamese into English (using bilingual dictionary)This causes grammar and
vocabulary mistakesReaders cannot understand
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1. He is difficult.Difficult unsociable (strict)
2. We took a bath in the sea when we went to Ha Tien Beach.
Took a bath swam
EXAMPLES OF WORD BY WORD TRANSLATION
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Wrong verb tenses Misuse of confusing structures Adjective order Position of adverbs Run-on sentences Fragment sentences Subject-verb agreement Using articles
COMMON GRAMMAR MISTAKES
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EX: Before the Second Word War Einstein has discovered his
famous formula E=MC2
Has discovered had discovered
TENSES OF VERB
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CONFUSING STRUCTURES
EX: “USE TO” / “TO BE USE TO”- Men are used to believing in their
superiority over women- Men used to believe in their
superiority over women
Writers misuse grammar structures that have similar forms but different
meanings
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ADJECTIVE ORDERA large old oval painting
5. COLOR (green/black/red)
A small square black and white photograph
6. WHERE FROM (French/Russia/Vietnamese)An ugly modern American car
7. MATERIAL MADE OF (silver/paper/plastic)
A pink Japanese silk blouse
1. OPINION(enjoyable/horrible/boring)
An enjoyable film
2. DIMENSION (SIZE)(large/tiny/heavy)
A disgusting little insect
3. AGE(old/young/modern)
A beautiful tall young woman
4. SHAPE(round/square/rectangular)
NOTE: do not use more than three adjectives before a noun
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ADVERB ORDER1. Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of TIMZ
I go for a walk round the park every day
2. Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of MANNER + Adv. of TIME
I go for a walk round the park very slowly every day
3.Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of MANNER + Adv. of FREQUENCY + Adv. TIME
I go for a walk round the park very slowly twice every day
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FRAGMENTSWrong: He was very happy. Because he had passed
the examRight: He was very happy because he…SPLITTING OF INFINITIVESPoor: I told him to carefully drive on slippery street.Better: I told him to drive carefully on slippery street.PLURAL / SINGULAR NOUNSWrong: If a pupil studies hard, they will pass the
examRight: If a pupil studies hard, he or she will pass the
exam Or If pupils study hard, they will pass the exam
COMMON MISTAKES IN SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION
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MISTAKES OF WRITING STYLES
1. Formal Informal writing style
2. Directness
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Express your ideas clearly Write good sentences which
show UnityCoherenceEmphasis
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Use sentence patterns Think in english as much as possible Reduce the use bilingual dictionary Write drafts Check & correct mistakes
VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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Organise your ideas carefully Learn and practice grammar structures “Do not write over three lines each sentence!” Read a lot Writing journalWriting journal
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GUIDELINES
1. VARY SENTENCE LENGTH AND PATTERNSEX: I have a little brother. His name is Tom. He’s now in the eighth form. His fovourite subject at school is English.
I have a little brother whose name is Tom. He is now in the eighth form and his favourite subject is English.
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GUIDELINES
2. USE COORDINATION, COMPOUNDING, SUBORDINATION, REDUCTION…
EX: Poor: He is not a good pupil. He passed the examination successfully.Better: He is not a good pupil, but he passed the examination successfully.Weak: He got good marks in the exam. His parents rewarded him.Clear: His parent rewarded him when he got good mark in the exam.
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On-line resources for writersOn-line resources for writers
http:// owl. trc. purdue. edu/ by-topic.htmlhttp:// owl. trc. purdue. edu/ by-topic.html http://www.coe.uncc.edu/~brmattin/http://www.coe.uncc.edu/~brmattin/
adds.htmladds.htmlhttp://webserver.maclab.comp.uvic.ca/ http://webserver.maclab.comp.uvic.ca/
writersguide/writersguide/Essay/ EssaysTOC. htmlEssay/ EssaysTOC. html http:// sti.larc. nasa. gov/ http:// sti.larc. nasa. gov/
html/Chapt3/Chapt3-TOC.htmlhtml/Chapt3/Chapt3-TOC.htmlhttp://www. hut. fi. / ~rvilmi / LangHelp/ http://www. hut. fi. / ~rvilmi / LangHelp/
Writing/Writing/
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LOGOwww.themegallery.com
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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT
STUDY THE CORRECT SPELLING OF A NEW WORD CAREFULLYLOOK AT IT ATTENTIVELYPRONOUNCE IT ALOUDSYLLABLE BY SYLLABLETRY TO SEE THE PRINTED WORD IN
YOUR MINDALLOW YOURSELF TO CHECK THE
SPEELING THAT YOU ARE UNSURE.
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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT MASTER A LIST OF MISSPELLED
WORDSINCORRECT SPELLING
CORRECT SPEELING
POINTS TO REMEMBER
alwrite all right right (wrong)comparision comparison son (father)adress address two ‘d’s
Practice writing these troublesome words several times.
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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT
MASTER THE RULES OF SPELLING. IN SPITE OF EXEPTIONS, THOSE RULES ARE TRUE
MOST OF THE TIME1.THE FINAL “Y” RULE2.THE FINAL “E” RULE
3.RULE FOR DOUBLING A FINAL CONSONANT
4.RULES FOR FORMING PLURALS5.THE IE-EI RULE
1
The final "y" rule
ending in consonant + "y"
change "y""i"+
suffixstudy + ous =
studious
Note: suffix -ingkeep
"y"+suffix
study + ing = studying
2
The final "e" rule
suffix begins with a vowel
drop "e"+suffi
xwrite + ing =
writing
suffix begins with a
consonant
keep "e"+suffi
xuse + less =
useless
3
Doubling a final
consonant
only one syllable drop+ing=
droppingstressed on the
last syllabledouble
the finalbig+est=bigges
tending in
"vowel+consonant"
consonant+
suffixadmit+ing=admitting
suffix starts with a vowel refer+ed=
referred
4
Rule for Forming Plurals
in general add -s roadroads
ending in -s, -ss, -z, -sh, -ch add -es dish
dishedending in
consonant+"y"
change "y""i"+"-
es"skyskie
s
ending in vowel+"y"
keep "y"+"-s"
monkeymonkeys
ending in "f" change
"f""v"+"-es"
leafleaves
ending in "o" add "-es" tomatotomatoes
Note:
musical terms (solo, piano,
alto) add "-s"
solosolospianopian
osending in vowel+"o"
radioradios
combined words or
hyphenated compounds
add "-s"mother-in-
law mothers-in-
law
special plurals
manmentoothteethsheepshee
p
5
The ie-ei rule
”i” and ”e” (same
syllable)
pronounced /i/ write “ie”
niecechief
not pronounce /i/
write “ei”
eightheight
AGE HEIGHT BUILD EYES COMPLEXI-ON (skin)
OldYoung
In his/her
30’sMiddle aged
…
1,70mAverage height
TallShortishMedium height
…
FatThinSlim
PlumpStout
Chubby…
BlueBrownDarkBlackHazel
…
BlackBrownWhiteRuddyOlive-
skinned…
HAIRCOLOR, HAIRSTYLE, FACE, DISTINGUISHING FEATURES, PERSONALITY, DRESS, ACCESSORIES,
MOOD/FEEL, HOBBIES, FAMILY BACKGROUND…
DISCRIBING PEOPLE
PERSONALITYaggressiveamusing
calmneat fashionable shy
talkativerefined
optimisticpessimisticmousey
reliable elegant “spunky”
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