Town Hall Meeting Town Hall Meeting Underage DrinkingUnderage Drinking
Fact vs. FictionFact vs. Fiction
Rob LillisRob LillisEvalumetrics ResearchEvalumetrics [email protected]@rochester.rr.comwww.evalumetrics.orgwww.evalumetrics.org
Partners for Prevention in Allegany Partners for Prevention in Allegany CountyCounty
Drug Free Community GrantDrug Free Community Grant PPAC is a community coalitionPPAC is a community coalition
Young People Drinking Young People Drinking AlcoholAlcohol
““Underage Drinking”Underage Drinking” Minimum Legal Drinking Age LawsMinimum Legal Drinking Age Laws
Brief History of Drinking Age Brief History of Drinking Age LawsLaws
When prohibition was repealed by When prohibition was repealed by the 21st amendment in 1933, every the 21st amendment in 1933, every state except New York and Louisiana state except New York and Louisiana established laws setting the established laws setting the minimum age for alcohol use at 21. minimum age for alcohol use at 21.
Brief History of Drinking Age Brief History of Drinking Age LawsLaws
When the 26th amendment lowered When the 26th amendment lowered the Federal voting age to 18 in 1971, the Federal voting age to 18 in 1971, most states lowered the age of most states lowered the age of majority from 21 to 18 and with it, majority from 21 to 18 and with it, the legal drinking age. the legal drinking age.
Brief History of Drinking Age Brief History of Drinking Age LawsLaws
By 1976 the highway death rates for By 1976 the highway death rates for 18 to 21 year olds had skyrocketed, 18 to 21 year olds had skyrocketed, and states began to return the legal and states began to return the legal age to 21. age to 21.
New York increased the legal drinking New York increased the legal drinking age from 18 to 19 in 1982 and from 19 age from 18 to 19 in 1982 and from 19 to 21 in 1985. to 21 in 1985.
All States have had 21 laws since 1988All States have had 21 laws since 1988
Underage DrinkingUnderage Drinking Part of Substance Abuse IssuePart of Substance Abuse Issue
Illegal for those under 21Illegal for those under 21 Causes a variety of problemCauses a variety of problem
PhysicalPhysical SocialSocial LegalLegal DevelopmentalDevelopmental
NIAAA…“Underage alcohol use is more likely to NIAAA…“Underage alcohol use is more likely to kill young people than all illegal drugs kill young people than all illegal drugs combined.” combined.”
Underage DrinkingUnderage Drinking Different than other type of Different than other type of
Substance Abuse IssueSubstance Abuse Issue Legal for those 21 or olderLegal for those 21 or older Socially accepted (by some/for some)Socially accepted (by some/for some) Right of passageRight of passage Norms/TraditionsNorms/Traditions Marketed by alcohol industryMarketed by alcohol industry
Marketing AlcoholMarketing Alcohol
Underage youth, ages 2 to 20, saw almost 33% more Underage youth, ages 2 to 20, saw almost 33% more alcohol ads on television in 2004 than they did in alcohol ads on television in 2004 than they did in 2001.2001.
Children, ages 2 to 11, saw 123.2 ads per child per Children, ages 2 to 11, saw 123.2 ads per child per year. year.
Youth ages 12 to 20, saw 275.6 ads per youth per Youth ages 12 to 20, saw 275.6 ads per youth per year.year.
P.M. Ippolito, "TV Advertising to Children, 1977 v. 2004" (PowerPoint presented at the FTC workshop on Marketing, Self-Regulation and P.M. Ippolito, "TV Advertising to Children, 1977 v. 2004" (PowerPoint presented at the FTC workshop on Marketing, Self-Regulation and Childhood Obesity, Washington, DC, July 14, 2005). Available at Childhood Obesity, Washington, DC, July 14, 2005). Available at www.ftc.govwww.ftc.gov (cited 16 Dec 2005). (cited 16 Dec 2005).
SubtleSubtle
Not-So-SubtleNot-So-Subtle
Young People Are Physically Young People Are Physically VulnerableVulnerable
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) says that, and Alcoholism (NIAAA) says that, “adolescents are vulnerable to alcohol–“adolescents are vulnerable to alcohol–induced brain damage, which could induced brain damage, which could contribute to poor performance at contribute to poor performance at school or work. In addition, youthful school or work. In addition, youthful drinking is associated with an increased drinking is associated with an increased likelihood of developing alcohol abuse likelihood of developing alcohol abuse or dependence later in life.” or dependence later in life.”
Alcohol Fact or FictionAlcohol Fact or FictionEveryone DrinksEveryone Drinks
Alcohol FactsAlcohol Facts Everyone DrinksEveryone Drinks
One in three adults is a non-drinkerOne in three adults is a non-drinker Most drink less than 2 drinks/dayMost drink less than 2 drinks/day Most never exceed four drinks on any Most never exceed four drinks on any
occasionoccasion Five percent of the population drinks Five percent of the population drinks
more than half all alcohol soldmore than half all alcohol sold
Alcohol Fact or FictionAlcohol Fact or Fiction Kids should be taught to drink Kids should be taught to drink
responsiblyresponsibly
Alcohol FactsAlcohol Facts Kids should be taught to drink Kids should be taught to drink
responsiblyresponsibly Responsible illegal behavior?Responsible illegal behavior? Children of parents with this attitude are Children of parents with this attitude are
three times more likely to develop an three times more likely to develop an alcohol problemalcohol problem
Children of parents with this attitude are Children of parents with this attitude are three times more likely to develop other three times more likely to develop other drug problemsdrug problems
Alcohol FactsAlcohol Facts Kids should be taught to drink Kids should be taught to drink
responsiblyresponsibly Children of alcoholics have significant Children of alcoholics have significant
predispositionpredisposition One of seven people who drink will One of seven people who drink will
develop a problemdevelop a problem Age of first drink is major predictor of Age of first drink is major predictor of
problem drinkingproblem drinking
Alcohol Fact or FictionAlcohol Fact or Fiction The Forbidden Fruit TheoryThe Forbidden Fruit Theory
Forbidding it will make them Forbidding it will make them want to use it morewant to use it more
Alcohol FactsAlcohol Facts The Forbidden Fruit TheoryThe Forbidden Fruit Theory
All evidence is to the oppositeAll evidence is to the opposite Law resulted in dramatic decreases in Law resulted in dramatic decreases in
most alcohol related problemsmost alcohol related problems Look at adultsLook at adults
Alcohol is legal – public health disasterAlcohol is legal – public health disaster Illegal drugs are used at a fraction of the Illegal drugs are used at a fraction of the
rate of alcoholrate of alcohol
Alcohol FactsAlcohol FactsA survey of Allegany County students A survey of Allegany County students
conducted in 2007 by PPAC found:conducted in 2007 by PPAC found:
10 percent of 8th graders said they 10 percent of 8th graders said they consumed alcohol at least once in the consumed alcohol at least once in the month prior to the survey.month prior to the survey.
32 percent of 10th graders said they 32 percent of 10th graders said they consumed alcohol at least once in the consumed alcohol at least once in the month prior to the survey. month prior to the survey.
Alcohol FactsAlcohol Facts
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
Substance
Allegany County 10th Grade Used in Past 30 Days
Alohol
Marijuana
Other Drugs
Alcohol FactsAlcohol Facts Nearly one out of ten 10th grade Nearly one out of ten 10th grade
students said they drank on five or students said they drank on five or more days a month.more days a month.
More than 17 percent said they had More than 17 percent said they had consumed five or more drinks on at consumed five or more drinks on at least one occasion in the past month.least one occasion in the past month.
Alcohol FactsAlcohol Facts
Over 44 percent of 10th graders in Over 44 percent of 10th graders in the survey said alcohol was easy to the survey said alcohol was easy to get.get.
Alcohol FactsAlcohol Facts High school students beliefs about parent High school students beliefs about parent
attitudesattitudes
93% of 10th graders believe their 93% of 10th graders believe their parents think young people using parents think young people using marijuana is “very wrong,”marijuana is “very wrong,”
92% believed their parents think 92% believed their parents think smoking cigarettes is “very wrong” smoking cigarettes is “very wrong”
only 71% think their parents only 71% think their parents disapprove of them drinking alcohol.disapprove of them drinking alcohol.
Are they correct?Are they correct?
Alcohol FactsAlcohol FactsParent SurveyParent Survey
When asked about their attitude toward When asked about their attitude toward their child’s use of marijuana or other their child’s use of marijuana or other illegal drugs, more than 95% of Allegany illegal drugs, more than 95% of Allegany County parents said they hoped their child County parents said they hoped their child would “never use” these substances. would “never use” these substances.
However, more than a third of parents said However, more than a third of parents said their children should be allowed to drink or their children should be allowed to drink or be taught to drink before they are 21. be taught to drink before they are 21.
Alcohol FactsAlcohol FactsRemember…Remember…
Children of parents with permissive Children of parents with permissive attitudes about alcohol are three times attitudes about alcohol are three times more likely to develop an alcohol more likely to develop an alcohol problemproblem
Children of parents with these attitudes Children of parents with these attitudes are three times more likely to develop are three times more likely to develop other drug problemsother drug problems
What Can We Do?What Can We Do? Supply ReductionSupply Reduction
Retail outletsRetail outlets ParentsParents
Expect/demand complianceExpect/demand compliance Make expectation clearMake expectation clear Know where, when and with whomKnow where, when and with whom Control accessControl access Set exampleSet example
What Can We Do?What Can We Do? Demand ReductionDemand Reduction
Perceived harmPerceived harm Social normsSocial norms Risk and Protective FactorsRisk and Protective Factors
Risk and Protective FactorsRisk and Protective Factors Basis for prevention strategies and Basis for prevention strategies and
most funding programs.most funding programs. Risk factors-predict substance abuse Risk factors-predict substance abuse
and other problems.and other problems. Protective factors-predict lower Protective factors-predict lower
chance of problems.chance of problems.
Major Risk and Protective Major Risk and Protective Factors Factors
in Allegany Countyin Allegany County Sensation SeekingSensation Seeking Community DisorganizationCommunity Disorganization Lack of Opportunity for Prosocial Lack of Opportunity for Prosocial
Activity in the FamilyActivity in the Family Lack of Rewards for Prosocial Lack of Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement in the CommunityInvolvement in the Community
Risk and Protective FactorsRisk and Protective FactorsIn Allegany CountyIn Allegany County
Sensation Seeking – Sensation Seeking – 21.2% of Middle School Students21.2% of Middle School Students 32.3% of High School Students32.3% of High School Students
Sensation Seekers-Sensation Seekers- Drink 2.5 times moreDrink 2.5 times more More likely to use other drugsMore likely to use other drugs More likely to be depressedMore likely to be depressed More likely to injure themselvesMore likely to injure themselves
Science-based PreventionScience-based Prevention Proven to reduce risk factorsProven to reduce risk factors Proven to increase protective factorsProven to increase protective factors
Science-based PreventionScience-based Prevention Prevention Partners in Allegany CountyPrevention Partners in Allegany County
Community CoalitionCommunity Coalition Comprehensive Prevention PlanComprehensive Prevention Plan Drug Free Community GrantDrug Free Community Grant
Allegany Council on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Allegany Council on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse (ACASA)(ACASA)
Get InvolvedGet Involved Sign up for Sector WorkgroupSign up for Sector Workgroup Work with one of local groupsWork with one of local groups
Thank YouThank You
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