TopQuadrant Semantic Web and FEA
© Copyright 2001-2005, TopQuadrant Inc.
The information in this presentation is proprietary to TopQuadrant and should not be duplicated, used or disclosed without permission.
The Semantic Web and the Federal Enterprise Architecture
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 2
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For Humans: Who is using what business systems to do what? Who is using what technologies and products to do what? Where components are being re-used or could be re-used? Who can we partner with at our agency and other
agencies? How is our agency architecture aligned with the FEA? How new technologies (ie; XML, Web, Security) are being
taken up at our agency and at other agencies? Are they mature enough for e-government?
What systems and business processes will be affected if we upgrade a software package?
…
For applications: Using an SOA, it can provide “An Active Enterprise
Architecture”, that is “Consultable” “Executable”
What is Enterprise Architecture for? Answering questions
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 3
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Semantic Enterprise Architecture Environments: Lifting the “lid on the enterprise”
Enterprise Architecture is a “System of
Systems”
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 4
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A Problem Statement
Over 150 executive agencies are supporting information initiatives: some for internal use, some for direct service to citizens.
Many of them are doing very similar things, but calling it by different names.
How can we get the whole government to work as if it were a coordinated unit, rather than 450 different approaches?
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 5
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Federal Enterprise Architecture – Reference Model
What is a “Reference Model”?
A basic model for something (system, architecture, whatever)
When someone builds their own (system, architecture, whatever) they extend the reference model
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 6
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Reference Models we know and love
OSI – Open Systems Interconnection (networking)
RM-ODP – Open Distributed Processing
OAIS – Open Archival Information Systems
CIDOC – Cultural Heritage (Museums)
DERM – “Digital Earth” – geospatial information
OGC – Geospatial information
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 7
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FEA high level view
Business Reference Model (BRM)• Lines of Business• Agencies, Customers, Partners
Service Component Reference Model (SRM)• Service Layers, Service Types• Components, Access and Delivery Channels
Technical Reference Model (TRM)• Service Component Interfaces, Interoperability• Technologies, Recommendations
Data Reference Model (DRM)• Business-focused data standardization • Cross-Agency Information exchanges
Performance Reference Model (PRM)
• Government-wide Performance Measures & Outcomes• Line of Business-Specific Performance Measures & Outcomes
Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA)
Busin
ess-D
riven A
ppro
ach
(Citize
n-C
ente
red Fo
cus)
Com
ponent-B
ase
d A
rchite
cture
s
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 8
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English (describe the model and how to extend it)
Diagrams
XML (DTD, XSD, etc.) RDF/S
OWL
How are reference models expressed?
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 9
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Why use RDF for an Reference Model?
Flexible, expressive models
Extensible in many different ways
Compatible with well-known modeling paradigms (e.g., OO)
Declarative expression of models for re-use
General graph modeling
Graph merging is a primitive operation
RDFS provides frame structure
OWL Description Logic
RM Requirements RDF Features
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 10
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FEA Reference Models – at a glance
PRM
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 11
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FEA Reference Models – at a glance
BRM
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FEA Reference Models – at a glance
SRM
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 13
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FEA Reference Models – at a glance
TRM
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 14
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FEA is More Than a Set of Simple Taxonomies
From FEA SRM v.1.0 – Use case, page 28
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 15
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Our FEA RMO (Reference Model Ontologies) Work
A modular framework: FEA Core FEA BRM FEA PRM FEA SRM FEA TRM FEA DRM BRM – PRM Bridge
Agency extensions: Agency template DoD extensions (connections to DODAF) FAA extensions
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 16
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Competency Questions for FEA RM O
What are the Measurement Areas for the PRM? What are the Business Areas for the BRM? What are the Service Domains for the SRM? What are the Service Areas for the TRM?
For a given Measurement Areas, what are the Measurement Categories?
…
For a given Line of Business, what Business Area is it in? …
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 17
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Competency Questions for FEA RMO
This isn’t as easy as it sounds . . . From the PRM:
[in the context of the Mission and Business Results Measurement Area] More specifically, the PRM’s Measurement Categories are the same as the BRM’s Business Areas and Lines of Business. The Generic Measurement Indicators of the PRM are the same as the Sub-functions of the BRM
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 18
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Competency Questions for FEA RMO
Questions about technology initiatives, components, products, etc.
What Measurement Area measures the performance of some technology product?
In what Service Standard or Specification is a product classified in?
What Service Specifications are in a particular Service Category? …
What components support this business area? What Access Channels are used by this component? What are other similar components? (defined by the
OMB directions as components that belong in the same SRM category, support the same business subfunctions, use the same technology, use the same generic measurement indicators, etc)
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 19
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Competency Questions become Modeling Requirements
Entities in the model (business areas, service specifications, etc.) are sometimes used: as classes
“which access channel is used for this component?” – there is a set of service specifications that are access channels – Web service, Blackberry, Internet Explorer, etc.
and sometimes as instances “access channels is one of service categories”
Parts of one model (namely, BRM) are re-used in another model (PRM)
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 20
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Modeling Requirements become Model Constructs (in OWL)
Parts of one model (namely, BRM) are re-used in another model (PRM)
[in the context of the Mission and Business Results Measurement Area] More specifically, the PRM’s Measurement Categories are the same as the BRM’s Business Areas and Lines of Business. The Generic Measurement Indicators of the PRM are the same as the Sub-functions of the BRM
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 21
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Modeling Requirements become Model Constructs (in OWL)
More specifically, the PRM’s Measurement Categories are the same as the BRM’s Lines of Business.
subClassOf
rdf:type
??
brm:ManagementOfGovernmentResources
brm:LineOfBusiness
brm:ServiceForCitizens
brm:SupportDeliveryOfServices
brm:LineOfBusinessMeasurementCategory
prm:MeasurementCategory
subClassOf
HumanResourceMgmt
IncomeSecurity
RevenueCollection
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
HumanResourceMgmt
IncomeSecurity
RevenueCollection
subClassOf
SupplyChainMgmt
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 22
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Modeling Requirements become Model Constructs (in OWL)
Entities in the model are sometimes used as classes and sometimes
as instances
prm:MeasurementArea prm:MeasurementCategory
prm:CustomerResultsMsmtCatCustomerResults
ServiceCoverage
ServiceQuality
ServiceAccessibility
CustomerBenefit
rdf:type
Timeliness
rdf:type rdfs:subClassOf
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 23
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Modeling Requirements become Model Constructs (in OWL)
Entities in the model are sometimes used as classes and sometimes
as instances
prm:MeasurementArea prm:MeasurementCategory
CustomerResults
ServiceCoverage
ServiceQuality
ServiceAccessibility
CustomerBenefit
rdf:type
Timeliness
rdf:type rdfs:subClassOf
NOT OWL-DL COMPLIANT
Solution 1: combine instance and class as a
single entity.
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 24
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Modeling Requirements become Model Constructs (in OWL)
Entities in the model are sometimes used as classes and sometimes
as instances
prm:MeasurementArea prm:MeasurementCategory
prm:CustomerResultsMsmtCatCustomerResults
ServiceCoverage
ServiceQuality
ServiceAccessibility
CustomerBenefit
rdf:type
Timeliness
rdf:type rdfs:subClassOf
Solution 2. Link class and instance
together with a Restriction
comprises
comprises
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 25
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Modeling Patterns
Why all this work?
Can’t we just put all the entities into a tree?
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 26
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The Whole Model – Tree of Instances, Organized in Parallel Classes
CustomerResults
ServiceCoverage
ServiceQuality
ServiceAccessibility
CustomerBenefit
Timeliness
comprises
Quality
Reliability
Info and Data
Financial
Efficiency
DeliveryTime
ResponseTime
Access
Automation
Integration
Availability
ITComposition
Functionality
Compliance
rdf:type
prm:MeasurementAreaprm:MeasurementCategory
prm:CustomerResultsMsmtCat rdf:type
rdf:type
rdfs:subClassOf
prm:TechnologyMsmtCat rdf:type
prm:MeasurementIndicator
prm:Timeliness
ServiceAccessibility
rdf:type
ServiceAccessibility
rdf:type
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 27
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FEA Ontologies in SWOOP
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 28
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FEA-RMO Lessons
Good natural language Reference Models help ontology development
Modeling Principles and Patterns are key – often evolve iteratively
Modular Architecture benefits concurrent lifecycle management
OWL works and reasoning pays off in generic code
Semantic Applications can be built quickly
TopQuadrant Semantic Web and FEA
© Copyright 2001-2005, TopQuadrant Inc.
The information in this presentation is proprietary to TopQuadrant and should not be duplicated, used or disclosed without permission.
TopQuadrant FEA REGISTRY - A SEMANTIC WEB APPLICATION
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 30
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FEA Registry – semantic application
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 31
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Ontology-Based EA Registry: TopSCAPE-EAFEA and DOD extensions
Select either FEA Ontology or Agency-Specific Ontologies
Service specifications with links to more details
Search over all models for concepts
Demonstration at www.topquadrant.com/EAworld/index.htm
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 32
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TopSCAPE-EA:Search Example – “Quality”
Search results show FEA path
Demonstration at www.topquadrant.com/EAworld/index.htm
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 33
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TopSCAPE-EAExample of DOD extensions to FEA
Agency-specific extensions shown “green”
Hot links to TRM areas
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 34
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TopSCAPE-EAExample of DOD extensions to FEA (cont.)
Replacements as well as additions are shown
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 35
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EA Analyst – Extension Report
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EA Analyst – Comparing two extensions
One agency makes a replacement where another agency does not
Two agencies make different replacements
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 37
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Mapping Components to the FEA Models - 1
Available elements from merged reference models
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 38
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EA Analyst – Initiatives Report
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 39
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Federal Enterprise Architecture – now and future
EA reference expressed in prose
Additions/replacements made as documents
Electronic access follows prose presentation (human intervention)
EA reference expressed as model
Additions/replacements made in model
Both electronic and prose follows model
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 40
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Beyond Enterprise Architecture
Reference models have been around for a while (OSI, RM-ODP, etc.)
NetworkingDistributed ProcessingGeospatial dataCultural heritageArchiving WorkfloweLearningSupply chain operations
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 41
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Example of Exporting OWL: FAA
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
- <rdf:RDF xmlns:fea="http://www.osera.gov/owl/2004/11/fea/fea#" xmlns:srm="http://www.osera.gov/owl/2004/11/fea/srm#" xmlns:ns1="http://www.topquadrant.com/owl/2005/03/fea/faasrm#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#">
- <owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://www.topquadrant.com/owl/2005/03/fea/faasrm">
<owl:imports rdf:resource="http://www.osera.gov/owl/2004/11/fea/srm" />
</owl:Ontology>
- <srm:BusinessComponentSystem rdf:about="http://www.topquadrant.com/owl/2005/03/fea/faasrm#AirTrafficCRU-X_System">
<fea:mnemonic rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">CRU-X</fea:mnemonic>
<srm:realizes rdf:resource="http://www.osera.gov/owl/2004/11/fea/srm#TimeReporting" />
<srm:usedBy rdf:resource="http://www.osera.gov/owl/2004/11/fea/brm#FederalAviationAdministration" />
<ns1:hasDeploymentStatus rdf:resource="http://www.topquadrant.com/owl/2005/03/fea/faasrm#CommissionedInitalDeployment" />
<rdfs:label rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Air Traffic CRU-X System</rdfs:label>
</srm:BusinessComponentSystem>
…
…
TopQuadrant Semantic Web and FEA
© Copyright 2001-2005, TopQuadrant Inc.
The information in this presentation is proprietary to TopQuadrant and should not be duplicated, used or disclosed without permission.
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 43
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Semantic FEA Solutions:OMB and Agency Budget Proposal System
Pro
po
sed
Bu
sin
ess
Ca
se
Sco
pe V
alid
ate
A
ssess
FEA Reference Models•feedback re. quality
•feedback re. use•feedback re. relevancefor strategic planning,
capital planning,& risk management
Metrics
Recommendations for improvement and
partnering
Ontology-Based Budget
ProposalRepository
Validate Value Proposition
C. Potential for reuse of Technologies and Components
A. Business Area and LOB supported?
B. Number of proposals with same capabilities?
Budget Proposal Assessment
FEA
Onto
logy-B
ase
d Im
port
D. Synergies for partnering
Adapted from: Dr. Michael J. Kurtz, “The Role of Electronic Records Management in Implementing eGovernment: Electronic Records and the Federal Enterprise Architecture”, NARA, 4/15/04
Assessment down from 3 months to 7 weeks
Re-submit period up from 1 week to 6 weeks - allowing time for collaborations to be negotiated
© Copyright 2001-2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “TopMIND Training - Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”, slide 44
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Semantic EA Solutions:IT Governance
TopSCAPE-ITG
Web-Services
Web Services
Active ModelsCC
FEA, BEA Models
Government Agencies
Analytics Engine
Web
Web-Services
Business Cases
Partnerships and Projects
OW
L
OW
L
OW
L
OW
LA
naly
tics
Bro
kerCCCC
Rules and Policies
Capabilities and
ComponentsComponent Registries
Forms and Documents
OW
L
IT G
overn
ance
D
ash
board
CC
Deci
sion
Su
pport
Advis
or
Dynam
ic F
orm
s B
roker
CC
Busi
ness
Case
C
onst
ruct
or
CC
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