ED 052 327
AUTHORTITLEINSTITUTION
SPONS AGENCY
BUREAU NOPUB DATECONTRACTNOTEAVAILABLE FRCM
EDRS PRICEDESCTIPTONS
ABSTRACT
DOCUMENT hESUME
08 VT 013 122
Eichards, F. L.
Outlines of Courses in Ornamental Horticulture.PennE.ilvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. ofAgricultural Education.Office of education (DHEW) , Washington, C.C. riv. ofAdult and Vocational Research.BR-5-002271OEC-5-85-01455p.Pennsylvania State University, U-Lversity Park, Pa.16802, Department of Agricultural Education ($1.00)
EDRS Price ME-$0.65 HC-2:3.29*Agricultural Education, *Curriculum Guides, HighSchools, Landscaping, Nurseries (Horticulture),*Ornamental Horticulture, *Post Secondary Education,*Technical Education, Turf Management
Intended to suggest subject matter content ofcourses or programs in ornamental horticulture for high school andpostsecondary vocational-technical programs, this curriculum guidewas prepared by staff members of the Agricultural EducationDepartment at the Pennsylvania State University, and tested in aworkshop with vocational agriculture teachers. Contents are: (1)
Outlines of Courses in Ornamental Horticulture, (2) OrnamentalHorticulture Programs for Grades 10, 11, and 12, (3) NurseryProduction, (4) Greenhouse Crop Production, (5) LandscapeContracting, (6) Retail Flower Shop Operation and Management, (7)
Turfgrass Maintenance and Establishment, (8) Retail Garden StoreOperations, (9) Arboriculture, and (.0) Horticultural Mechanics. Thecontent is presented in outline form under each topic, and isapplicable to the United States and lover Canada. (GB)
- iN cry
Outlines of Courses inOrnamental Horticulture
4 ys
LI S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFAREOFFICE OF EDUCATION
1PHS DOCTAIHNT HAS MN REPRODIKED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM1,E PERSON CR ORGANIZATION UFIGiNATIAG II POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OF FILIAL OFT,CE CF ECUCATION POSITION OR POLICY
The Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Agriculture
Agricultural Experiment Station(\l Department of Agricultural Education
University Park, Pennsylvania 168021.4
Teacher Education SeriesVolume 12, Number 1
1971
PREFACE
The primary purpose of this publication is to suggest subject matter
content of courses in ornamental horticulture wh'.ch might ba offered in
high school and post-high school vocational-technical programs. A secondary
purpose of the publication is to suggest ways in which courses might be
organized into programs. Schools having or planning occupational courses
in floriculture, nursery or greenhouse production, landscaping, and turf-
grass management will find this booklet useful in comparing course content
planned or taught with the courses outlined herein.
The research raportad herein was performed pursuant to a contract withthe Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare. Ccntractors undertaking such projects under Government sponsor-ship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgment in theconduct of the project. Points of view or opinions stated do not, there-fore, neces,,arily represent official Office of Education position orpolicy.
2
3
MEMO ANDUMTO: The ERIC Cleariinlionsc on Vocational and Technical Education
The Ohio State tniversity960 Fsinnear RoadColtrribus, Ohio 43212
FROM: (Person) Samuel M. Otirtif: (Agency) De_atQi_tglicuituun_EAucation
(Address) Pennsyl van ta 1;1_'1ts P.3r.1.., PA 16 02
DATE: April 29, 397i
(Author, Title, Publisher, Date) Richards. 1:- Mcflay,_____
RE,__Slisam.__Olttlirss 0 ' O0'1Ug.5_-tD-Orilanluit-a_bior ti cu Iure, Teacher
EducAli9t1_51,__12. No, 1,_1971,_Dept_..of 4g, FRI,___Ecorka.5t, U.,
Supeplementay Information on Instructional Material University Park, PA16802
Provide information below which is not included in the publication. Mark N/Ain each blank for which information is not available or not applicable. MarkP when information is included in the publication. See reverse side for furtherinstructions.
(1) Source of Available Copies:Agency Depar_tvent__af 4grieuJtural lineationAddress Pennsy]vania State University, Univers_y Park, PA 16802Limitation on Available Copies None Price/Unit $1.00
(quantity prices) None
(2) Means Used to Develop Material:Development Croup Teacher EducatorsLevel of Group SlateMethod of Design, Testing, and TrialL.2Aignd by teacher educatorb___tested in workshop, with 12 vocational agriculture teachers
(3) Utilization of Material:Appropriate School Setting /Ugh School and Post High SchoolType of Program Vocational AgricultureOccupational Focus Ornamental HorticultureGeographic Adaptability, Contiguous United States, Lower CanadaUses of Mat arial__Lourse_PreparationUsers of Material_Tru=kanKI_Agx_isultijse Teachers Administrators
Teacher Educators(4) Requirements for Using Material:
Teacher Competency, teacherpf ornamental ItaalUlture nigh School levelStudent Selection Criteria iWil_diclica_andIost High School
Time Allotment
Supplemental Media --Necessary_Desirable_
(Check Which)
Describe
Source (agency)(addrers)
re\r\i1.11OLL./
INTRODUCTORY STATEML.NT
Outlines of Courses in Ornamental Horticulture, is one of a series
of instructional aids being prepared and edited by the Department of
Agricultural Education through a ccntractual agreement between The
Pennsylvania State University and the United States Office of Eancation,
Division of Adult and Vocational Research.
This publication was prepared and edited by the following staff
members of the Department of Agricultural Education, College of. Agri-
culture, The Pennsylvania State University: Freddie I. Richards,
Graduate Assistant; David R. McClay, Professor; and Richard F. Stinson,
Associate Professor.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I Outlines of Courses in Ornamental Horticulture 1
Introduction 1
Program Organization 2
II Ornamental Horticulture Program for Grades 10, 11, and 12 . 9
Grade 10 - Introduction to Ornamental Horticulture 9
Grade 11 - Nursery Production and Landscaping Option . 9
Grade 12 - Nursery Production and Landscaping Option . . . 10Grade 11 - Floriculture Option 11
Grade 12 - Floriculture Option 12
Grade 11 - Turf Maintenance OptionGrade 12 - Turf Maintenance Option 13
III Nursery Production 17
Kinds of Nurseries 17
Occupations in Nursery Production 17
The Physical Plant 18
Dow Nursery Plants Grow 19
Propagation of Nursery Stock 19
Growing Nursery Stock in the Field 19
Growing Nursery Stock in Containers 20
Marketing 20
Nursery Calendar of Operations 20
Understanding Management 2]
IV Greenhouse Crop Production 23
Occupational Opportunities in Greenhouse Crop Production . 23
Greenhouse Location, Structures, and Equipment 23
Environmental Control 24Potted Plant Productior 24Cut Flower Production 26Vegetable Production 26
V Landscape Contracting 29Part One - Landscape Maintenance and Establishment 29Occupational Opportunities in Landscape Horticulture 29Landscape Maintenance 29Landscape Establishment 30
part Two - Landscape Design 31
Occupational Opportunities in Landscape Design 31
Importance of Landscaping 31Analysis of Landscape Requirements 31
Ideas for Solving Landscape Problems 32
Structures and Plants 33
Estimating Landscape Cost 33
Page
IV Retail Flower Shop Operation and Management 35
Exploring Occupational Opportunities in the RetailFlower Business 35
Uses and Characteristics of Flowers, Plants, andDecorative Materials 35
Designing with Flowers and Decorative Materials 36Using Flower Arrangements 31
Merchandising and Selling 37
Retail Flower Shop Management 37
VII Turfgrass Maintenance and Establishment 39
Exploring Job Opportunities in Turfgrass Businesses 39
Kinds of Turfgrasses and Their Use 39
Maintaining Residential and Institutional Lawns 40Maintaining Athletic Fields and Special Turf Areas 41
Maintaining Golf Courses 42
Planning and Establishing New Turfgrass Areas 42
VIII Retail Garden Store Operations 45
Quilifications and Occupational Opportunities in RetailCarden Store Operations 45
The Marketing System 45Retail Garden Store Facilities and Equipment 46Idrntity and Use of Products Sold 46Garden Store Services 46Stocking and Selling '.6
Understanding Management 47Garden Store Manpower Neels 1,7
IX Arboriculture 49
Occupational Opportunities in Arboriculture 49How Trees Grow 49Scil and Tree Growth 49
Application of Fertilizer to Trees 50
Selection of Trees Species for Landscape Use 50Tree Propagation 50
Tree Nursery Operations 50
Planting Trees . 50
Tree Maintenance Equipment 51
Tree Climbing 51
Tree Surgery 51
Diagnosis and Treatment of Unhealthy Trees 51
Personnel Relaticas 51
X Horticultural Mechanics 53
Safety 53Small Engines 53
Agriculture Tractors and Nursery Related Implements 53
Trucks, Pick-up Trucks, and Forklifts 53
Page
Construction 53
Hydraulic Systems and Controls 54
Arc and Gas Welding 54
Plumbing 54
Irrigation and Sprinkling 54
Spraying and Spreading Equipment 54
Steam Generators 54
Electricity 54
Mechanically Controlling Artificial Plant Environments 55
Tree Tools 55
Grass Cutting Equipment 55
Air Compressors and Pneumatic Powered Equipment 55
OUTLINES OF COURSES INORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
In
In establishing an educational program in ornamental horticulture,
the school or institution should consider the employment opportunities
in the field both locally and in nearby communities for the youth and
adults who complete the program. The majors, options, or courses offered
should be those areas of ornamental horticulture in which the greatest
opportunities for employment are found.
Educational programs that prepare for occupations in ornamental
horticulture will vary in (1) options or courses taught, (2) length,
(3) grade level offered, (4) facilities available for teaching, (5) teacher
competence, (6) student quality, and (7) enrollment. However, it is
hoped this publication will be useful in providing ideas for teachers and
others responsible for courses and programs.
For clarity of understanding in this publication, the one or more
courses in ornamental horticulture offered in a school are identified
here as the school's program in ornamental horticulture. School pro-
grams in ornamental horticulture have been growing in increasing numbers
in the nation in recent years,
Courses most often span one semester or one year in length. The
courses most often found in ornamental horticulture programs are:
1. Nursery Production
2. Greenhouse Production
3. Landscape Contracting
4. Retail Floriculture
5. Turfgrass Maintenance
b. Garden Store Operation
7. Arboriculture
Seldom does a single school program include all seven of the courses
listed above. Courses in Garden Store Operation and Arboriculture are
found less frequently than the others listed.
School programs that have only one teacher obviously have less
flexibility than programs with two or three teachers. Programs usually
are offered for grades 11 and 12 in high school, but programs spanning
- 2 -
three grades are common. In some of the larger cities of the nation,
ornamental horticulture programs are offered in rhe r'_emertary ano junior
high school grades. At the post-high school level in universities,
community and junior colleges, and in technical sC,00ls, programs are
offered which usually span rwo school years and often lead to an
associate degree.
In the types of programs discussed later in ties publication,
emphasis is given to the vocational or occupation.11 phase of a student's
curriculum, P. discussion of tha "academic" courses which make up an
important part of the curriculum is omitted,
Program Organization
The school's ornamental horticulture program might be organized
in many ways. Courses could snan a semester, one year, or longer.
Students in a grade could be taught as a class or combined with another
grade or grades depending upon the local situation.
Some examples of frequently found types of program organization
for ornamental horticulture follow:
X
School Program A (Grades 11 and 12)
Fall Semester Sarin_ Semester
Principles ofPlant Growth
LandscapeContracting
GreenhouseProduction
RetailHorticulture
A school wit" one horticulture teacher could offer this program at
least two different ways;
(1) Teach program "X" to 11th grade students in the morning each
day during the year and teach program "YR to 12th grade students
in the afternoon each day during the year.
(2) Combine both grades and teach program "X" during even years and
program "Y" during odd years.
Even years
Odd years
- 3 -
School Program B (Grades 11 and 12)
Fall Semester Spring Semester
Landscape Design Landscape Establishmentand Maintenance
Greenhouse ProductionNursery Production
Program. B suggests that semester length courses be taught in even
years and two different courses, each spanning the full school year
be taught during odd years. The options for teaching the courses listed
under school Program A would also apply to 'rogram B.
Schools with greenhouses and ornamental nurseries will need to
maintain reasonable production schedules and management practices during
the 'off years" or duriLig semesters when the courses taught make only
very limited use of the greenhouse and nursery facilities.
A school may select the type of program organization shown in
School Program C which follows. In this type of organization, portions
of subject matter content in ornamental horticulture are taught each
year and often each semester. This "cross-section" approach has some
advantages over other plans of program organization; however, it usually
requires more teacher planning than do other types.
11)
- 4 -
School Program C_(Grades 10,11, 12)
First Year
1st Semester
(1st nine weeks)Orientation to A Jicultere ProgramPoinsettia ProductionIdentification of Deciduous TreesTurfgrass EstablishmentSteam Sterilizat'.onOperation of Equipment and Safety
(2nd nine weeks)Carnation ProductionPlant PropagationChristmas DecorationPreparing Materials for MarketCut Flower Preparation and CareCut Mum ProductionSupervised Occupational Experience
Second Year
1st Semester
(1st nine weeks)OrientationPot MumsDried ArrangementsIdentification of Evergreen TreesTree MaintenanceNursery Planning and Operation
(2nd nine wee,:')
Foliage Plant ProductionLiliesDish GardensPermanent ArrangementsSoil Science (Testing Soil)Retail SellingSupervised Occupational Experience
11
2nd Semester
(3rd nine weeks)Rules of DesigningBasic DesignsBedding Plant ProductionMerchandising (Displays)Small Engine MechanicsGeneral Greenhouse CultureCenterpieces
(4th nine weeks)Bedding Plant ProductionIdentification of Deciduous
ShrubsCorsage ConstructionGarden Center OperationPlanting Landscape MaterialBed Production of NurseryMaterial
Supervised OccupationalExperience
2nd Semester
(3rd nine weeks)AzaleasEaster LiliesGreenhouse Constru-,tionDisplay with Foliage PlantsSpring Arrangements
(4th nine weeks)Bedding PlantsIdentification of Evergreen
ShrubsGround CoversTurfgrass MaintenanceAthletic FieldsFertilizing Shrubs and TreesSupervised Occupational
Experience
- 5 -
Third Year
1st Semester
(1st nine weeks)OrientationPot RusesSnapdragonsPruning and ShearingConservationPersonnel Relations
(2nd nine weeks)
Cut RosesPes' Control in the GreenhouseFuneral DesignsRecreation (Park Maintenance, etc.)Landscape DesignSupervised Occupational Experience
2nd Semester
(3rd nine weeks)
Hydrangea ForcingWedding DesignsChurch ArrangementsLandscape Design PracticeMarketing Horticultural
Products
(4th nine weeks)Bedding PlantsPutting Green and TeeMaintenance
Disease, Insect, WeedControl (shrubs and trees)
Field LinersGrounds MaintenanceSupervised Occupational
Experience
Program C provides time at the beginning of each year for limited
orientation of the new students enrolled in the program for the first
time. The program should also provide fur the organization of a youth
club of students enrolled such as the FFA, Horticulture Club, etc.
1"
- 6 -
Schools which have two teachers might offer a program like the one
which follows. For illustrative purposes, it is assumed the school':.
ornamental horticulture facilities include two classrooms, greenhouse,
headhouse, horticultural shop, and a land laboratory of several acres
which contains a nursery and turf plots. It is also assumed that each
student is assigned to ornamental horticulture classes for one-half day
each day of the s '-hoof year. In this example, four options or majors are
offered, each spanning one school year. A student enrolled could complete
one option per year.
School Program D (Grades 11 and 121
1st Year - Fall Semester
Teacher Class Option and Emphasis
A a.m. Landscape Contractingp.m. (Design)
a.m. Turfgrass Maintenancep.m. (Establishment of Turf)
1st Year - Spring Semester
A a.m. Landscape Contractingp.m. (Installation)
B a.m. Turfgrass Maintenancep.m. Maintenance of Turf)
- 7 -
2nd Year - Fall Semester
Teacher Class Option and Emphasis
A a.m. Retail Floriculturep. (Design)
B a.m. Nursery Productionp.m. (Fall and Winter Manage-
ment and Operation)
2nd Year - Spring Semester
A a.m. Retail Floriculturep.m. (Sales and Operation)
B a.m. Nursery Productionp.m. (Spring and Summer
Management and Operation)
School Program D provides for each teacher to have a morning
class and an afternoon clas. s in th.: same option and subject. If
borl years of Program D were combined, School Program E would be
the result.
- 8 -
School Program E (Grades 11 and 12)
Teacher Semester Class Option and Emphasis
A Fall a.m. Landscape Contracting( Design)
Fall p.m. Retail Floriculture(Design)
B Fall a.m. Turfgrass(Establishment)
Fall p.m. Nursery Production(Fall and Winter ,Ianage-ment and Operation)
A Spring a.m. Landscape Contracting(Installation)
Spring p.m. Retail Floriculture(Sales and Operation)
S Spring a.m. Turfgrass(Maintenance)
Spring p.m. Nursery Production(Spring and SummerManagement and Operation)
- 9 -
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE PROGRAMFOR GRADES 10, 11, AND 12
COURSE OUTLINES
The suggested course outline presented here is based on threeassumptions. These are: (1) that the school offering this programhas established a vocational agriculture curriculum for grades 10, 11,and 12; (2) that the program will afford the student an opportunity toselect any one of the options or a combination of these options thatwill fill his needs; and (3) that the weeks of instruction suggestedfor each area are based on two periods per day, five days per week.Should the periods of instruction offered differ from the assumed10 period week, adjustment in the course materials would be needed tocompensate for the different scheduling.
INTRODUCTION TO ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
GRADE 10
Subject Area Weeks
A. Program Orientation, Occupa- 12
tional Information, andLeadership Training
1. Program Orientation2. Occupational Information:
Nursery - Landscape,
Floriculture Productionand Retailing,Turfgrass,Arboriculture, Propagation,Other Specialties
3. Leadership and CitizenshipTraining
4. Supervised OccupationalExperience
B. Plant Science 6
1. EcologyZ. Taxonomy3. Physiology
1`
Subject Area Weeks
C. Soil Science 6
1. Soil Types, Texture,Structure, and Capa-bility
2. Acidity-Alkalinity3. Organic Materials4. Soil Microbiology5. Soil Testing
D. Mechanics 12
1. Safe Operation, Use,Basic Maintenance arriStorage of Tools and..:quipment
2. Small Gasoline Engines3. Reading and Interpreta-
tion of Blue Prints,Diagraws, and SchematicDrawings
Total 36
- 10-
NURSERY PRODUCTION AND LANDSCAPING OPTION
GRADE 11
Subject Area Weeks Subject Area Weeks
A. Program Orientation, Occupa- 4
tional Information, SupervisedWork Experience, LeadershipTraining
1. Orientation to Program forthe Year
2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience
Program4. FFA or Ornamental Horti-
culture Club
D. Growing Nursery Stock
1. Lining-Out2. Fertilizing3. Pruning4. Weed Control5. Transplanting6. Field Culture7. Container Growing8. insect and Disease
Control in the Nursery
8
B. Identifying Plant Materials 6
1. Identifying Commonly UsedShrubs and Trees, GroundCovers, and FloweringPlants
2. Physical Characteristics,Environmental Requirements,and Habits of Growth ofTrees, Shrubs, GroundCovers, and Flowering Plants
C. Propagating Nursery Stock 7
1. Structures, Equipment,and Supplies
2. Cuttings3. Seeds4. Grafting5. Layering6. Cultural TechAiques
E. Marketing Nursery Stock 7
1. Digging: Bare-Root,Balled and Burlapped
2. Storing3. Packing4. Grading5. Shipping and Grading
F. Mechanics 4
1. Tractor and EquipmentService, Repair, andOperation
2. Installation and Main-tenance of Water Systems
3. Basic Electricity4. Basic Carpentry5. Mixing, Placing, and
Curing Concrete
Total 36
GRADE 12
Subject Area Weeks
A. Program Orientation, Occu- 2
pational Information,Supervised Work Programs,Leadership Training
1. Orientation to Programfor the Year
2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience
Program4. FFA or Ornanental Horti-
culture Club
B. Landscape Design 14
1. Site and Family NeedsAnalysis
2. Organization and Layoutof Landscape Designs
3. Symbols and Plant Formsfor Design Drawing
4. Plant and StructuralMaterials in LandscapeDesign
5. Characteristics of Plants(mass, texture, size, andform)
6. Design and Drawing Practice
C. Establishing a Landscape 12
1. Construction
a. Drainageb. Grading
1r
Subject Area Weeks
c. Soil amendmentd. Irrigation systemse. Lighting systemsf. Pavement - drives,
walks, terracesg. Steps
h. Dry walls
i. Fences and screensj. Special structures -
pools, play equipment,etc.
2. Planting
a. Turf - seeding, soddingb. Trees - bare root,
balled and burlappedc. Shrubsd. Ground coverse. Flowers
D. Maintaining Landscaped 8
Plantings
1. Turf Maintenance2. Pruning - Corrective,
Hedges
3. Fertilizing4. Using Mulches5. Applying Water
6. Controlling Weeds
7. Wintcr Protection
Total 8
- 12 -
FLORICULTURE OPTION
GRADE 11
Subject Area Weeks Subject krea Weeks
A.
B.
Frogiam Orientation,Occupational Information,Supervised Work Experience,and Leadership Training
1. Orientation to Programfor the Year
2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience
Programs4. FFA or Ornamental Horti-
culture Club
Soils 4
1. Mediums for GrowingPlants
2. Mixing and Preparing3. Testing Greenhouse
Soils - Nutrients, pH,Soluble Salts
E.
F.
Insect and Disease Control
1. Sanitation2. Sprays and Dusts3. Applying Sprays and
Dusts4. Fumigation
Managing Production in theGreenhouse
1. Watering2. Ventilating3. Heating4. Controlling Diseases
and Insects5. Storage of Supplies6. Organization of Pro-
duction for a Year7. Preparing Products
3
8
C.
D.
Fertilizers
1. Formula2. Mixing3. Applying4. Storage and Handling
Propagation of HorticulturePlants
1. Sturctures, Equipmentand Supplies
2. Seeding3. Cuttage4. Lryering5. Dividing6. Budding7. Grafting8. Cultural Techniql
3
10
G. Mechanics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4
Repair and Maintenanceof Water SystemsDesign and Constructionof Frames and StandsGreenhouse FacilityMaintenance and RepairRepair and Service ofElectric MotorsRepair and Maintenanceof Heating and VentilatingSystems
Total 36
1 '1
- 13 -
GRADE 12
Subject Area Weeks Subject Area Weeks
A. Program Orientation,Occupational InformationSupervised Work ExperienceProgram, and LeadershipTraining
2 D. Arranging Flowers and 8
Plants
1. Orientation to Program forthe Year
2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience
Programs4. FFA or Ornamental Horti-
culture Club
B. Cut Flower Production
I. Cut Flower Industry2. Chrysanthemums3. Carnations4. Snapdragons5. Other Crops6. Grading and Handling
7
C. Production of Pot Plants, 7
Foliage Plants, and BeddingPlants
1. Pot Plants
a. Poinsettiasb. Pot chrysanthemumsc. Easter lilies
2. Foliage Plants3. Bedding Plants and
Geraniums
1. Uses and Characteristicsof Flowers, Plants, andDecorative Materials
2. Designing with Flowersand Decorative Materials
3. Using Flower Arrangements
E. Retail Flower Shop Opera- 8
tion and Management
1. Merchandising and Selling2. Purchasing Flowers and
Supplies3. Storage of Flowers and
Greens4. Packaging of Flowers
and Plants5. Handling and Delivery of
Packaged Flowers andPlants
6. Records and Accounts
F. Directed Laboratory Work 4
1. Flower Crop Productionand Marketing
2. Floral Design andRetailing
Total 36
- 14 -
TURF MAINTENANCE OPTION
GRADE 11
Subject Area Weeks
A. Program Orientation, Occupa-tional Information, andLeadersh5p Training
1. Program Orientation2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience
Programs4. FFA or Ornamental Horti-
culture Club
B. Identifying Turf Grasses
Subject Area Weeks
4 6. Liming and Fertilizing7. Seeding and Seed Mixtures;
Laying Sod8. Protecting the Seeded
Areas
9. Special Construction;Greens, Bunkers, Traps,Tees, Banks
1O. Cultural Practices forYoung Turf
6 D. Mechanics
1. Identifying Turf Grasses2. Use and Types of Turf3. Growth Characteristics4. Characteristics of Good Turf
C. Lawn and Turf Establishment 18
1. Planning: Golf CoursesAthletic Fields, Highways,Institutional Turf,Residential Turf
2. Grading the Site3. Drainage Systems4. Irrigation Systems5. Preparing the Soil
21
1. Repair and Maintenanceof Water Systems
2. Operation, Service,and Repair of Tractors,Mowers, FertilizerSpreaders, Sprayers,Dusters, and Sweepers
3. Care and Maintenanceof Aerifiers, VerticalMowers, and Other Reno-vation Equipment
8
Total 36
Subject Area
A. Maintaining Home Lawns
- 15 -
GRADE 12
Weeks
8
1. Fertilizing, Irrigating,Mowing, and Edging
2. Identification and Controlof Lawn Weeds,Diseases, and Insects
3. Renovating Practices
B. Maintaining Athletic Fields 8
and Special Turf Areas
1. Use Requirements ofAthletic Fields andSpecial Turf Areas
2. Assessment of Growthand EnvironmentalConditions
3. FerLIlizing, Mowing,Aerating, and Irri-gating
4. Controlling Pests
) I
Subject Area Weeks
C. Maintaining Golf Courses 12
1. Fertilizing Fairways,Tees, and Greens
2. Irrigating, Mowing, andAerating Fairways, Tees,and Greens
3. Wear Distribution forTees and Greens
4. Controlling Pests on Fair-ways, Tees, and Greens
5. Maintenance of Trees,Shrubs, and Flowers
D. Managing a Turf Service 8
Business
1. Salesmanship and Cus-tomer Relations
2, Estimat.ng Bids forCustom Work
3. Purchasing Supplies andEquipment
4. Handling and Storing Sod,Sprigs, Plugs, and Seals
5. Accounts and Records
Total 36
NURSERY PPODUCTION COURSE
COURSE OUTLINE
A. Kinds of Nurseries
1. The Wholesale Nursery2, The Retail or Specialist Nursery3. The Propagation Nursery4, The Grower-Landscaper Nursery5. The Nursery Brokerage Firm6. The Mail Order Nursery
B. Occupations in Nursery Produftion
1. The Nursery Business as a Career2, Nursery Produ-tion Occupations
a. l,ursery worker
h. Nursery clerk-typistc. Nursery salesmand. Stock mane, Nursery foremanf. Sales managerg. Physical plant managerh. Storage rannger
- 18 -
i. Plant breederj. Nursery techniciank. Propagator1. Nursery production managerm. Nursery superintendent.n. Nurseryman
3. Nursery Organization4. Relat,d Occupations5. Addliional Information
C. The Physical Plant
1. Nursery Site Selectiona, Marketing areab. Climatic zonec. Topographyd. Watere. Soil
f. Overhead costs(1) Labor(2) Utilities(3) Fuel(4) Taxes
2, Nursery Arrangement, Layout, Provision for Expansion
3. Facilitiesa. Propagation greenhouses
(I) Propagation benches(2) Mist systems(3) Grafting cases
b. Outdoor seedbeds
c. Coldframes and hotbeds
d. Lathhousee. Sashhousef. Storage buildingsg. Office buildingsh. Irrigation systemsi. Access roads
4. Equipmenta. Large equipment
(1) Tractors, discs, plows, harrows
(2) Power diggers, root pruners
(3) rucks(4) Fork lifts(5) Tillers
b. Small equipment(1) Soil steamer(2) Irrigation systems
(a) Field
(b) Greenhouse
(3) Sprayers and dusters(4) Fertilizing equipment
(5) Hand tools
5. Suppliesa. Plant materials - seeds, cuttings, etc.
- 19 -
b. Plant containers - pots, flats, etc.c. Fertilizerd. Herbicidese. Soil and soil amendmentsf. Insecticides and fungicidesg. Burlap and twineh. Shipping supplies
D. How Nursery Plants Grow
1. How Stems and Roots Become Longer2. Functions of Tissues3. Functions of Organs4. How Stems and Roots Get Larger5. How Plants Make the Food They Use6. How Plants Absorb Water and Nutrients7. How Plants Lose Water8. Effect of Environment on Plants and How Nurserymen
Adjust the Environment to Grow Good Plants Rapidly
E. Propagation of Nursery Stock
1. Specialized Equipment2. Vegetative Propagation
a. Cuttings - softwood, greenwood, hardwoodb. Graftingc. Buddingd. Layeringe. Division
3. Seed Propagationa. Seed collecting, cleaning,and storingb. Greenhous_ propAgationc. Outdoor seedbed propagation
4. Care of Rooted Cuttings and Seedlings
F. Growing Nursery Stock in the Field
1. Crop Rotation Plans2. Fitting Soil for Planting3. Plowing, Discing, Smoothing4. Transplant Beds5. Lining-Out6. Transplanting7. FertilizingB. Watering9. Controlling Pests, Insects, Diseases, Weeds
10. Pruning and Supportirg11. Root Pruning12. Winter Protection13. Digging - Bare-Root,and Balled and Burlapped14. Holding for Short Periods
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15 Cold Storage Over Winter16 Specific Crops
a. Deciduous shrubsb. Narrow leaf evergreensc. Broadleafevergreensd. Shade treese. Fruit trees, grapes, etcf. Rosesg. Ground coversh. Vinesi. Perennialsj. Christmas trees
G. Growing Nursery Stock in Containers
1. Crop Succession Plans2. Growing Surface3. Growing Medium4. Planting5. Mechanical Planting6. Setting Out7. SpacingS. Watering9. Fertilizing
10. Pest Control11. Pruning and Supporting12. Winter Protection13. Harvesting14. Crop Schedules15. List of 2lants Commonly Grown in Containers
H. Marketing
1. Inventory Control2. Freshly Dug Stock3. Cold Storage Stock4. Container-Grown Plants5. U.S.A. Standard for Nursery atock6. Pricing7. LabelingB. Packing9. ShippingO. Promotion
11. Quarantine Laws, Federal and State, also Local Ordinances
I. Nursery Calendar of Operations
1. Management Calendar2. Production Calendar3. Marketing Calendar
21
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J. Understanding Management
1. What Management Doesa. Decision makingb. Functions of managementc. Successful management
2. Personnel Relationsa. The employee as a person
b. The employee on the jobc. The organization of responsibility
3. Trade Associations and Publications
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GREENHOUSE CROP PRODUCTION
COURSE OUTLINE
A. Occupational Opportunities in Greenhouse Crop Production
1. Greenhouse Manager2. Production Manager
3. Physical Plant Manager
4. Sales Manager5. Technician6. Foreman7. Grower8. Grower Assistant
B. Greenhouse Location, Structures, and Equipment
1. Purpose of Greenhouse Structures
2. Location of Greenhouse Ranges3. Parts of a Greenhnose4. The Greenhouse Raw,5. Glazing Materials
a. Glassb. Plastic filmc. Polyethylene film
d. Vinyl filme. Mylar polyester film
f. Fiber glass
6. Coldframes
24 -
7. Lathhouses8. Greenhouse Benches and Beds9. Atmospheric Control10. Importance of Temperature Concrol11. Heating Systems12. Cooling Systems13. Ventilation14. Control of Relative Humidity15. Carbon Dioxide Enrichment16. Use of Combinatiors of Atmospheric Controls17. Refrigerators18. Light Intensity and Duration
C. Environmental Control
1. Watering2. Relationship of Soil and Fertilizer3. Soil Structure and Texture4. Artificial Soil Mixtures
a. Cut flowersb. Potted plantsc. Seedingd. Foliage plantse. Orchids
5. Fertilizer6. Pest Control
a. Importance of pest controlb. Equipment and methods of control
7. Insect Controla. Two-spotted mite or red spider miteb. Aphidsc. Thripsd. Greenhouse white fly
8. Disease Controla. Damping-offb. Powdery mildewc. Botrytis
9. Weed Control
D. Potted Plant Production
1. Chrysanthemuma. Cultiarsb. "Week"groupc. Crop rotationsd. Photoperiod controle. Propagationf. Pottingg. Temperature controlh. Wateringi. FertilizingJ. Pinching
29
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k. Disbudding1. Growth regulatorsm. Packing and shipping
2. Poinsettiaa. Cultivarsb. Propagationc. Control of floweringd. Pottinge. Wateringf. Fertilizingg. Temperature controlh. Pinchingi. Regulating poinsettia growthj. Packing and shipping
3. Faster Lilya. Cultivarsb. Propagationc. Bulb sized. Precoolinge. Plantingf. Fertilizingg. Wateringh. Timingi. Straight stemsj. Height controlk. Pests1. Packing and shipping
4. Bedding Plantsa. Propagation scheduleb. Quantitiesc. Mediumsd. Seed sowinge. Moisturef. Temperatureg. Containersh. Fertilizingi. Transplantingj. Purchased seedlingsk. Culture from transplanting to marketing1. Marketing
5. Additional Cropsa, Geraniumb. Potted rosec. Azalead. Hydrangeae. African violetf. Foliage plantsg. Spring flowering bulbs
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E. Cut Flower Production
1. Chrysanthemuma. Rotationsb. Bench preparationsc. Plantingd. Wateringe. Fertilizingf. Temperatureg. Carbon dioxideh. Pinchingi. Grading and bunching
2. Carnationsa. Cultivarsb. Rotationsc. Propagationd. Soil and fertilizere. Plantingf. Temperature controlg. Light intensity controlh. Photoperiod controli. Carbon dioxidej. Pinchingk. Disbudding1. Pest controlm. Diseasesn. Harvesting the flowers
o. Gradingv. Bunching, packing, and storage
3. Snapdragona. Response groupsb. Propagationc. Bench preparation and plantingd. Temperature controle. Wateringf. Fertilizingg. Carbon dioxideh. Pest controli. Quality controlj. Harvesting
k. Grading, bunching, and packing
4. Additional Cropsa. Rosesb. Orchids
F. Vegetable Production
1. Tomatoa. Cultivarsb. Schedules
Soil
d. Propagatione. Transp1antirgf. lcrtilizingg. W,Itcring
h. Temperature controii. Carbon dioxidei. Pollinationk, "No smoking"1. Plant disordersm. Production in plastic greenhousesn. Harvesting and marketing
Lettucea. Cultivarsb. Rotationsc. Soil preparationd. Temperaturee. Seeding and transplantingf. Plantingg. S%'atering
H. Carbon dioidei. Harvestingj. Packingk. Storage1. Pest control
r,I
LANDSCAPE CONTRACUNG
BUTCH PANTRY
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COPRSE OCILI NE
PART ONE MAINTENANCE AND ESIABL1S-ENT
A. Occupational Opportunities in Landscape Uorticulture
1. Landscape Nurseryman2. Garden Center sAanager3. Grounds Superintendenti. Park Foreman5. Nursery SalesmanG. rJarden Center Salesman7. Garden Center I.:orker
S. Landscape i;orker
B. Landscape N:lintenancQ
I. Pruninga. Injured plantsb. Rejuvenationc. Developing form0. Maintaining fcr;-al hedgese. Pruning shade trees
2 Fertilizing Landscape PlantsFertilizing trees, .511rul)S, ground covers, vines,and lawns
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3. Mulching Landscape Plants4. Watering Landscape Plants5. Weed Control6. Insect and Disease Control7. Safety Checklist for Applying Herbicides and Pesticides8. Miscellaneous Maintenance
a, Herbaceous plantsb. Lawn maintenancec. Poolsd. Winterizing
C. Landscape Establishment
1. Reading the Blueprint2, Laying Out the Landscape Plan3. Grading the Site4. Installing Drainage Systems5, Constructing Landscape Structures
a. Drives, walks, and patiosb. Retaining w,alls
c. Free standing wallsd. Fencese. Steps and rampsf. Water
6. Soil Modification7. Buying Nursery Stock
Grading nursery stock8. Planting Ornamentals
a. TransplantiAg treesb. Wrapping and stakingc. Transplanting shrubsd. Planting ground coversa. Planting vines and espaliersf. Planting herbaceous plants
-we
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LANDSCAPE CONTRACTING
COURSE OUTLINE
PART TUO LANDSCAPE DESIGN
A. Occupational Opportunities in Landscape Design
1. Landscape Architect2. Landscape Designer3. Ecrticultural Extension Agent4. Landscape Nurseryman
B. Importance of Landscaping
1. Landscaping for Use2. Landscaping for Beauty3. Landscaping Increases Property Value
C. Analysis of Landscape Requirements
1. Site Analystsa. On the site factors
(1) Slopes(2) Soil
(3) Rock outcroppings(4) Water(5) Existing vegetation(6) Structures(7) Climate of site
Utilities(9) Legal aspects
- 32 -
b. Off the site factors(1) Favorable views(2) Unfavorable views(3) Pedestrian traffic(4) Noise(5) Dust(6) Bright lights
2. Analysis of Family Needs' Check-off Lista. Entertainingb. Cookingc. Gamesd. Playinge. Swimmingf. Gardeningg. Bird watchingh. Pets
L. Laundryj. Storage
3. Cost4. Area Layout Plan
a. Public areab. Private areac. Service area
D. Ideas for Solving Landscape Problems
1. Layout of the Landscape Areas2. Ideas for Solving Landscape Problems3. Landscaping the Public Area
a. Establis-ing a focal pointb. Grouping trees and shrubsc. Using texture, color, and contrastsd. Selecting colors to complement structurese. Using flower bedsf. Screeningg. Landscaping the sidewalk area
4. Landscaping the Private Areaa. Planning the terraceb. Screening the private areac. Placing hedges, shrubs, and wallsd. Planning the planting bede. Planning the lawn
5. Landscaping the Service Areaa. Planning the facilitiesb. Screening the service area
6. Placing Plant Materialsa. Using specimen plantsb. Grouping plant materialsc. Thinning and underplanting
7. Planning
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E. Structures and Plants
1. Planning Landscape Structuresa. Transport structures
(1) Walks(2) Driveways(3) Steps
b. Retention structureF(1) Fences and walls(2) Pools and fountains(3) Miscellaneous structures
2, Structural Materialsa. Asphaltb. Concretec. T3rick
d. FlagstonesQ. Loose aggregatesf. Woodg. Tanbark
h. Metal fencingi. Copingj. Garden lighting
3. The Structural Plan4. The Kinds of Plants
Habilsof growthb. Hardinessc. Maintenanced. Fruit, flower, foliage, and branching characteristicse. Evergreen and deciduous plant materialsf. Trees
g. Shrubsh. Ground coversi. Espaliers
j. Vines5. The Planting Plan6. The Selection of Plant Material
F. Estimating Landscape Cost
1. Landscape Design2. Installation Cost
35 -
RETAIL FLOWER SHOP OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT
COURSE OUTLINE
A. Exploring Occupational Opportunities in the Retail Flower Business
1. Professional Teacher of Retail Floriculture(Other professional people may be employed in marketing,sales promotion, and advertising)
2. Managerial and Supervisorya. Retail flower shop ownerb. Retail flower shop manager
3. Technical Floral Designer4. Service Workers
a. Salespersonb. Office workerc. Delivery man
B. Uses and Characteristics of Flowers, Plants, ard Du:orative Materials
1. Flowering Pot Plants2. Foliage Pot Plants3. Foliage for Flower Arrange77ents4. Characteristics of Cut '-'lowers
a. Roseh. Chrysantlicunlm
- 36 -
c. Carnationd. Gladioluse. Snapdragonf. Stockg. Astersh, Bulb flowers
i. Orchidj. Gardenia
5. Characteristics of Flowering Pot Plantsa. PoinsettiaO. Azaleac. Easter lilyd, Chrysanthemume. Geraniumf. Hydrangea
g. African violeth. Wax begonia
i. Gloxiniaj. Cyclamen
6, Additional Flowering Pot Plants7. Characteristics Of Foliage Plants8. Characteristics Of Florist Greens
a. Uses
b. Colorsc. Keeping qualityd. Seasone. Prices
C. Designing with Flowers and Decorative Materials
1. Principles of Flower Arrangementa. Design
(1) Line(2) Form(3) Pattern(4) Texture(5) Color(6) Color harmony
b. Balancec. Rhythmd. Scale and proportione. Focal pointf. Harmonyg. Accenth. Repetitioni. Unity
2. folding Devices, Containers, and Suppliesa, Holding devicesb. Containers
c. Florist's supplies3. Designing Home and Hospital Arrangements
a. Basic designsb. The horizontal design
- 37 -
c. The vertical designd. The right anglee. The symmetrical trianglef. The asymmetrical triangle
4. Wedding Designa. The rose corsageb. The cattley orchid corsagec. The cymbidium orchid corsaged. The carnation corsagee. The wedding bouquetf. The boutonniere
5 Funeral Designsa. The funeral basketb. The funeral spray
6. Decorating a Flowering Pot Plant7. Design Ideas
D. Using Flower Arrangements
1. Flowers in the Home2. Flowers in Business3. Flowers for Weddings4. Flowers for Funerals5. Flowers for Special Dates6. Flowers for Other Occasions
Merchandising and Selling
1. Merchandisinga. Buyingb. Pricing
(1) Supply and demand(2) Wholesale price(3) Total cost(4) Prices used by competing florists(5) Tirices based on volume
c. Advertising and sales promotiond. Advertising budgetc, Preparing advertisingf. Other means of merchandising
2. Sellinga, Greeting the customerb. Identifying customer needs and desiresc. Showing the flowersd. Completing the salee. Selling by phone
F. Retail Flower Shop Management
1. Flc:cr Shop Management2. Locating the Shop3. Management of Finances4. Personnel Management5. Shop Layout
- 38 -
6. Handling Flowers
7. Packaging for Protection and Sales Appeal
8. Packaging Material
9. Delivery Services
10. Record Keeping
4 i
3
TURFGRASS MAINTENANCE AND ESTABLISHMENT
COURSE OL!TLINE
A. Exploring Job Opportunities in Turfgrass Businesses
I. Professionala. Extension agronomist (Urfgrass specialist)b. Agronomist
2. Manageriala. Golf course superintendentb. Athletic field superintendentc. Landscape contractor
3. Technicala. Assistant golf course superintendentb. Turfgrass salesman
4. Service Workersa. Greensworkerb. Landscape gardnerc. GroundskeeperJ. Athletic field groundskeeper
B. Kinds of Turfgrasses and Their Use
1. Identifying ar.d Determining the Cse of Turfgrasscs2. VogetJtive characteristics of Turfgrass(s
a. Loafb. Bud loaf
- 40 -
c. Stemd. Bluegrassese. Fescuesf. Bentgrassesg. Ryegrassesh. Crownvetchi. Kentucky bluegrassj. Merion Kentucky bluegrassk. Rough bluegrass1- Annual bluegrassm. Tall fescuen. Creeping red fescueo. Chewing fescuep. Colonial bentgrassq. Creeping bentgrassr. Redtops. Ryegrass
C. Maintaining Residential and Institutional Lawns
1. Maintaining Soil Fertilitya, Taking a soil sampleb. Interpreting soil test recommendationsc. Lime requirementsd. General lawn fertility recommendationse. Selecting and purchasing fertilizersf. Applying fertilizers and lime
2. Mowing the Lawna. Selecting the lawn mowerb. Mowing heightc. Frequency of mowingd. Mowing practicese. Clippingf. Thatchg. Edging and trimmingh. Aerating the lawn
3. Watering Lawnsa. Amount and frequency of wateringb. The time to waterc. Rate of applying water to the lawnd. Equipment used to water the lawn
4. Controlling Lawn Pests5. Turfgrass Weeds
a. Annual bluegrassb. Buckhornc. Common chickweedd. Mouse -eared chickweedc, White cloverf. Crabgrassg. Ox-eye daisyh. Dandelioni, Curly dock
- 41 -
3. Wild garlic speciesk. GoosegrassI. Heal-allm. Henbitn. Ground ivyo. Knot weedp. Nimblewillq. Nutgrassr. Oxaliss. Blackseed plantaint. Purslaneu. Quackgrassv. Sorrelw. Speedwellx. Bullthistley. Yarrow and yellow rocket
6. Turfgrass Diseasesa. Leafspotb. Rustc. Pythium blightd. Dollar spote. Fairy ringf. Brown patchg. Slime moldsh. Snow moldsi. Powdery mildewj. Nematodes
7. Turfgrass Insects and Suggested Controlsa. Antsb. Grubs
c. Cinch bugsd. Sod webworms
8. Using Pesticidesa. Safety guidesb. Guides for maintaining sprayers and dustersc. Guides for applying sprays and dustsd. Types of sprayers used on lawns
D. Maintaining Athletic Fields and Special Turf Areas
I. Athletic Fieldsa. Cooperation for good turfb. Fertilityc. Mowingd. Aeratione. Wateringf. Pest controlR. Repairh. Marking playing fields
2. Special Turfsa, Fertility proble:rs
b. Mowingc. Herbicides
- 42 -
E. Maintaining Golf Courses
1. Fertilitya. Fairwayb. Tees
c. Greens2. Mowing
a. Roughsb. Fairwaysc. Teesd. Greense. Clipping
3. Aeration4. Thatch5. Watering
a. Fairwaysb. Tees
c. Greens6. Pest Control7. Wear Distribution
F. Planning and Establishing New Turfgrass Areas
1. Planning New Turfgrass Areas2. Planning the Grade, Drainage,and Irriid', n
a. Gradingb. Drainagec. Grading and drainage of athletic fieldsd. Drainage of golf tees and greense. Irrigation systems
3. Selecting and Applying Fertilizersa. Fertilizer mlterialsb. Meeting soil fertility requirementsc. Limingd. Liming materialse. Applying limef. Applying basic fertilizer
'.. Using Physical Conditioners in Soilsa. Home lawnsb. Athletic fieldsc. Golf greens and tees
5. Preparation for Seedinga. Applying starter fertilizerb. Finish grading
6. Selecting Kinds of Grasses and Grass Mixturesa. Regulations governing grass seed seL2:,
b. Selecting seeding dates7. Seeding
a. Covering seedb. Rollingc. Mulching
4 .5
- 43 -
8. Vegetative Plantinga. Spriggingb. Sodding
9. Caring for New Grass
10. Renovating Old Turf Areas
RETAIL GARDEN STORE OPERATIONS
Iro-2.14
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ES
rLawn & Garden Center
COURSE OUTLINE
A. Qualifications and Occupational Opportunities in Retail GardenStore Operations
1. Garden Store Stockman2. Garden Store Salesman3. Garden Store rlook-:eeper
4. SupervisorS. Assistant Xanagev6. Garden Store Manager7. Studying Occupations Through Visit to Garden Stores
B. The Marketing System
1. The Business Enterprise Systema, What it ish. Advantages and disadvantagesc. Types of ownershipd. Nature and value of corpeticione. Types of partnership
2. Retailinga. The local marketb. Nature and purpose of retailing (product, service, information)
4r
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C. Retail Garden Store Facilities and Equipment
1. Location2. Buildings and Structures
3, Parking4, Utilities5, Equipment
D. Identity and Use of Products Sold
1. Plants
a. Woody plants (trees, shrubs, vines, groundcovers)
b. Flowering plants, (perennials, bulbs, roses, bedding plants)
c. Indoor plantsd. Seeds, (grass, flowers, vegetable)
e. Cut Christmas trees and greens
2. Suppliesa, Fertilizersb. Pesticides and herbicides
c. Soil, sand, peat, mulching materials
d. Fencing, stakes, supports
e. Containers, tubs, pots
f. Patio tile, paving stones, etc.
g. Dried and artificial flowers
h. Christmas decorations
i. Bird and pet food
j. Books, pamphlets
3. Equipmenta. Garden furniture and decorations
b. Irrigation equipment
c. Garden lighting equipment
d. Lawn mowers
e. Wheelbarrows, carts, wagons, spreaders
f. Garden tractors and attachments
g, Snow removal equipment
h. Garden tools (spades, rakes, hoes, pruners, etc.)
i, Pest control equipment, (sprayers, dusters, etc.)
E. Garden Store Services
1. Equipment Repair and Service
2. Landscape Designing
3. Landscape Planting
4. Consulting Service
F. Stocking and Selling
1. Stockinga. Seasonal demand and stock control
b. Labeling and marking
c. Stock placement and replacement
2. Sellinga. Approach
b. Information and suggestions
- 47 -
c. Customer relationsd. Cash handling, receipts, sales recordse. Wrapping and delivery
G. Understanding Management
1. Management Decisionsa. Policyb. Product and stock controlc. Pricingd. Profit planninge. Personnel needs
2. Management Functionsa. Management of capital, products, personnelb. Lines of responsibility
3, Personnel Relationsa. The employee as a personb. The employee on the jobc. Training on the jobd. Grievances and benefits
H. Garden Store Malpower Needs
1. Employment Needs in Local Area2. Locating a Job3. Applying for a Job4. The Interview5. Gaining Success as a Garden Store Employee
-
ARBORICULTURE
COURSE OUTLINE
A. Occupational Opportunities in Arboriculture
1. Importance of Arboriculture2. Occupational Opportunities
a. Tree workerb. Tree pruner
c. Tree surgeond. Tree propagatore. Tree nurserymanf. Tree foremang. Arborist (city forester)
B. How Trees Grow
1. How Stems and Roots Become Longer2. Functions of Tissues and Organs3. How Stems and Roots Become Larger4. How Trees Make the Food They use
5. How Trees Absorb Water and Nutrients6. How Trees Lose Water
7. The Effect of Environ7lent on Trees
C. Soil and Tree Growth
I. Soil Composition2. Soil Structure and Te\ture
- 5o -
3. Nutrients and pH4. Soil Temperature, Moisture,and Aeration5. Soil Improvement for Trees
D. Application of Fertilizer to Trees
1. Importance of Nutrients2. Materials, Analyses, and Ratios3. Application Rates4. Application Methods
a. Dry formulationsb. Liquid formulationsc. Foliar application
E. Selection of Tree Species for Landscape Use
1. General Criteriaa. Hardinessb. Adaptabilityc. Aesthetic appeald. Growth rate and sizee. Low maintenancef. Safety
2. Specific Sitesa, Street treesb, Trees for residencesc. Trees for institutional and industrial sitesd. Trees for parkse. Trees for highway planting
F. Tree Propagation
1. Structures, Areas, and Equipme.nt2. Seed Propagation3. Cutting Propagation4. Grafting5. Cultural Techniques
G. Tree Nursery Operations
1. Lining-Out Stock2. Cultural Techniques3. Digging and Preparing for Shipment
H. Pl5nting Trees
i. Spacing and Site Preparation2. Season for Planting3. Placement and Support4. Pruning, Wrapping, Watering, Mulching5. Use of Anti-Transpirants6. Follow-Up Care
- 51 -
I. Tree Maintenance Equipment
1. Kinds and Their Selectiona. Tractors, trucksb. Pneumatic equipmentc. Hydraulic equipmentd. Small engine equipmente. Hand tools
2. Safe Operation3. Maintenance and Adjustment4. Minor Repairs
J. Tree Climbing
1. Safety2. Rope Work, Knots, Techniques, Skills3. Use of Ladders, "Cherry Pickers"
K. Tree Surgery
1. Corrective Pruning2. Care of Wounds3. Cavity Work4. Bracing and Cabling5, Tree Removal
L. Diagnosis and Treatment of Unhealthy Trees
1. Mechanical Injury2. Nutritional, Moisture, and Soil Aeration Disorders3. Air Pollution Disorders4. Disease and Insect Disorders
M. Personnel Relations
1. The Team Concept2. How Management Thinks3. Customer Relations
FORTICULTURAL MECHANICS
4 ar2:-11
zeithl.a.!Z.
e
COURSE OUTLINE
A. Safety
1. Shop Safety Reguiatioas2. Use of Fire Extinguishers3. First Aid Demonstration
P. Small Engines
1. Application2. Repair3. Maintenance and Storage
C. Agriculture Tractors and Nursery Related Implements
1. Maintenance2. Repair and Adjustment3. Safe Use and Driving Instructions4. Maintaining and Adjusting Pc..-er Trains and Drive Systems
D. Trucks, Pick-up Trucks,and Forklifts
1. Maintenance ana Miaor Repairs2. Safe Use and Driving Fracticum
E. Construction
1. Concrete Constrdttion 1volt:ding Figuring Quantities
- 54 -
2. Constructing Forms3. Forming Mixes4. Placement and Curing5. Masonry Construction
a. Brick
b. Blockc. Stone layering
6. Carpentry Skillsa. Figuring bill of materialsb. Fabrication of wooden buildingsc. Glues and fasteners
F. Hydraulic Systems and Controls
1. Principles and Theories2. Application and Uses3. Safe Use and Practicum in Using Hydraulically Operated Equipment
G. Arc and Gas Welding
1. Operation and Maintenance2. Skills in Metal Fabrication
H. Plumbing
1. Selection and Use of Copper2. Selection and Use of Steel3. Selection and Use of Plastic Pipe4. Practice in Fabrication of Plumbing Systems
I. Irrigation and Sprinkling
1. Pumps and Pumping Equipment Selection2. Mathematical Skills in Pumping and Irrigation Problems3. Selection, Care,and Maintenance of Water Delivering
Devices for Greenhouse and Outdoor Irrigation Systems
J. Spraying and Spreading Equipment
1. Care, Repair, and Adjustment of Equipment2. Safety3. Application of !ry and Liquid Chemicals
K. Steam Generators
1. Principles of Operation2. Maintenance3. Safety and Practical 1'8C
L. Electricity
1. Basic Circuitry and Safety2. Outdoor Power Supply
- 55 -
M. Mechanically Controlling Artificial Plant Environments
1. Principles of Heating and Cooling2. Use of Electrical and Mechanical Controlling Systems3. Operation and Maintenance of CO
2Generators
N. Tree Tools
1. Operating Skills2. Sharpening and Storing Chain Saws3. Care and Safe Use of Tree Climbing Equipment
0. Grass Cutting Equipment
Adjustment, Minor Repair and Maintenance in Using Turfand Lawn Cutting Machines
P. Air Compressors and Pneumatic Powered Equipment
1. Principles and Operation of Air Compressors2. Operation and Care of Pneumatic Power Equipment
U. Ed.1-630
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