TIMELINE OF MATHEMATICIANS
Jean-Robert Argand publishes proof of the Fundamental theorem of algebra and the Argand diagram,
Jean-Robert Argand
BornJuly 18, 1768
Geneva, Switzerland
DiedAugust 13, 1822
Paris
Nationality France
Fields Mathematics
Known forArgand diagram and Proof of Fundamental
Theorem of Algebra
1815 – Siméon-Denis Poisson carries out integrations along paths in the complex plane,
Siméon Poisson
Siméon Denis Poisson (1781-1840)
Born
21 June 1781
Pithiviers, Orléanais, Kingdom of
France
(present-day Loiret, France)
Died25 April 1840 (aged 58)
Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, Kingdom
of France
Nationality France
Fields Mathematics
Institutions École Polytechnique
Bureau des Longitudes
Faculté des Sciences
École de Saint-Cyr
Alma mater École Polytechnique
Doctoral advisorJoseph Louis Lagrange
Pierre-Simon Laplace
Doctoral studentsMichel Chasles
Lejeune Dirichlet
Joseph Liouville
Other notable students Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
Known for
Poisson process
Poisson equation
Poisson kernel
Poisson distribution
Poisson bracket
Poisson regression
Poisson summation formula
Poisson's spot
Poisson's ratio
Poisson zeros
Conway–Maxwell–Poisson
distribution
Euler–Poisson–Darboux equation
1825 – André-Marie Ampère discovers Stokes' theorem,
André-Marie Ampère
André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836)
Born20 January 1775
Parish of St. Nizier, Lyon, France
Died10 June 1836 (aged 61)
Marseille, France
Residence France
Nationality French
Fields Physics
InstitutionsBourg-en-Bresse
École Polytechnique
Known for Ampere's Law
Signature
1832 – Évariste Galois presents a general condition for the solvability of algebraic equations, thereby essentially founding group theory and Galois theory,
Évariste Galois
Born25 October 1811
Bourg-la-Reine, French Empire
Died31 May 1832 (aged 20)
Paris, Kingdom of France
Nationality French
Fields Mathematics
Known forWork on the theory of equations and Abelian
integrals
1843 – William Hamilton discovers the calculus of quaternions and deduces that they are non-commutative,
William Hamilton
William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865)
Born4 August 1805
Dublin
Died2 September 1865 (aged 60)
Dublin
FieldsPhysicist, astronomer, and
mathematician
Institutions Trinity College, Dublin
Alma mater Trinity College, Dublin
Academic advisors John Brinkley
Known for Hamilton's principle
Hamiltonian mechanics
Hamiltonians
Hamilton–Jacobi equation
Quaternions
Biquaternions
Hamiltonian path
Icosian Calculus
Nabla symbol
Versor
Coining the word 'tensor'
Hamiltonian vector field
Icosian game
Universal algebra
Hodograph
Hamiltonian group
Cayley–Hamilton theorem
Influences John T. Graves
InfluencedZerah Colburn
Peter Guthrie Ta
1854 – Arthur Cayley shows that quaternions can be used to represent rotations in four-dimensional space,
Arthur Cayley
Portrait in London by
Barraud & Jerrard
Born16 August 1821
Richmond, Surrey, UK
Died26 January 1895 (aged 73)
Cambridge, England
Residence England
Nationality British
Fields Mathematics
Institutions University of Cambridge
Alma materKing's College School
Trinity College, Cambridge
Academic advisorsGeorge Peacock
William Hopkins
Doctoral studentsH. F. Baker
Andrew Forsyth
Charlotte Scott
Known forProjective geometry
Group theory
Cayley–Hamilton theorem
Notable awards Copley Medal (1882)
1859 – Bernhard Riemann formulates the Riemann hypothesis which has strong implications about the distribution of prime numbers,
Bernhard Riemann
Bernhard Riemann, 1863
BornSeptember 17, 1826
Breselenz, Kingdom of Hanover
(modern-day Germany)
DiedJuly 20, 1866 (aged 39)
Selasca, Kingdom of Italy
Residence Kingdom of Hanover
Nationality German
Fields Mathematics
InstitutionsGeorg-August University of
Göttingen
Alma materGeorg-August University of
Göttingen
Berlin University
Doctoral advisor Carl Friedrich Gauss
Other academic advisors
Gotthold Eisenstein
Moritz Abraham Stern
Notable students Gustav Roch
Known for See list
InfluencesJohann Peter Gustav Lejeune
Dirichlet
1873 – Georg Frobenius presents his method for finding series solutions to linear differential equations with regular singular points,
Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
BornOctober 26, 1849
Charlottenburg
DiedAugust 31, 1917 (aged 67)
Berlin
Nationality German
Fields Mathematics
Institutions University of Berlin
ETH Zurich
Alma materUniversity of Göttingen
University of Berlin
Doctoral advisorKarl Weierstrass
Ernst Kummer
Doctoral students
Richard Fuchs
Edmund Landau
Issai Schur
Konrad Knopp
Walter Schnee
Known for
Differential equations
Group theory
Cayley–Hamilton theorem
Frobenius method
1882 – Ferdinand von Lindemann proves that π is transcendental and that therefore the circle cannot be squared with a compass and straightedge
Ferdinand von Lindemann
Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann
BornApril 12, 1852
Hanover, Germany
DiedMarch 6, 1939 (aged 86)
Munich, Germany
Residence Germany
Nationality German
Fields Mathematician
InstitutionsLudwig-Maximilians-Universität
München
Alma materFriedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg
Doctoral advisor C. Felix Klein
Doctoral students
Charles Hamilton Ashton
Franz Fuchs
David Hilbert
Martin Kutta
Hermann Minkowski
Oskar Perron
Arnold Sommerfeld
Josef Wagner
Known for Proving π is a transcendental number
1896 – Hermann Minkowski presents Geometry of numbers,
Hermann Minkowski
BornJune 22, 1864
Aleksotas, Kaunas, Russian Empire
DiedJanuary 12, 1909 (aged 44)
Göttingen, German Empire
Nationality German
Fields Mathematician
InstitutionsUniversity of Göttingen and ETH
Zurich
Alma mater Albertina University of Königsberg
Doctoral advisor Ferdinand von Lindemann
Doctoral studentsConstantin Carathéodory
Louis Kollros
Dénes Kőnig
1900 – David Hilbert states his list of 23 problems which show where some further mathematical work is needed.
David Hilbert
David Hilbert (1912)
Born
January 23, 1862
Königsberg or Wehlau, Province of
Prussia (today Znamensk, Kaliningrad
Oblast, Russia)
DiedFebruary 14, 1943 (aged 81)
Göttingen, Germany
Residence Germany
Nationality German
Fields Mathematician and Philosopher
Institutions University of Königsberg
Göttingen University
Alma mater University of Königsberg
Doctoral advisor Ferdinand von Lindemann
Doctoral students
Wilhelm Ackermann
Otto Blumenthal
Werner Boy
Richard Courant
Haskell Curry
Max Dehn
Paul Funk
Erich Hecke
Hellmuth Kneser
Robert König
Emanuel Lasker
Erhard Schmidt
Hugo Steinhaus
Teiji Takagi
Hermann Weyl
Ernst Zermelo
Known for
Hilbert's basis theorem
Hilbert's axioms
Hilbert's problems
Hilbert's program
Einstein–Hilbert action
Hilbert space
Notable awards FRS
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