Themes of BiologyBiology CPAMiss Colabelli
BiologyThe study of lifeBiologists study the smallest
organisms, like bacteria, to large animals like elephants
Many different types of biology Nutritional Micro Pathology
Characteristics of LifeAll living things have similar
qualitiesBroken down into 7 characteristics
of life Organization Response to stimulus Homeostasis Metabolism Development Reproduction Evolution
OrganizationDegree of order when an
organism’s internal and external parts
Each living organism is made of one or more cells
Cell tissue organ organ system organism
Response to Stimuli Living organisms have
the ability to respond to a stimulus Can be a physical change In response to the
environment Necessary for an
organism to survive in their environment and stay alive
HomeostasisOrganisms must maintain
an internal balance Due to environmental
changeRegulatory system in order
to keep balance Body temperature Salt intake and water intake
MetabolismOrganisms need to make energy
from their environment Humans eat food in order to get
energy Plants make their food from the sun
and water
Growth and DevelopmentAll living things grow and increase
in sizeDone by division and making new
cells Cell division is when one cell is made
from a pre-existing cellDevelopment is the process of an
organism maturing into an adult
Reproduction Process of living things producing
themselves Essential for continuing a species
Some organisms lay eggs, some have a baby grow internally
The process of two organism passing their DNA to its offspring is sexual reproduction Two parents one or more organisms
The process of one organism making an identical copy of itself is asexual reproduction One parent 2 daughter cell
EvolutionChange over timePopulations of an
organism can change based on environmental conditions
Important for survival in a changing world
Diversity & Unity of Life
All living things have features that are common
Tree of Life
Tree of LifeHow scientists organize
organisms into groups that are similar to each other
Scientists believe we descended from one common ancestor (the roots)
Tree of LifeThe common ancestor
branched out into diverse species
Organisms change due to their environment
Three Domains of Life
InterdependenceOrganisms interacting with each
otherEcology is the study of organisms
interacting with each otherWhen ecologists study organisms
in a specific environment it is called an ecosystem
Ecosystem
Human ImpactHumans have been on earth
for a very small amount of time
Our impact on the planet has been drastic
Think of some environmental changes humans have caused…
Evolution of LifeOrganisms change over time
BUT their genetic characteristics do not
Populations that change over time is known as evolution
Misconceptions
EvolutionDescent with modification when
inherited traits within a population Small changes over a long period
of time that a new genetically distinct new species can arise
Tree of life is a symbol for this evolution over time
Natural SelectionOrganisms that have favorable traits are better able to survive and pass on their traits to next generation
What do you see?
Black & Peppered Moths
AdaptationTraits that improve an
individuals ability to surviveWhite rabbit and short ears in
snowy placeThe individuals that survive
are able to pass on traits to next generation
Analyzing Graphics Would you think that Archaea are more
closely related to Bacteria or Eukarya?
ReviewWhy is evolution important in
helping explain the diversity of life?
What is the difference between evolution and natural selection?
Make a hypothesis Fossil evidence shows that bats descended from
shrewlike organisms that could not fly. Write a hypothesis for how natural selection might have led to flying bats.
Designing and ExperimentScientific Method
Observation Question Form a hypothesis Experiment Data collection and
analysis Conclusion
Observation and Question Begins with observing something in nature 2 types of observation
Qualitative – using senses Quantitative – measurement
Wondering how or what about it Ex:
Observation: Owls capture prey in the dark Question: How do owls detect prey in the
dark?
Hypothesis Possible answers for question in mind
that you can test with an experiment Educated guess of how something
occurs Can be more than one Ex:
Owls hunt in the dark by vision Owls hunt in the dark by hearing Owls hunt in the dark by sensing body
heat
Experiment Design an experiment to test your hypothesis Controlled experiment
Control group What you compare data to
Experimental group What you are testing for
Independent variable What is being tested for (ex: presence or absence of
light) Dependent variable
How the experiment responds (ex: if the owl can catch its prey)
Collecting/Analyzing Data Collecting Data
Usually quantitative data Compare experimental results to
controlled results Analyzing Data
Compare results to other studies and refine hypothesis
Create charts, graphs, tables to show data
Conclusion Either supports or rejects your original
hypothesis If it supports
Can move on to construct a theory with research
If it rejects Refine and change hypothesis and create
new experiment
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