The 1995 IChemE Research Event —
First European Conference for YoungResearchers in Chemical Engineering
A two-day symposium held at the University of Edinburgh, 5-6 January 1995.
Organising Committee
D.H. Glass (Chairman) University of EdinburghR.W.K. Allen AEA Harwell
J.W. Ponton University of EdinburghE.A. Foumeny University of Leeds
P.A. Shamlou University College London
IChemE would like to thank the conveners of the 1995 event for their hard work in putting together the
technical programme.
Copyright © 1995 Institution of Chemical EngineersA Registered Charity
ISBN 0 85295 359 3
Published by:Institution of Chemical Engineers165-189 Railway Terrace r\CRUGBY TO^1Warwickshire
CV21 3HQ, UK
Printed In the UK by Chameleon Press Ltd, 5-25 Burr Road, Wandsworth, London SW18 4SG
UB/TIB Hannover 89
Contents — Volume 2
Solid and fluid processing
204. A comparison of time-resolved, angle-resolved and ensemble-averaged LDA
measurements in stirred reactors.
K.C. Lee, K. Rutherford and M. Yianneskis (Kings College London, UK) 617
205. A correlation of foaming behaviour with surface properties.H. Grunnet-Jepsen, R.C. Darton and P.B. Whalley (University of Oxford, UK) 620
206. A fundamental study of the heating effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiationon minerals.
P.C. Harrison and N.A. Rowson (University ofBirmingham, UK) 623
207. Activated carbon in a continuous multi-staged fluidized bed pilot plantwith downcomers.
A. Marcilla, I. Martin-Gullon, R. Font and M. Asensio (University ofAlicante, Spain) 626
208. An experimental study of convective mass transfer from a rotating horizontalcircular cylinder exposed to a slot air jet flow of air.T. Pekdemir and T.W. Davies (University of Exeter, UK) 629
209. Bifurcation of incompressible flow in a cascade of plane symmetric channel
expansions.E.A. Foumeny, D.B. Ingham and A.J. Walker (University ofLeeds, UK) 632
210. Boundary element modelling of property improvement in short fiber composites.T.D. Papathanasiou (Imperial College London, UK) and M.S. Ingber(University of New Mexico, USA) 635
211. Bubble interactions in gas discharge from two orifices submerged in a fluidized bed.
J.G. Yates, K-T. Wu and D.J. Cheesman (University College London, UK) 638
212. Bubble to slug flow pattern transition in gas-liquid vertical flow.
H. Cheng, J.H. Hills and BJ. Azzopardi (University of Nottingham, UK) 641
213. Characteristics of the processing vortex core, and a method of prevention.PA Yazdabadi, A.J. Griffiths and N. Syred (University of Wales, UK) 644
214. Circulation time studies using a flow follower technique.R. Schmitz, C.R. Thomas and CM. McFarlane (University of Birmingham, UK) 647
215. Coalescence rates of sunflower oil/water dispersions containing polyethylene particles.R. Franklin and I.P.T. Moore (University of Birmingham, UK) 650
216. Co-axial jet mixers: aspects of turbulence.
N. Dombrowski, E.A. Foumeny and S.O. Holiday (University ofLeeds, UK) 653
217. Compact two phase heat exchangers.A.J. Holt, B.J. Azzopardi and M.W. Biddulph (Nottingham University, UK) 656
218. Computational modelling of the mixing characteristics in stirred tanks.
E.A. Foumeny and K.S. Sandhu (University of Leeds, UK) 659
219. Cutting of ceramic pastes.S. Blackburn and H. Bohm (University of Birmingham, UK) 662
XVII
220. Determining the charge of a fibre from an electrically active filter material.
D.C. Walsh, J.I.T. Stenhouse, G.D. Campbell and R.D. Wickins
(Loughborough University of Technology, UK) 668
221. Determining the effect of boiler conditions on particle flow patterns in a top-feed
shell boiler.
D.A. Cowburn, J.L. Stroud, A.R. Butt and G.J. Cox (CRE, UK) 668
222. Development and characterisation of a new impeller.
N.G. Ozcan-Taskin, R.B. Badham, K.N. Dyster, Z. Jaworski, I.P.T. Moore,
A.W. Nienow, M. Wyszynsnkir (University ofBirmingham, UK) and
J. McKemmie (A VP Baker Ltd, UK) 671
223. Development of a prototype aerosol generator.
S. Zhou, E.S. Garbett and R.F. Boucher (University of Sheffield, UK) 674
224. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis: a method for assessing the thermoformability
of plastic sheeting.N. Macauley, E. Harkin-Jones and W.R. Murphy (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 677
225. Dynamic stress-strain behaviour of cohesive particulate materials subject
to vibration.
D. McGlinchey, A.J. Matchett and J.M. Coulthard (University of Teesside, UK) 680
226. Fibre cartridges: an account on filtration mechanisms.
A.M. Elia (Politecnico di Torino, Italy) 683
227. Flow field measurements around bluff bodies and artificial heart valves
in pulsatile flows.
A.K. Hind and J.R.E. Christy (University of Edinburgh, UK)
228. Flow regimes in gas-liquid reactors stirred with dual Rushton turbines.
F. Chiampo and R. Marotto (Politecnico di Torino, Italy) 689
229. Fluidized bed granulation of catalyst powder.R. Hellbauer and J.R. Walls (University of Bradford, UK) 692
230. Flux rate and deposit thickness during crossflow filtration of non-Newtonian
suspensions.R.G. Holdich, I.W. Cumming and B. Ismail (University of Loughborough, UK) 695
231. Hydrodynamic behaviour of stirred reactors with a hydrofoil and Rushton
impeller combination.
K. Rutherford and M. Yianneskis (Kings College London, UK) 698
232. Improved prediction of frictional pressure drop for two-phase flow in pipelines.C. Tribbe, H. Muller-Steinhagan (University of Surrey, UK) and
M. Jamialahmadi (University of Petroleum Industry, Iran) 701
233. Improved solid-liquid separation by application of radio frequency heatingto vacuum filtration.
P. Erskine (EA Technology Ltd, UK) 704
234. Influence of bed structure on mass dispersion characteristics of fixed beds.L. Bailey, E.A. Foumeny and A. Kulkarni (University of Leeds, UK) 707
235. Investigations into the performance of an independently driven dual impeller
proto-fermenter: mixing times.A.H. John, W. Bujalski and A.W. Nienow (University of Birmingham, UK) 710
236. Investigations into the viscoelastic behaviour of a model chocolate paste.A. McGinness, S. Blackburn (University of Birmingham, UK) andS.T. Beckett (Yorkreco, UK) 713
xviii
237. Liquid distribution and mass transfer on a 2.4 m diameter distillation tray.K.S. Fenwick and K.E. Porter (Aston University, UK) 716
238. Mass transfer investigation at the rotating helical and non-helical
platinium electrodes.I. Ceyhun, H. Sarac and S. Colak (Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey) 719
239. Mathematical modelling for push-pull ventilation.
M. Robinson and D.B. Ingham (University ofLeeds, UK) 722
240. Measurement of drop size distribution in concentrated liquid-liquid dispersions:video and capillary techniques.A.W. Pacek and A.W. Nienow (University of Birmingham, UK) 725
241. Measurement of fluidization dynamics in a fluidized bed using capacitance
tomography.S.J. Wang, T. Dyakowski (UM1ST, UK) and R.A. Williams
(Camborne School ofMines, UK) 728
242. Measurement of local solids flux in high temperature gas-particle suspensions.X.S, Wang, B.M. Gibbs (University ofLeeds, UK) and
M .J. Rhodes (University of Bradford, UK) 731
243. Measurement of velocity profiles for oscillatory flow in a baffled tube
using particle image velocimetry.X. Ni, S. Liu (University of Strathclyde, UK) and C.A. Greated
(University of Edinburgh, UK) 734
244. Mixing of masterbatch formulations into polymer melts.
H. Benkreira (University of Bradford, UK) 737
245. Modelling and simulation of the rotating disc contactor.
J.S. Ghalehchian, J.A. Grant, J. Talib and M.J. Slater (University ofBradford, UK) 739
246. Modelling transport and reaction in porous solids.
S.M. Loftier, S.P. Rigby and L.F. Gladden (University ofCambridge, UK) 742
247. Monitoring fouling in crude oil heaters.
A. Durrant, T.R. Bott (University ofBirmingham, UK) and
J. Campbell (Petrolite Ltd, UK) 745
248. Multiphase pressure-change phenomena as observed across a variable-angle
bifurcating horizontal pipe junction.W.J. McBride, G.F. Donnelly and P.L. Spedding (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 748
249. Non-invasive liquid foam structure analysis.P.D. Thomas, R.C. Darton and P.B. Whalley (University of Oxford, UK) 751
250. Numerical simulation of a heated cylinder in crossflow.
E.A. Foumeny and N. Saghatoleslami (University of Leeds, UK) 754
251. Oil-water flows in horizontal tubes.
A.P.A. Kurban, M.A. Mendes-Tatsis and G.F. Hewitt (Imperial College London, UK) 757
252. Papermaking: influence of stock characteristics on electrokinetic properties.
M.A. Blanco, J.I. Mateo and C. Negro (Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain) 760
253. Partially reaction-bonded alumina components fabricated by injection moulding.R.J. Huzzard and S, Blackburn (University of Birmingham, UK) 763
254. Particle mixing dynamics.T. Taylor (Unilever Research & Engineering, UK) and F.P. Torkan
(Ryerson Polytechnic University, Canada) 766
XIX
255. Particle mobility in bubbling fluidized beds and its consequences for prediction ofheat transfer.
S. Dietz (University of Erlangen, Germany) 769
256. Penetrative convection in a porous media with hot and cold spots.R. Bradean, D.B. Ingham (University of Leeds, UK), P.J. Heggs (UMIST, UK) and1. Pop (University of Cluj, Romania) 772
257. Performance indicators of particulate systems: effects of size variation.
E.A. Foumeny and P.M. Summers (University of Leeds, UK) 775
258. PIV studies of elutriation from gas-fluidised beds.S.J.L. Rix, D.H. Glass and C.A. Greated (University of Edinburgh, UK) 778
259. Predicting crystallization during the filling of cold cavities withfast-crystallizing polymers.T.D. Papathanasiou (Imperial College London, UK) 781
260. Prediction and validation of flow over a bluff body.N. Dombrowski, E.A. Foumeny, D.B. Ingham, J.H. Huang andM. Pourmahabadian (University ofLeeds, UK) 784
261. Prediction of the flow behaviour of a non-Newtonian model food usingcomputational fluid dynamics.G. M. Scott (Campden Food and Drink Research Association, UK) 787
262. Pressure drop characterisation of carbon in packed beds.A.J. Bryant, E.L.G. Ewen, N.D. Philips, K.C. Yau (University of Bradford, UK)and P.J. Heggs (UMIST, UK) 790
263. Randomly packed towers: statistical description of their structure.E.A. Foumeny, L. Bailey and S. Afandizadeh-Zargari (University ofLeeds, UK) 793
264. Removal of fine particles in a turbulent flow contactor.M. Zafar and D. Handley (University ofLeeds, UK) 796
265. Residence time distribution of a co-current spray dryer undergoing drying.R .A. Stafford (University of Edinburgh, UK) 799
266. Residence-time distribution of a mixed flow spray dryer undergoing evaporation.L.K. Everest (Napier University, UK) and R.A. Stafford (University ofEdinburgh, UK) 802
267. Scale-up in multiple impeller stirred reactors for gas-liquid systems.F. Chiampo and S. Ferrero (Politecnico di Torino, Italy) 805
268. Simulation of the flow in a circular sedimentation tank.T. Matko, T. Sharp (British Hydromechanics Research Group, Cranfield, UK)and T. Stephenson (Cranfield University, UK) 808
269. Single drop breakage and mass transfer in a Kuhni column.J.C. Godfrey, A. Mian, R. Patel and M.J. Slater (University of Bradford, UK) 811
270. Sintering of glass-ceramic matrix composites: an approach to theprocess optimisation.M. Montorsi, M. Ferraris, E. Verne and P. Lemoine (Politecnico di Torino, Italy) 814
271. Spray-dried particles: the variation of morphology with drying conditions.D.E. Waiton and C.J. Mumford (Aston University, UK) 817
272. Stable settling lengths for the measurement of two phase air and water flowparameters.G.F. Donnelly, W.J. McBride and P.L. Spedding (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 820
xx
273. Study of adsorbed addictive-mediated thin oil films using X-rayabsorption spectroscopy.E.S. Ferrari, K.J. Roberts (University ofStrathclyde, UK) andD. Adams (Paramins Exxon Chemicals Ltd, UK) 823
274. Study of the effect of plasticizer type on PVC plastisols by ATR-FTIR.
M. Beltran, A. Marcilla, J.C. Garcia and D. Mang (University ofAlicante, Spain) 826
275. The application of a compartment model to a vessel stirred with eitherdual radialor duel axial flow impellers.N. Otomo, W. Bujalski and A.W. Nienow (University ofBirmingham, UK) 829
276. The distribution of fuel vapour in a full-cone spray.J.M. Maclnnes (University of Sheffield, UK) 832
277. The effect of inlet design on the horizontal pipeline flow of two immiscible liquids.E. Kocianova, I.P.T. Moore (University of Birmingham, UK) and
K. Carpenter (Zeneca Ltd, UK) 835
278. The effect of macro particle inclusions on the deagglomeration of
particulate pastes.R.D. Wildman, S. Blackburn (University of Birmingham, UK), M. Gee and
R. Morrell (National Physical Laboratory, UK) 838
279. The effect of particle anisotropy on suspension tomography by electrical
conductivity.R.G. Holdich and G. Butt (University of Technology, Loughborough, UK) 841
280. The effect of phase compositions and volume ratios on the settling time for
two aqueous-phase dispersions.H. Al-Anzi and I.P.T. Moore (University of Birmingham, UK) 844
281. The effect of pressure on flow pattern transition and pressure gradient on
two-phase horizontal slug flow.
I.G. Manolis, M.A. Mendes-Tatsis and G.F. Hewitt (Imperial College London, UK) 847
282. The effect of thermal pretreatment on the grindability and surface area of twoilmenite concentrates.
R.M. Kelly and N.A. Rowson (University ofBirmingham, UK) 850
283. The effects of size of bubble and particle for separating the mixed plastics
by flotation.
M.W. Biddulph and P.S. Chow (University ofNottingham, UK) 853
284. The elastic and cohesive properties of packed beds of particulate material subjectto vibration.
S.J. Alsop, A.J. Matchett and J.M. Coulthard (University of Teesside, UK) 856
285. The influence of plate-like particles on the rheology and mechanical properties
of particulate pastes.N. El-Bakhbakhi and S. Blackburn (University of Birmingham, UK) 859
286. The influence of the gas relative humidity on the mixing and segregation in
gas-solid fluidised beds.G.P. Hartholt, A.C. Hoffmann and L.P.B.M. Janssen
(University of Groningen, Netherlands) 862
287. The loading of an electrically active filter material: 2D modelling and
experimental results.D.C. Walsh and J.IT. Stenhouse (Loughborough University of Technology, UK) 865
xxi
The mixing of liquids with a large viscosity difference in constricted pipe flow.
A.J. Moreira da Silva and CD. Rielly (University of Cambridge, UK) 868
The role of unsteady flow structures on particle distribution in two-phase flows
around cylinders.A.E. Bayly and CD. Rielly (University of Cambridge, UK) 871
Thermally assisted comminution.
J. Pocock and T.J. Veasey (University of Birmingham, UK) 874
Two phase flow pattern similarity in the horizontal configuration.G.F. Donnelly, W.J. McBride and P.L. Spedding (Queen's University ofBelfast, UK) 877
Two phase flow regime maps.G.S. Woods and P.L. Spedding (Queen's University ofBelfast, UK) 880
Understanding filter cake formation through electrical impedance measurements.
E.S. Tarleton, R.G. Holdich and S.A. Willmer (Loughborough University of
Technology, UK) 883
Variation of temperature gradient according to material width in convective drying.A.A. Almubarak and C.J. Mumford (Aston University, UK) 886
Yield stress measurement for starch-based foods using constant rate vane rheometry.G.S. Tucker (Campden Food and Drink Research Association, UK) and
P.R. Williams (University College of Swansea, UK) 889
xxii
Biotechnology, bioprocessfng and food processing296. A comparison between the renaturation yield of denatured native and recombinant
lysozyme.B. Batas, A. Guise and J.B. Chaudhuri (University of Bath, UK) 893
297. A comparison of two electrophoretic methods for analysing recombinant proteinglycoforms.M.A. Goldman, A.P. Ison (University College London, UK), AT. Bull, D.C. James
and N. Jenkins (University of Kent, UK) 896
298. A microfiltration based system for the recovery of periplasmic proteins from
Escherichia coli.
E.J. Fischer, J.A. Levesley, M. Hoare (University College London, UK)and W. Kofod Nielsen (AVP Pasilac, Denmark) 899
299. A novel membrane bioreactor for continuous biotransformations.
A.T. Boam, D.J. Leak, A.G. Livingston and D.C Stuckey (Imperial College London, UK) 902
300. A polymerase chain reaction method for the selective measurement of geneticallymodified micro-organisms released from bioprocesses.M. Noble, L.E. Ferris, M.K. Turner and E. Keshavarez-Moore
(University College London, UK) 905
301. A study of the use of fractionation diagrams to describe the performance of complete
bioprocess sequences.A.C. Bird and N.J. Titchener-Hooker (University College London, UK) 908
302. Acid dye bio-sorption on activated carbon.
G. Walker, L.R. Weatherley and B. Al-Duri (Queen's University ofBelfast, UK) 911
303. Affinity separations using perfluorocarbon emulsions.
R.O. Owen, G.E. McCreath and H.A. Chase (University of Cambridge, UK) 914
304. Agitation resistance of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
A. OToole, P. Meleady and M. Clynes (Dublin City University, Ireland) 917
305. Air drying of potato cylinders by convective heating.W.A.M. McMinn and T.R.A. Magee (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 920
306. Anaerobic digestion of the municipal solid waste of Pakistan.
S. Aftab and D.J. Martin (University of Nottingham, UK) 923
307. Analysis of variability in bioprocess laboratory assays.N.F. Thornhill, M. Bulmer, K.M. Stone, F.W. Roche (University College London, UK)and M. Dehghani (Imperial College London, UK) 926
308. Application of aqueous two phase partition for the large scale processing of tissue
homogenates.
CJ. Dale, S.G. Walker, C. Percy and A. Lyddiatt (University of Birmingham, UK) 929
309. Application of aqueous two-phase systems to the enzymatic synthesisof oligosaccharides by the 'reversed' activity of glycosidases.S. Baria, T. Keshavarz and C Bucke (University of Westminster, UK) 932
310. Assessment of the wear degradation of total hip joint replacement materials.
W.J. McBride, W.J. Keag, G.F. Donnelly, G.M. McNally, P.L. Spedding,
J. Grimshaw, J.T. Grimshaw (Queen's University of Belfast, UK), J.M. Duffy and
R.A.B. Mollan (Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, UK) 935
311. Bioprocess intensification using zonal centrifugation.S.J. Setford and P.E. Barker (Aston University, UK) 938
xxiii
312. Biotreatment of chicken egg-shell waste.M.G. Healy, C Devine, A. Healy (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) and
S.E. Solomon (University of Glasgow, UK) 941
313. Comparison of commercial and custom-assembled solid phases for proteinadsorption in liquid fluidised beds.G.R. Gilchrist and A. Lyddiatt (University ofBirmingham, UK) 944
314. Denaturation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the extractive fermentation system
yeast/ethanol/ water/ tri-njxityl phosphate.C McCarthy and L.R. Weatherley (Queen's University Belfast, UK) 947
315. Determination of milk clot deposition rates ultrasonic imaging.J.R.E. Christy and K.W. Marosek (University of Edinburgh, UK) 950
316. Direct steam injection for continuous sterilisation of biological media:an investigation of flow regimes and heat transfer.M.A. Couch, D.L. Pyle, K. Niranjan, J. Varley and R. Patel (University of Reading, UK) 953
317. Dynamic modelling of immobilised viable cell systems.F. Heinzelmann and G.A. Dervakos (UMIST, UK) 956
318. Dynamic simulation of wastewater treatment plants.J. Vaxelaire, N. Roche, M.N. Pons, L. Pereira, O. Potier and
C Prost (CNRS-ENSIC-INPL, France) 959
319. Effect of agitation conditions on the morphology of Penicillium chrysogenum.P. Justen, G.C. Paul, A.W. Nienow and CR. Thomas (University of Birmingham, UK) 962
320. Effect of air temperature combined with microwave power on the drying kineticsof potato slices.
M.A.M. Khraisheh, T.R.A. Magee and T.J.R. Cooper (Queen's University ofBelfast, UK) 965
321. Effect of cell concentration on the rheology of glucoamylase fermentation broth.R. Wang and C Webb (UMIST, UK) 968
322. Effect of dilution rate on tol plasmid stability in Pseudomonas putida inchemostat culture.
M. Karbasi, G. Saunders and T. Keshavarz (University of Westminster, UK) 971
323. Effect of fermentation medium on the morphology of Penicillium chrysogenumin submerged fermentation.G.C. Paul and CR. Thomas (University of Birmingham, UK) 974
324. Effect of micro-mixing on fermentation performance.S. Adams and V.F. Larsen (University of Strathclyde, UK) 977
325. Effect of spore inoculum concentration on the morphology of
Streptomyces clavuligerus.K.R. Paul, G.C. Paul and CR. Thomas (University of Birmingham, UK) 980
326. Effect of viscosity on gas holdup and liquid circulation rate in airlift devices.J. Rajarajan, O. Djezvedjian and P.A. Shamlou (University College London, UK) 983
327. Effects of growth medium salt concentration upon the spore germination and
colony growth characteristics of Aspergillus nidulans.P.W. Cox, CR. Thomas (University ofBirmingham, UK), N.J.W. Clipsonand P. Hooley (University of Wolverhampton, UK) 986
328. Enzyme hydrolysis in a magnetically stabilised fluidised bed reactor (MSFBR).G. Moffat, R.A. Williams, C. Webb (UMIST, UK) and R. Stirling(EA Technology, UK) 989
xxiv
329. Enzyme thermal deactivation with non-first order kinetics.G. Toscano and G. Greco (Universita degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy) 992
330. Expression and recovery of recombinant periplasmically secreted amylase derivedfrom Streptomyces thermoviolaceus.H. Brannon, J.J. Pierce, P. Dunnill and E. Keshavarez-Moore
(University College London, UK) 995
331. Extractive fermentation and the spinning cone column: preliminary studies.A.J. Wright and D.L. Pyle (University of Reading, UK) 998
332. Fluidized bed adsorbants with potential for extractive biotransformation.M. Burns and A. Lyddiatt (University ofBirmingham, UK) 1001
333. Fluoresence microscopy imaging of multiple redox modified horseradish peroxidase.K.A. Caridis and A.E.G. Cass (Imperial College London, UK) 1004
334. Glucose production in a magnetically stabilised fluidised bed with immobilised
glucoamylase.H. Kang, C Webb and R.A. Williams (UMIST, UK) 1007
335. High performance agarose-based size exclusion media as multi-functional
chromatographic supports.C.J. Dale, S.G. Walker and A. Lyddiatt (University of Birmingham, UK) 1010
336. Immobilization of p-galactosidase from Kluyveromices fragilis:a comparison of different methods.J. Herrero, M. Ladero, A. Santos and F. Garcia-Ochoa
(Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain) 1013
337. Improved arsenic and iron bacterial leach rates from arsenic-rich
sulphide concentrates.
N.P.E. Tidy and F.D. Pooley (University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK) 1016
338. Influence of process parameters on water sorption of dried potato spheres.CP. McLaughlin and T.R. Magee (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 1019
339. Influence of the non-Newtonian viscosity of blood on pulsatile flow.
N. Dombrowski, E.A. Foumeny and A. Riza (University of Leeds, UK) 1022
340. Interactions between surface material and finish and biofouling and
cleanability of fermentation equipment.S.I. Fletcher and R. Millar (National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, UK) 1025
341. Kinetics of continuous oxidation of ferrous sulphate in a packed-bed bioreactor.M. Nemati and C. Webb (UMIST, UK) 1028
342. Lignin degradation of bovine livestock wastes fermented by white-rot fungi.B. Lopez Perez, E. Guardiola, L. Naval and D. Gonzalez Hinojo(Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain) 1031
343. Linear optimization in metabolic pathway networks: stoichiometric limits for
L-lysine production.J. Palimetakis, A. Boppert and G.A. Dervakos (UMIST, UK) 1034
344. Lipase catalysed hydrolysis of beef tallow in a packed-bed reactor.S.E. McNerlan, P.M. Bailie, W.R. Murphy (Queen's University of Belfast, UK)and E. Robinson (QDM Laboratories, Belfast) 1037
345. Microbial extraction of chitin from prawn shell waste: screening of
proteolytic microorganisms.R.O. Bustos and M.G. Healy (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 1040
xxv
346. Minimization of excess biomass production in an extractive membrane bioreactor.
L.F. Strachan, D.J. Leak and A.G. Livingston (Imperial College London, UK) 1043
347. Mixed integer non-linear programming in metabolic pathway engineering.
J.P. Dean and G.A. Dervakos (UMIST, UK) 1046
348. Modelling for control of poorly-mixed bioreactors.
N.H. Abraham, CA. Kent and S.M. Satti (University of Birmingham, UK) 1049
349. Modelling issues in on-line monitoring and optimisation of bioprocesses.
L. Chen, CA. Kent, J.P. Norton, T.D. Alves (University of Birmingham, UK)
and M ,T. Tham (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) 1052
350. Modelling of pollutant removal efficiency in an extractive membrane bioreactor.
P. Pavasant, L.M. Freitas dos Santos, E.N. Pistikopoulous and
A.G. Livingston (Imperial College London, UK) 1055
351. Molecular genetics as a tool to study the physiology of Penicillium chrysogenum
grown in fermenters.
Y.W. Chu, T. Keshavarz, T. Vichitsoonthonkul (University of Westminster, UK),
D. Renno and G. Saunders (Xenova Ltd, UK) 1058
352. Morphological characteristics of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus vat marxianus
NRRLy24l5 immobilised in calcium alginate gel beads.
D.G. O'Shea and P.K. Walsh (Dublin City University, Ireland) 1061
353. NMR pulsed field gradient studies of food processing.
A.G.F. Stapley, J.A. Sousa GonCalves, L.F. Gladden and P.J. Fryer
(University of Cambridge, UK) 1064
354. Oleuropein hydrolysis by immobilized ji-glucosidase.M. Maremonti, G. Greco, L. Gianfreda and R. Capasso
(University degli studi di Napoli, Federico II, Naples, Italy) 1067
355. On the equilibrium sorption of amino acids by a cation exchange resin.S. Melis, J. Markos, G. Cao (Universita di Cagliari, Italy) and
M. Morbidelli (Politecnico di Milano, Italy) 1070
356. Optimisation of a synthetic medium for Candida bombicola growth.S. Garcia, J.A. Casas and F. Garcia-Ochoa (Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain) 1073
357. Optimisation of wheat-based fermentations.
C.S. Hunter, V.F. Larsen, C.J. Schaschke (University of Strathclyde, UK)and A.J. Murray (William Grant & Sons Distillers Ltd, Girvan, UK) 1076
358. Optimisation of whey protein removal from microfiltration membranes.
M. Bartlett, M. Bird and J. Howell (University of Bath, UK) 1079
359. Phaffia rhodozyma as a source of the red pigment astaxanthin for farmed salmon.
D. Harvey and V.F. Larsen (University of Strathclyde, UK) 1082
360. Physical aspects of biochemical reaction and separation in batch
chromatographic columns.CM. West, P.E. Barker, E.L, Smith and M.T.Shieh (Aston University. UK) 1085
361. Preliminary modelling of animal cell disruption in a closed stirred tank.M. Al-Rubeai, Z. Zhang and CR, Thomas (University of Birmingham, UK) 1088
362. Process equipment standardisation for the quantification of microbial release.T. Stanislaus and E. Keshavarz-Moore (University College London, UK) 1091
XXVI
363. Radio frequency pasteurisation of ready meals — a new process for the food industryto improve product quality and reduce process times.P. Erskine (EA Technology Ltd, UK) 1094
364. Rapid fermentation monitoring with an optical biosensor.A. Gill, J. Harrison, M. Hoare (University College London, UK) and P.A. Lowe(Fisons Applied Sensor Technology, Cambridge, UK) 1097
365. Recovery of proteins using colloidal gas aphrons (CGA-5).P. Jauregi and J. Varley (Reading University, UK) 1100
366. Reduction of Acetobacter aceti viability by oxygen deficiency in acetic fermentationprocess.
M.M. Mesa, I. Caro and D. Cantero (University of Cadiz, Spain) 1103
367. Relationship between mammalian cell physiology and mechanical properties.J.P. Welsh, Z. Zhang, M. Al-Rubeai and CR. Thomas (University of Birmingham, UK) 1106
368. Scale-down for the rapid scale-up of fermentations.
S.U. Khan, P. Mohan, A.P. Ison and E. Keshavarz-Moore (University College London, UK) 1109
369. Selective production of chemicals by biomass fast pyrolysis using two differentreactors.
G.V.C. Peacocke, R.A. Hague and A.V. Bridgwater (Aston University, UK) 1112
370. Solids mixing in two phase fluidised bed bioreactors.K. Copeland and V.F. Larsen (University of Strathclyde, UK) 1115
371. Solubilisation of denatured lysozyme using reverse micelles: use of mixed
surfactant systems.S. Mall, J.B. Chaudhuri (University of Bath, UK) and J.E. Fritton
(Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, UK) 1118
372. Solvent design for extractive biotransformations.C.G. Karakatsoulis, G.A. Dervakos and D.M.T. Newsham (UMIST, UK) 1121
373. Strategies for the improved recovery and purification of virus-like particles from yeastcell homogenate.S. Tsoka, 0. Ciniawskyj, M. Hoare, N. Titchener-Hooker (University College London, UK),C Lewis (British Biotechnology Ltd, Oxford, UK) and J. Brookman (UMIST, UK) 1124
374. Studies into the identification of the fouling mechanism in the crossflow filtration of
yeast fermentation broths.
R.C. Lake and D.B.F. Faraday (University of Surrey, UK) 1127
375. Studies on ribonuclease-a activity during reverse micellar extraction.
G. Spirovska and J.B. Chaudhuri (University of Bath, UK) 1130
376. Study of the concentration polarization layer in ultrafiltration using a microscopic
holographic interferometry technique.M.J. Fernandez Torres, J. Fernandez Sempere and F. Ruiz Bevia
(University ofAlicante, Spain) 1133
377. The binding of the serum protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto laboratory and
commercial prepared chitosans in a series of batch chromatography systems.T. Myers, M.G. Healy and W. R. Murphy (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 1136
378. The effect of biomass concentration on interfacial tension in a whole-broth
liquid-liquid extraction system.D. Hamilton and L.R. Weatherley (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 1139
XXVII
379. The effect of sugar as a limiting substrate on the growth of Candida utilis.
M.N. Ahmad and CR. Holland (Queen's University ofBelfast, UK) 1142
380. The filtration characteristics of proteins in conventional and sparged
crossflow ultrafiltration.
K.I.T. Wright, Z.F. Cui (University of Edinburgh, UK; and D. Pepper
(Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, UK) 1145
381. The flow behaviour of solid-liquid food mixtures in vertical flow.
C Lareo, P.J. Fryer (University of Cambridge, UK) and CA. Branch
(University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK) 1148
382. The impact of cell disruption upon integrated processes of protein recovery from
yeast.M. Rito-Palomares, J.G. Huddlestone and A. Lyddiatt
(University of Birmingham, UK) 1151
383. The influence of processing on the rheological properties of fresh acid-curd cheese.
C.A.F. Dupont and P.J. Fryer (University of Cambridge, UK) 1154
384. The kinetics of starch removal from hard surfaces using chemical cleaning agents.R.A. Din and M.R. Bird (University of Bath, UK) 1157
385. The optimisation of biochemical processes involving protein refolding with competing
proteolysis.A.P.J. Middelberg, N. Kotlarski and B.K. O'Neill (University of Adelaide, Australia) 1160
386. The optimisation of biofilm coated activated carbon for metal adsorption.D.L. Rowe and J. Ashley Scott (University of Bath, UK) 1163
387. The use of stainless steel mesh as a solid support for microbial immobilization in a
three phase bioreactor.
S.D. Goldfarb and H.A. Chase (University of Cambridge, UK) 1166
388. The visualisation of local oxygen transfer in bioreactor systems by dye oxidation.D.E. Cairns, R.B. Cousins, R. Johnstone and R. Miller (University of Strathclyde, UK) 1169
389. Thermal processing of particulate foodstuffs using simulants.B.P. Kelly, T.R.A. Magee and M.N. Ahmad (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) 1172
390. Using the cell cycle to enhance the performance of a continuous bioreactor.D.B.F. Faraday, B.O. Underwood, K. Jorgensen and S. Serck-Hanssen
(University of Surrey, UK) 1175
391. Whole cell enzymatic epoxidation: synthesis of phenyl glycidyl ether byMycobacterium cells in a membrane recycle bioreactor.K.A. Caridis, D.C. Stuckey and D.J. Leak (Imperial College London, UK) 1178
392. Xanthomonas campestris growth: nitrogen as limitant nutrient.V.E. Santos, A. Alcon and F. Garcia-Ochoa (Universidad Complutense,Madrid, Spain) 1
Plenary papers
393. Funding of chemical and process engineering research by the Engineering and PhysicalSciences Research Council (EPSRC).R. Brook (Chief Executive, EPSRC) 1182
394. Future challenges in chemical engineering research.J. Villermaux (CNRS-ENSIC, France)
395. Title to be confi rmed.
R.J. Margetts (ICI, UK)
*
Not available at time of printing
XXIX
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