The ZSL-CMRP Experience
Rona Joy Asis-Loma Biologist, ZSL-CMRP
Nursery
• temporary storage
of seedlings
• provide mangrove
seedlings of the
required species
in the required
numbers and
sizes at a given
time
• Nursery-reared plants
sturdier
• Small seeds not suitable for
direct planting
• Survival along the seafront
is higher for nursery-raised
seedlings (vs propagules)
Nursery
Large-scale or commercial
seedlings for sale
Small-scale or backyard
planting on site; short projects
Family Species
Acanthaceae 1. Acanthus ebracteatus
2. A. ilicifolius
3. A. volubilis
Avicenniaceae 4. Avicennia alba
5. A. officinalis
6. A. marina
7. A. rumphiana
Bombacaceae 8. Camptostemon philippinensis
Combretaceae 9. Lumnitzera littorea
10. L. racemosa
11. L. roceaC
Euphorbiaceae 12. Excoecaria agallocha
Lythraceae 13. Pemphis acidula
Meliaceae 14. Xylocarpus granatum
15. X. moluccensis
Myrsinaceae 16. Aegiceras corniculatum
17. A. floridum
Family Species
Myrtaceae 18. Osbornia octodonta
Palmae 19. Nypa fruticans
Rhizophoraceae 20. Bruguiera cylindrica
21. B. gymnorrhiza
22. B. parviflora
23. B. sexangula
24. Ceriops decandra
25. C. tagal
26. Kandelia candel
27. Rhizophora apiculata
28. R. lamarckiiC
29. R. mucronata
30. R. stylosa
Rubiacea 31. Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea
Sonneratiaceae 32. Sonneratia alba
33. S. caseolaris
34. S. gulngaiC
35. S. ovata
Sources: Brown & Fischer, 1920; Arroyo, 1979; Fernando & Pancho, 1980; Tomlinson, 1986; Spalding et al., 1997; Yao, 1999
C hybrids
Mangrove species and families in the Philippines
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Steps in mangrove nursery establishment & operation
• Site selection
• Preparation for field collection
• Collection and bagging of wildings
• Collection and planting of seeds/propagules
• Maintenance
• Seedling selection and transport
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Site selection
1. Natural tidal flow/ inundation
during spring tide
2. Protection from waves
3. relatively flat, with firm
substrate and well-drained
4. under the shade of
mangrove/other trees
5. proximity to the planting site
6. preferably close to
freshwater supply
7. preferably close to
seed/propagule sources
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Site selection Sections of large-scale nurseries
1. preparation area
2. production area
3. office-storage area
4. fence
5. shade (for younger seedlings)
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Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Preparation for field collection
1. Consult commercial calendars
(with tide levels) to select
suitable date and time
2. Collectors prepare,
appropriate clothes, rubber
shoes/ booties
3. Prepare logistics and materials
Prior to the fieldwork
Bagging can be conducted
from 5-10 Jan and 19-24 Jan.
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Preparation for field collection
1. Briefing/orientation
2. Ratio of 1 supervisor
15-20 participants
On the day of the fieldwork
seed/wilding collectors baggers haulers
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Collection and bagging of wildings
1. Look for “seedling
banks”
2. Collect wildings not more
than 40 cm (with at least
6 leaves)
3. Use a shovel or digging
blade
soil still attached to
the roots
4. Smaller wildings (10-20
cm long) need to be
conditioned 3-4 mo up
to 1 year in the nursery
Bigger wildings may be
transplanted directly
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Collection and bagging of wildings
5. Check viability of Rhizophora
propagules in mud
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Collection and bagging of wildings
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Collection and planting of seeds/propagules 1. Collection during peak of fruiting season
2. When collecting fruits, check the color and texture for maturity.
Exclude fruits with damage.
Species Seeds or
propagules
Indicators of maturitya Collection timeb
Avicennia spp.
(api-api)
Propagules Seed coat changes from green to light yellow; seed coat
becomes wrinkly and oftentimes opens
May/June-Sep
A. marina
(bungalon)
Propagules Seed coat changes from green to light yellow; seed coat
becomes wrinkly and oftentimes opens
May-Sep
Bruguiera spp.
(busain)
Propagules No ring-like mark; green propagules turns
brownish/bronze and drops without the pericarp or cap
Year round
Bruguiera spp.
(pototan lalake)
Propagules Tip of hypocotyl changes from green to brown Year round
Ceriops tagal (tangal) Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) below
pericarp or cap (up to 1 cm wide)
Year round
Rhizophora apiculata
(bakawan lalake)
Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) below
pericarp or cap (up to 1 cm wide)
Year round
R. mucronata
(bakawan babae)
Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) below
pericarp or cap (up to 1 cm wide)
Year round
R. stylosa
(bakawan bato)
Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) below
pericarp or cap (up to 1 cm wide)
Year round
S.alba (pagatpat) Seeds Fruits turn shiny or yellowish and soft Year round
X.granatum (tabigi) Seeds Fruits change from light brown to dark brown April, August
Afrom Field, 1996. bfrom Primavera et al.., 2004
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Collection and planting of seeds/propagules
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
3. Propagules should not be transported
between islands.
4. Seeds and propagules can be stored
in a shady, cool and dry place and
should be planted within 1 week to 1
month
• 10-20 days for A. marina and A.
corniculatum
• 1 month for Rhizophora spp.
5. Sow and germinate seeds. Water,
fertilize, protect from pest.
• large seeds and propagules
- individual containers
• small seeds
- seedbed prior to transfer in
individual bags
Collection and planting of seeds/propagules
Collection and planting of seeds/propagules
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Collection and planting of seeds/propagules
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
© Eric Buduan
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
6. Nursery and growout techniques of
S. alba seeds (Buduan and Ballon,
2012)
Collection and planting of seeds/propagules
© Eric Buduan
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
1. Visit nursery at least 2-3 times
weekly
2. Healthy plants have green leaves
and are pest-free
3. Remove diseased plants and bury
them
Maintenance
Pest: Coccotrypes fallax
Remedy: sun-dried or air-
dried for 1-2 weeks prior
to planting in polybags
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
4. Polybags should be
separated from the
bottom of the nursery
with plastic sheet lining
5. If seedlings are stunted
due to small bags,
transfer to bigger bags
without damaging the
roots.
Maintenance
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
1. Regularly segregate seedlings by
species and sizes for easy transport
and hauling
2. Prepare crates or modified seedling
carriers
Seedling selection and transport
Mangrove nursery establishment and operation
Onsite/backyard nurseries are easy to set up
and maintain because of access
Use of wildings: using nature’s excess to
save time
Salamat!
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