The Role of Data Standards The Role of Data Standards in GIS Coordinationin GIS Coordination
PAGIC/PAMAGIC Standards Town Meeting
Importance of Importance of StandardsStandards
Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 - fire companies from as far as Atlantic city responded only to be found useless since they had different hose coupling sizes that did not fit Baltimore hydrants - fire burned over 30 hours, resulted in destruction of 1526 building covering 17 city blocks.
PEOPLE
DATA MAPS
ERRI
DATA PARTNERS
Coordination InitiativesCoordination Initiatives
• 1994 - Executive order 12906 calls for establishment of the National Spatial Data Clearinghouse (NSDC)
“… to avoid wasteful duplication of effort and promote effective and economical management of resources by Federal, State, local, and tribal governments…”
• Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) began NSDI
• PASDA began in 1995 as NSDI node.
Partnerships
Clearinghouse (catalog)
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Standards
National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)
FGDC FrameworkFGDC Framework
• Orthoimagery
• Elevation
• Transportation
• Hydrography
• Governmental units
• Cadastral information
• Geodetic control
Focus of EffortFocus of Effort
Federal State
Local
Commondata
PASDA:
Data ExamplePASDA:
Data Example
•Digital Elevation Model
of Fayette County
•Digital Elevation Model
of Fayette County
Data Source:•USGS National Elevation Database
PASDA:
Data ExamplePASDA:
Data Example
• Streams and Watershed Boundaries in Allegheny County
• Streams and Watershed Boundaries in Allegheny County
Data Sources:•Environmental Resources Research Institute (ERRI)• Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
PASDA:
Data ExamplePASDA:
Data Example
• Floodplains in Crawford County
• Floodplains in Crawford County
Data Sources:• Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection•Office of Remote Sensing for Earth Resources, PSU
PASDA:
Data ExamplePASDA:
Data Example
• Westmoreland County roads and school districts
• Westmoreland County roads and school districts
Data Source:• Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
PASDA:
Data ExamplePASDA:
Data Example
• Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of Oil City
• Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of Oil City
Data Source:• U.S. Geological Survey
PASDA:
Data ExamplePASDA:
Data Example
Data Sources:• Published by Bureau of the Census• US Department of Commerce• U.S. Geologic Survey
• Digital Orthophoto
Quadrangle (DOQ)
of downtown
Pittsburgh
• Digital Orthophoto
Quadrangle (DOQ)
of downtown
Pittsburgh
Data Sources:• Published through ERRI, by PSU• National Gap Analysis Program • National Biological Service/US Geologic Survey Biological Resources • Pennsylvania Mapping and Geographic Information Consortium.
PASDA: Data ExamplePASDA: Data Example
• Terrabyte Image of Indiana County• Terrabyte Image of Indiana County
PASDA:
Data ExamplePASDA:
Data Example
• Major Physiographic
Provinces of PA
• Major Physiographic
Provinces of PA
Data Sources:• Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey
PASDA:
Data ExamplePASDA:
Data Example
•Tabular Census Data•Tabular Census Data
Data Source:• U.S. Bureau of Census
Time Period of Content:
Time Period Information:
Single Date/Time:
Calendar Date:1994
Currentness Reference:publication date
Status:
Progress:Complete
Maintenance and Update Frequency:None planned
Spatial Domain:
Bounding Coordinates:
West Bounding Coordinate:-74.739
East Bounding Coordinate:-73.652
North Bounding Coordinate:45.156
South Bounding Coordinate:44.496
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme Keyword Thesaurus:None
Theme Keyword:RF3 alpha Hydrography River Reach streams stream network rivers
hydrography ArcInfo navigation drainage
Place:
Place Keyword Thesaurus:Geographic Names Information System
Place Keyword:New York NY New York English-Salmon
Access Constraints:none
Use Constraints:none
Point of Contact:
Contact Information:
Contact Organization Primary:
Contact Organization:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Contact Person:Dan Parker
Contact Address:
Address Type:mailing and physical address
Address:401 M Street SW (4503F)
City:Washington
State or Province:DC
Postal Code:20460
Country:United States
Contact Voice Telephone:1-800-424-9067
Data Set Credit:McKay, Lucinda; Sue Hanson; Robert Horn; Richard Dulaney; Alan Cahoon; Mark
Olsen; and Thomas Dewald, 1994. The U.S. EPA Reach File Version 3.0 Alpha Release (RF3-Alpha)
Technical Reference. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Metadata-pulling it together
Originator:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Water/OST Basins
Originator:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Water/OST Basins
Title:USEPA/OW River Reach File 3 (RF3) Alpha for CONUS, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Title:USEPA/OW River Reach File 3 (RF3) Alpha for CONUS, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Spatial Domain:
Bounding Coordinates:
West Bounding Coordinate:-74.739
East Bounding Coordinate:-73.652
Spatial Domain:
Bounding Coordinates:
West Bounding Coordinate:-74.739
East Bounding Coordinate:-73.652
Calendar Date:1994
Indirect Spatial Reference:English-Salmon - New York
Direct Spatial Reference Method:Vector
Description:
Abstract:The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Reach Files are a series of hydrographic databases of the surface waters of the continental United States …
Description:
Abstract:The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Reach Files are a series of hydrographic databases of the surface waters of the continental United States …
Planar Distance Units:meters
Geodetic Model:
Horizontal Datum Name:North American
Datum of 1927
Ellipsoid Name:Clarke 1866
Planar Distance Units:meters
Geodetic Model:
Horizontal Datum Name:North American
Datum of 1927
Ellipsoid Name:Clarke 1866
MetadataMetadataInfo about the dataInfo about the data
What’s Missing?What’s Missing?
Cadastral and scales larger than 1:24,000Source: 1999 PaMAGIC survey
Importance of GIS Importance of GIS StandardsStandards
• Enables seamless regional integration for planning, emergency management and other uses
• Reduce the redundancy and duplication of data production
• Promotes a common set of terminology to enable organizations to describe, utilize, and share information and data
• Enables technology independent solutions
• Provides a basis for conformity assessment
GIS StandardsGIS Standards
• Metadata—FGDC Compatible• Data Creation—Setting the
parameters for how data is collected, defined, encoded, and organized
• Data Development & Management—Projections, Scales, Datums
Data CreationData Creation
• Standards for accuracy & quality
• Standards for addressing• Standards for attribute
encoding—naming conventions, common code set
• Definitions of feature types—what defines a road, what defines a stream, etc.
Development & Development & ManagementManagement
• Compatible transfer format• Continuity of projection, scale,
resolution, datum, etc.
FGDC Standards ActivitiesFGDC Standards Activities
• 12 Endorsed Standards (Metadata, SDTS, Accuracy, Soils, Vegetation Classification)
• 22 Under Development(Metadata Profiles, “Other” DataContent, “Other” SDTS Profiles
• Active in ISO standards activities
Future Pennsylvania Future Pennsylvania ActivitiesActivities
•Regional planning
•Regional coordination efforts
•Distributed data processing (i.e., routing)
•?????
www.pasda.psu.educontact [email protected]
PASDA provides metadata, data storage, and educational services.
www.pagic.state.pa.usInformation on GIS activities throughout the state
www.fgdc.govNational and international level data and standards activities
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