The Roaring ’20s and the The Roaring ’20s and the Great DepressionGreat Depression
1920-19401920-1940
AMERICA BECOMES MODERNAMERICA BECOMES MODERN
First census to indicate First census to indicate Majority of America lived Majority of America lived in urban areas-split in urban areas-split between urban and rural.between urban and rural.Creation of “generation Creation of “generation gap” and “juvenile gap” and “juvenile delinquency”-split delinquency”-split between old and young.between old and young.Major shift in ethnic Major shift in ethnic trends brought on by trends brought on by immigration laws.immigration laws.Movement of African-Movement of African-Americans to urban Americans to urban North.North.
CULTURE WARSCULTURE WARS
NativismNativism– Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan
FundamentalismFundamentalism– Scopes TrialScopes Trial
Youth MovementYouth Movement– FlappersFlappers
Organized CrimeOrganized Crime– ProhibitionProhibition
Race and EthnicityRace and Ethnicity– Immigration Act of 1921 and Immigration Act of 1921 and
19241924– Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance
http://www.u-s-history.com/paghttp://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1398.htmles/h1398.html http://webtech.kennesaw.edu/jhttp://webtech.kennesaw.edu/jcheek3/roaring_twenties.htmcheek3/roaring_twenties.htm
CONSUMERISMCONSUMERISM
High EmploymentHigh Employment
Commercial CreditCommercial Credit
Rise of Madison AvenueRise of Madison Avenue– The “hard sell”The “hard sell”– Mass marketingMass marketing
Low Savings RatesLow Savings Rates
New Consumer Luxury New Consumer Luxury ItemsItems
http://www.digitalhistory.uhttp://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_dih.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=454splay.cfm?HHID=454
WARREN HARDINGWARREN HARDING
President (1921-1923)President (1921-1923)““Normalcy”Normalcy”CorruptionCorruption– TeaPot DomeTeaPot Dome– Daugherty and LiquorDaugherty and Liquor– AffairsAffairs
Died in OfficeDied in Officehttp://www.whitehouse.gohttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/wh29v/history/presidents/wh29.html.html http://www.infoplease.cohttp://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0848032.m/ce6/history/A0848032.htmlhtml
CALVIN COOLIDGECALVIN COOLIDGE
President (1923-President (1923-1929)1929)
Called “Silent Cal”Called “Silent Cal”
Caretaker PresidentCaretaker President
Support based on Support based on prosperityprosperity
http://www.whitehoushttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidene.gov/history/presidents/cc30.htmlts/cc30.html
HERBERT HOOVERHERBERT HOOVER
President (1929-1933)President (1929-1933)Engineer and Engineer and philanthropistphilanthropistSecretary of Commerce Secretary of Commerce under Harding and under Harding and Coolidge.Coolidge.President at the start of President at the start of the Great Depression and the Great Depression and believer in believer in “Volunteerism”.“Volunteerism”.http://www.whitehouse.gohttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/hh31.v/history/presidents/hh31.htmlhtml
1920s ECONOMIC POLICY1920s ECONOMIC POLICY
Sec. of Treasury Andrew Sec. of Treasury Andrew MellonMellon– Believed in “trickle-down” Believed in “trickle-down”
economicseconomics– Cut or eliminated taxes for Cut or eliminated taxes for
richrich
Heavy investment in Heavy investment in stocksstocksProtective tariffsProtective tariffshttp://www.few.eur.nl/http://www.few.eur.nl/_few/people//smant/m-_few/people//smant/m-economics/economics/crash1929.htm crash1929.htm
THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION
Contributing FactorsContributing Factors– Maldistribution of IncomeMaldistribution of Income– Protective tariffsProtective tariffs– Overinvestment in StocksOverinvestment in Stocks– Sick industriesSick industries– High debt/low savingsHigh debt/low savings– Money SupplyMoney Supply
Started in October 1929Started in October 1929Reached worst point in 1933 Reached worst point in 1933 with 24.9% unemploymentwith 24.9% unemployment
http://www.huppi.com/http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/Timeline.htm kangaroo/Timeline.htm
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT
President (1933-1945)President (1933-1945)
Well-liked.Well-liked.
Promised “New Deal” but Promised “New Deal” but had few specificshad few specifics
Influenced by Influenced by ProgressivesProgressives
ParaplegicParaplegic
http://http://www.whitehouse.gov/www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/history/presidents/fr32.html fr32.html
11stst NEW DEAL NEW DEALFirst termFirst termMost Dynamic Period of Most Dynamic Period of LegislationLegislationFocused on Relief, Reform, and Focused on Relief, Reform, and RecoveryRecovery– 2121stst Amendment Amendment– Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation Corps– Tennessee Valley AuthorityTennessee Valley Authority– Agricultural Adjustment ActAgricultural Adjustment Act– National Industrial Recovery ActNational Industrial Recovery Act– Securities and Exchange Securities and Exchange
CommissionCommission– Federal Depositors Insurance Federal Depositors Insurance
CorporationCorporation
http://http://history.sandiego.edu/history.sandiego.edu/gen/20th/1930s/gen/20th/1930s/newdeal.html newdeal.html
CHALLENGERSCHALLENGERS
ConservativesConservativesSocialistsSocialistsSouthernersSouthernersPoliticiansPoliticians– Huey LongHuey Long– Father Charles CoughlinFather Charles Coughlin– Dr. Francis TownsendDr. Francis Townsend
Supreme CourtSupreme Court– Schechter v. USSchechter v. US– Butler v. USButler v. US
http://http://us.history.wisc.edu/us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/hist102/lectures/lecture20.html lecture20.html
22ndnd NEW DEAL NEW DEAL
22ndnd Term Term
Focused more on Focused more on dealing with critics dealing with critics and helping laborand helping labor
Social Security ActSocial Security Act
Fair Labor Standards Fair Labor Standards ActAct
22ndnd AAA AAA
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