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The Renaissance:The Renaissance:
The Beginning of the Modern Era
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Part I: The Italian RenaissancePart I: The Italian Renaissance
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There Is No Generally Agreed to
Beginning and Ending Date for the
Renaissance
There are elements of it visible in the late
14th century
There are still strong influences from the
Middle Ages throughout it
It coincides with a number of other
historically significant eras, such as the
Reformation and the Age of Exploration
Broadly speaking, by 1450 Italy is
experiencing it; by 1600 it is fading
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There Were Several Important
Precursors to theRenaissance in the Late
Middle Ages
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Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) and
The Divine Comedy
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Giotto di Bondone (1267Giotto di Bondone (1267--1337) and a1337) and a
New Standard of Excellence in ArtNew Standard of Excellence in Art
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Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374), the
Father of Humanism
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Giovanni Boccaccio (1313Giovanni Boccaccio (1313--1375) and1375) andTheThe DecameronDecameron
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There Was a Renewed Interest in Such
Classics As The Aeneid
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Works by Cataline Herodotuss Histories
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Italy Was a Geographic Expression, Not aItaly Was a Geographic Expression, Not a
Unified CountryUnified Country
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The Most Prominent Cities Were ControlledThe Most Prominent Cities Were Controlled
by Powerful Merchant Oligarchies Led byby Powerful Merchant Oligarchies Led by
Wealthy MenWealthy Men
Lorenzo d Medici Florence
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Venices Rulers in the 1420s
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The Sforza Palace, Milan
Francesco Sforza
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Federico Gonzaga
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These Men, and Others Like Them,These Men, and Others Like Them,
Were Not Only Powerful PoliticalWere Not Only Powerful PoliticalFigures, But Also Patrons of the ArtsFigures, But Also Patrons of the Arts
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Pico Della Mirandola (1463-1494)
and Oration on the Dignity ofMan
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The Printing Press Was
Revolutionizing Intellectual Life
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The Flowering of Artistic Genius Was theThe Flowering of Artistic Genius Was theGreatest Triumph of the Italian Renaissance,Greatest Triumph of the Italian Renaissance,
Such as the Work of Sandro Botticelli (1445Such as the Work of Sandro Botticelli (1445--1510)1510)
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The Brilliance of Raphael (1483The Brilliance of Raphael (1483--
1520)Was Overwhelming1520)Was Overwhelming
The School of Athens, 1510-11
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One of the Most Towering of the
Renaissance Geniuses Was Leonardo
da Vinci (1452-1519)
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His Artistic Contributions Are Among the Greatest in History
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Da Vinci Imagined Exotic MachinesDa Vinci Imagined Exotic Machines
andWeapons in His NotebooksandWeapons in His Notebooks
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Leonardo Also Did RemarkableLeonardo Also Did Remarkable
Anatomical StudiesAnatomical Studies
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But the Greatest of the Renaissance
Artistic MastersW
as MichelangeloBuonarroti (1475-1564)
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Pieta, 1498-1499
HeWas a Master Sculptor
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David, 1501-1504
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Moses, 1513-1516
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HeWas Also One of the Greatest of All Painters
Sistine Chapel,
1508-1512
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But Italy Was Also Convulsed by
Political Struggles at the Time
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There Were Incessant Wars Among the
City States
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The Renaissance Soldier Was Often Simply a
Mercenary
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The Condotierre
Displayed virtu
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Charles VIII of France
Invaded Italy in 1494
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Louis XII of France Also
Launched Several Invasions of
Italy
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Rome Suffered a Disastrous Sacking in
1527 by a Variety of Forces; RomesPopulation Hits a Rock Bottom 10,000
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There was alsoThere was also
corruption and civilcorruption and civil
controversy in manycontroversy in many
areasareas
The Borgias
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Savonarola Preached Against Vanities andSavonarola Preached Against Vanities and
Worldliness in FlorenceWorldliness in Florence
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AndWas Brutally Executed for ItAndWas Brutally Executed for It
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In the Midst of TheseIn the Midst of These
Upheavals, An ItalianUpheavals, An Italian
Patriot Was WritingPatriot Was WritingNiccolo MachiavelliNiccolo Machiavelli
(1469(1469--1527)1527)
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MachiavelliWrote the Most FamousMachiavelliWrote the Most Famous
PoliticalWork in Modern HistoryPoliticalWork in Modern History
TheThePrincePrince (1513)(1513)
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But the Evidence of the ItalianBut the Evidence of the Italian
Renaissance Lives OnRenaissance Lives On
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An Interactive Timeline of theAn Interactive Timeline of the
ItalianItalian RenaissanceRenaissance
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Part II: The Renaissance in NorthernEurope and Spain
Part II: The Renaissance in NorthernEurope and Spain
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Thomas More and Utopia (1516)
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Hans Holbein andHans Holbein and The AmbassadorsThe Ambassadors(1533)(1533)
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Albrecht Durer, 1471Albrecht Durer, 1471--15281528
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TheFour Horsemenof theApocalypse, 1498
Knight, Death, andtheDevil, 1513
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Hieronymus Bosch (1450Hieronymus Bosch (1450--1516)1516)
Curing the Stone of Madness, c. 1480
Details from The Garden of Earthly Delights
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Section of
The Garden
of EarthlyDelights, c.
1500
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Pieter Brueg(h)el the Elder, (1525Pieter Brueg(h)el the Elder, (1525--1569)1569)
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El Greco (1541El Greco (1541--1614)1614)
Diff B h I li dDiff B h I li d
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Differences Between the Italian andDifferences Between the Italian and
Northern Renaissances?Northern Renaissances?
The Italians emphasized both
religious and Classical themes in
their work. The Northerners tended to be more
strongly Christian oriented
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What Ended the Renaissance?What Ended the Renaissance?
The growing religious upheaval in Europe
known as the Reformation
The subjugation of Italy to foreign powers
The fact that the Renaissance remained
an elite rather than a popular
phenomenon.
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