The PANDA detector at the future FAIR laboratory
Klaus Föhl on behalf of the PANDA collaboration
12 July 2007
SPIN-Praha-2007 and Edinburgh
8 August 2007
• Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany
• German National Lab for Heavy Ion Research
• Highlights:– Heavy ion physics
(i.e.tsuperheavies)– Nuclear physics– Atomic and plasma physics– Cancer research
Nuclei Far From StabilityHadron SpectroscopyCompressed Nuclear MatterHigh Energy Density in Bulk
Rare-Isotope BeamsAntiprotonsN-N Collisions at High EnergyIon Beam Induced Plasmas
The new FAIR
Rare-Isotope BeamsAntiprotonsN-N Collisions at High EnergyIon Beam Induced Plasmas
Nuclei Far From StabilityHadron SpectroscopyCompressed Nuclear MatterHigh Energy Density in Bulk
The new FAIR
Facility for Antiprotonand Ion Research
Primary Beams
•1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+
•Factor 100-1000 present in intensity•2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons•1010/s 238U73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u
Secondary Beams
•Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in intensity over present •Antiprotons 3 (0) - 30 GeV
Storage and Cooler Rings
•Radioactive beams•e – A collider
•1011 stored and cooledm 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons
•Cooled beams•Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets•Parallel operation
Key Technical Features
Facility for Antiprotonand Ion Research
CBM
PAX
HE
SR
CBM
Q: Why do we want to build yet another heavy-ion experiment?
What does theory expect? → Predictions from lattice QCD:
• crossover transition from partonic to hadronic matter at small B and high T
• critical endpoint in intermediate range of the phase diagram
• first order deconfinement phase transition at high B but moderate T
Use heavy-ion experiments as tools in order to study the QCD phase diagram!
hea
t
compression
CBM - Physics case
CBM - Experiment• tracking, momentum determination, vertex reconstruction: radiation hard silicon pixel/strip detectors (STS) in a magnetic dipole field
• hadron ID: TOF (& RICH)• photons, 0, : ECAL
• electron ID: RICH & TRD suppression 104
• PSD for event characterization• high speed DAQ and trigger
• muon ID: absorber + detector layer sandwich move out absorbers for hadron runs
MVD + STS
aim: optimize setup to include both, electron and muon ID (not necessarily simultaneously)
high interaction ratelong beamtime→ rare probes!
HESR
HESR - High Energy Storage Ring
injection from RESR • antiprotons• protons at reversed field polarities
injection from SIS 18 • protons 12.7 Tm in SIS
N
from RESR
Storage ring for p: Np = 5×1010, Pbeam= 1.5-15 GeV/c;
High density target: pellet 4×1015 atoms/cm2, cluster jet,
wire;
High luminosity mode: Δp/p = 10-4, stochastic cooling,
L = 1032 cm-2s-1;
High precision mode: Δp/p = 3×10-5, electron cooling,
L = 1031 cm-2s-1.
HESR
( ≤ 8.9 GeV/c)
( ≥ 3.8 GeV/c)
Circumference 574 m
longit
udina
l
horizontal
vertical
PAX
http://www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/pax
Polarized Antiproton ExperimentsPolarized Antiproton Experiments
… the [QCD-] PAC would like to stress again the uniqueness of the program with polarized anti-protons and polarized protons that could become available at GSI.
MAIN PHYSICS ISSUES
• Transversity measurement via Drell-Yan– Direct and unique measurement of transversity
• Electromagnetic Form Factors in the time-like region– First measurement of relative and absolute phase
• Double-polarized elastic pbar-p scattering– Same mysteries as in p-p case?
Cerenkov
Xeepp
pppp
Asymmetric collider: polarized antiprotons in HESR (p=15
GeV/c) polarized protons in CSR (p=3.5
GeV/c)
Fixed target experiment: pol./unpol. pbar internal H polarized target
Proton EFFs
eepp
pbar-p elastic
Drell-Yan
Designed for Collider but compatible with fixed target
Detector Concept
Antiproton Polarizer Ring (APR) Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) High Energy Synchrotron Ring (HESR)
Experimental SetupExperimental Setup ResultsResults
F. Rathmann. et al., PRL 71, 1379 (1993)
T=23 MeV
Polarising antiprotons?1992 Filter Test at TSR with protons1992 Filter Test at TSR with protons
First step of experimental Proof of PrincipleFirst step of experimental Proof of Principle
has neverbeen doneso far ...
Atomic Beam Source
SC Quadrupoles
Detector System surroundingStorage Cell Target
Common Experimental Setup for COSY and AD
Spin filtering works (for protons) but:1. Controversial interpretations of only experiment with
protons2. No experimental basis for antiprotonsExperimental tests needed with:
1. Protons at COSY2. Antiprotons at AD
Spin-filtering experiments
•Outstanding physics potential of polarized antiprotons
•Different proposals for polarizing antiprotons, but only one experimentally tested method (spin-filtering)
•COSY will play a fundamental role in understanding the spin filtering process and in commissioning for the decisive experiment with antiprotons at ADTIMELINE
2007-2008 Depolarization studies at COSY
2009-2010 Spin-filtering studies at COSY
Commissioning of AD experiment
2010 Installation at AD
2010-2011 Spin-filtering studies at AD
Conclusions PAX
The STI believes that PAX should become part of the FAIR core research program based on its strong scientific merit once the open problems are convincingly solved.
Physics
Core programme of PANDA
• Hadron spectroscopy– Charmonium spectroscopy– Gluonic excitations (hybrids, glueballs)
• Charmed hadrons in nuclear matter
• Double -Hypernuclei
Core programme of PANDA
Charmonium Spectroscopy
• Inconsistency in c mass and width
• η´c unambiguously
seen, although disagreement on the mass
• hc seen with poor statistics
• States above DD thr. are not well established
• New resonances...
Who ordered
that?
• e+e- interactions:– Only 1-- states are directly formed;
• pp reactions:– All meson states directly formed
(very good mass resolution)
– other states (spin exotic) can be studied using production mechanism.
Core programme of PANDA
• Hadron spectroscopy– Charmonium spectroscopy– Gluonic excitations (hybrids, glueballs)
• Charmed hadrons in nuclear matter
• Double -Hypernuclei
• further topics– Form Factors, GPDs?– Drell Yan?– Polarisation?
UNPOLARISED Drell-Yan
[2] D. Boer et al., Phys. Rev. D60 (1999) 014012.
DIRECT MEASUREMENT!!
SSA in SIDIS: convoluted with other PD and QFF functions;SSA in DY: convoluted with h1.
ANTIPROTONS!! DY azimuthal asymmetries not suppressed by nonvalence-like contributions. GDA can be investigated in γ and (neutral) meson production
)κ,(xh )κ(xh asymmetry )cos(2 211
22,1
1
Spin physics at PANDA?
Spin physics at PANDA
Polarisation? Look at the final state particles, i.e. self-analysing decays.
Setup
PANDA Side View
Pbar AND A AntiProton ANihilations at DArmstadt
Detector Capabilities• High Rates
– 107 interaction/s
• Vertexing– KS
0, Y, D, …
• Charged particle ID– e±, μ±, π±, K, p,…
• Magnetic tracking• EM. Calorimetry
– γ,π0,η
• Forward capabilities– leading particles
• Sophisticated Trigger(s)
PANDA Detector
beam
Top View
PANDA Detector
beam
Top View
pellet or cluster jet target
solenoid magnet for high pt tracks
- superconducting coil - iron return yoke
dipole magnetfor forward tracks
PANDA Detector
beam
Top View
silicon microvertexdetector
centraltracker
forward driftchambers
Central Tracker Options
Time-Projection ChamberTime-Projection Chamber Straw Tube TrackerStraw Tube Tracker
must be self-quenching
PANDA Detector
beam
Top View
forwardRICH
barrelDIRC
barrelTOF
endcapDIRC
forwardTOF
muondetectors
Cherenkov Detectors
• HERMES-style RICH
• BaBar-style DIRC
• disc DIRC
4 instead of 2 mirrors
front view
LiF
side view
fused silica
Focussing & Chromatic Correction
focussingelement
Focussing & Chromatic Correction
higherdispersionglass
Focussing & Chromatic Correction
higherdispersionglass
current implementation:fused silica radiator disc,LiF plates for dispersioncorrection and focussinglightguides around the rim
Focussing disc DIRC
focussing is better than 1mmover the entire linechosen as focal plane
light stays completelywithin mediumall total reflectioncompact designall solid materialflat focal plane
radiation-hard “glass”RMS surface roughnessat most several Ångström
LiF for dispersion correctionhas smaller |dn/d| than SiO2
fused silica
foca
l pla
ne c
oord
. [m
m]
lightguide number
lightguide “200mm”
rectangularpixel shape
LiF
Material Test
Testing transmission and total internal reflectionof a fused silica sample (G. Schepers and C. Schwarz, GSI)
PANDA Detector
beam
Top View
PWOcalorimeters
ForwardShashlykEMC
hadroncalorimeter
photon detection1MeV – 10GeV
operate at -25oC
Hypernuclei Setup
DAQ and Computing
Outlook
• PANDA will be a versatile QDC detector
• novel techniques in detector and readout design
• Technical Design until 2009
• Commissioning in 2014
Summary
• 30 years after the discovery of the c-quark charmonium systems still have many puzzles
• Many new charmonium and open charm states have been recently found by e+e- colliders:– No coherent picture → their properties like width and
decay channels have to be studied systematically with high precision.
• The PANDA detector will perform high resolution spectroscopy with p-beam and provide new data on this topic. σM ≈ 20 keV at GeVs 4
Panda Participating Institutes more than 300 physicists (48 institutes) from 15 countries
U BaselIHEP BeijingU BochumU BonnU & INFN BresciaU & INFN CataniaU CracowGSI DarmstadtTU DresdenJINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE)U EdinburghU ErlangenNWU EvanstonU & INFN FerraraU FrankfurtLNF-INFN Frascati
U & INFN GenovaU GlasgowU GießenKVI GroningenU Helsinki IKP Jülich I + IIU KatowiceIMP LanzhouU MainzU & Politecnico & INFN MilanoU MinskTU MünchenU MünsterBINP NovosibirskLAL Orsay
U PaviaIHEP ProtvinoPNPI GatchinaU of SilesiaU StockholmKTH StockholmU & INFN TorinoPolitechnico di TorinoU Oriente, TorinoU & INFN TriesteU TübingenU & TSL UppsalaU ValenciaIMEP ViennaSINS WarsawU Warsaw
thank you all for coming
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