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THE WAR ON LIBYA - PART 4
The Old Imperialist PrDivide Libya in Three
Executedby Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya
The division of Libya into three separate count
old imperialist objective of the U.S., Britain, Ital
There have been at least five attempts to dividNATO war launched against Libya in 2011 is m
attempt to bring this about. The July 2011 gat
of NATO is really discussing the occupational
which will attempt to send foreign troops into
buffer zone between Benghazi and Tripoli. Thehowever, has backfired. The Libyan people hav
their country and Tripoli is exploring its strateg
strategic axis may even form between Iran, Alg
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Libya that would interface with Venezuela, Rus
and others to oppose Washington.
VOLTAIRE NETWORK | TRIPOLI (LIBYA) | 16 JU
Part 1: "The war on Libya and the coming imperial re-
27 April 2011
Part 2: "The media misinformation campaign behind
2011.
Part 3: "The Secret NATO Ground War" , 6 June 2011.
July 1, 2011July 1, 2011July 1, 2011July 1, 2011 TripoliTripoliTripoliTripoli
Preface: Reality versus Fictio
Almost all of the text herein was written a few m
as part of a series on Libya that was slowly upd
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then released in pieces. Much of it was even sat
conclude it in Tripoli, Libya. To be here on the gro
be witness to the lies and warped narratives o
media and the governments that have been us
ustify this unjustifiable war. The mainstream
major force in this war. They have made the
enabled the current criminal war against Libya.
Passing through the neighbourhood of Fashlo
apparent that no jets attacked it as Al Jazerrr
Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) falsely claimed.
media networks, newspapers, and wires claim on
Tripoli is about to fall and that the Transitional
new advances to various cities. Tripoli is nowher
is relatively peaceful. Foreign journalists have alto the areas that are being reported to ha
Transitional Council, such as Sabha and its enviro
The media at the Rixos Hotel (now the Swiss In
consistently made false reports and changing
news from what really matters. They report about
secure internet services which essentially descri
intelligence communication mediums. This is
shadow internet networks that the Obama
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promoting to topple various governments aroun
Latin America to Africa and Eurasia.
The foreign press staying in Libya have delib
paint a false picture of Libya as a country on the
and Colonel Qaddafi as a despot with little suppo
one was wearing a bulletproof vest for his report i
where there was no need for it. These journalists
the embedded journalists that follow the line of
that they are embedded with. Most the foreign p
the sacred trust of the public to report accurately
Not only are they actively misreporting, but it se
actively working against Libya. They and th
deliberately fashioned reports and taken pictures
have been used to portray Tripoli as an empty gh
Monde for example published an article on July
Philippe Rmy, which was accompanied by sel
photographs that presented Tripoli as a
photographs were taken by Laurent Van der Sti
editors in Paris who select which pictures are use
Le Mondeshould be held responsible for the clea
it is publishing to mislead the French people.
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Sky News is no better. Lisa Holland of Sky News
the words claimed, claim, and unverified
Libyan officials say, but presents everything
without the same doubt-casting language
unquestionable truth. She has used every chanc
degrade the Libyans. When she visited the bom
daughter of Mohammed Ali Gurari, where the
killed by NATO, she repeatedly asked if Qaddafi
for the bombing to the disgust of many except t
have also helped paint distorted pictures in t
audiences and readers. She has delibertly gone a
if she did not understand the reality of the sit
knew full well who had killed the civilian family.
Other disingenuous reports include those of
Boudoul is a reporter for Tlvision Franaise 1
been in Tripoli for months. She reported on Mar
all the reports coming out of Tripoli are reviewed
Tripoli. This was laughable. If the Libyans were ce
they would not have allowed her to make that sta
and her colleagues to continue their misinfor
Like all the other foreign journalists in Libya, s
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popular support that Colonel Qaddafi has among
one would never know from her reports about Lib
Much of what is being passed as news by for
the ground is a reflection of the foreign policies
come from. There is a real military-industrial-
work in North America and Western Europe. Most
are nonsense and contrary to the facts on the gro
the realities and hard facts that would turn th
publics against their governments and mobil
against the war in Libya. They have helped port
the aggressor. They use every chance they have
Libyan government and to lionize NATO. Essentia
so-called journalists are professional propagandis
The mainstream media has also basically
intelligence branch of the Pentagon and NATO i
The mainstream media has been party to atrocitie
that point should not be lost when analyzing t
British journalists have even been said to have
for bombings to NATO.
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Libya: A Nation and its Socie
Libya has been a meeting point for various peopl
geographic location. The inhabitants of Libya ar
of various stocks from Africa, the Mediterrane
and Southwest Asia. Berbers, Egyptians, Greek
Levantine peoples, Iranians, Arabs, Turks, Van
Tuareg peoples (the Kel Tamajaq or Kel Tama
other groups have all contributed to the mosaic t
population and society of Libya.
The genesis of the concept of a Libyan nation
entity started with the imperial rule of the OtNorth Africa. For the inhabitants of Libya it res
feeling of similarity that intensified after the Ita
After this war between the Ottoman Empire an
Ottoman provinces in Libya would fall under
control.
From the Ottoman and Italian periods onwards
after the Italian defeat the Eastern Libyans had
with their kindred in Egypt, while Western Liby
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common with their kindred in Tunisia and Al
Southern Libyans had much in common with their
Chad, and Sudan. The inhabitants of Libya, h
much in common with each other. This included a
shared language with similar dialects of Arabic, a
shared political goals.
Geographic proximity and a united feeling of a
the Italians were also important ingredients in est
of nationhood. Under the Italian rule of Liby
similarity amongst the local inhabitants would e
bud as an abstract national identity and as the Li
Italian colonial rule. The aspirations of this indig
were local sovereignty and unity without any forei
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Surrender of LibyaSurrender of LibyaSurrender of LibyaSurrender of Libya by the Ottomans toby the Ottomans toby the Ottomans toby the Ottomans to
Italy in 1912Italy in 1912Italy in 1912Italy in 1912
The Devils Game: Divide and Co
Libya has fallen deeper and deeper into a tra
internal fighting have been fuelled in Libya
replicating the same divisional scenarios that
former Yugoslavia and Iraq. These plans are also
chaos in North Africa and West Africa in an effo
Africa in its entirety.
Seizing Libya to confiscate and manage its
controlling its resources are the desired objective
Washington. The White House and the E.U. countr
a foreign-propelled civil war was initiated in Lib
Qaddafi regained control of almost all Libya. The
intervene when the Benghazi-based Transitional
in its deathbed and was in very desperate shape
Transitional Council was willing to make a deal w
its survival. Thus, the Transitional Council em
enablers even closer.
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It must also be asked, which Libyan tribes ha
with the Transitional Council? Regardless of
towards the tribal system, this is a very import
allows one to have a sense of popular opini
understands Libyan society also understands th
weight and representation the tribes have.
Also, how many people remain in Benghazi? T
of that city have changed since the start of t
people have fled to Egypt and abroad from Ben
due to the fighting alone, but is tied to a lack o
Transitional Council, they foreign fighters they h
the lawlessness in Benghazi.
The Longstanding Demands to DividThree Trusteeships
There have been longstanding designs for dividi
back to 1943 and 1951. This started with faestablish a trusteeship over Libya after the de
Germany in North Africa during the Second
attempts to divide Libya then eventually resulted
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forced a monarchical federal system onto the L
how a federal system has been established over I
illegal 2003 Anglo-American invasion. If the Libya
federalism in their relatively homogenous societ
forfeited their independence in 1951.[1]
Great sacrifices were made by the Libyans who
their nation. During the Second World War the L
allowed Britain to enter their country to fight th
Germans. Benghazi fell to British military control
1942, and Tripoli on January 23, 1943. Great sac
by the Libyans who fought to liberate their n
Second World War the Libyans aided and allowe
their country to fight the Italians and the German
British military control on November 20, 1942anuary 23, 1943.[2] Despite its promises to
become an independent country, London intend
the two Libyan provinces of Tripolitania and Cyr
as colonies, while Paris was given control over the
(Fazzan), which is roughly one-third of Libya ansouthwest of the country bordering Algeria, Niger,
Following the end of the Second World War the
attempted to partition Libya into territories that t
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over as trust territories. It is because of the failu
that the Libyans gained independence as a un
political scientist Henri Habib describes this best:
The Allies, hav[ing] introduced a division in [Libya], hop
time to achieve their own ambitions. In the meantime, th
the U.S.A., the U.S.S.R., the U.K., and France met o
Potsdam and at San Francisco to discuss among other t
the former Italian colonies in Africa, including Libya.
matter to the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Big Fou
London in September, 1945, and later in April, 1946,
agree. The U.S. proposed a collective United Nations Truthe U.S.S.R. proposed a Soviet Trusteeship over Tripoli
wanted it returned to Italy. Eventually, the Soviets adopt
but insisted on a Soviet-Italian Trusteeship. The British
the future; Britain and the U.S. later accepted an Italian
condition, Britain insisted, that Cyrenaica be excluded
1947, a peace treaty with Italy was signed in Paris w
question of the Italian colonies. The Italians renounced
former colonies. They were secretly encouraged to makeexchange for a vague promise of a U.N. Trusteeship
former colonies. The Paris Conference had established a
1947 Peace Treaty with Italy a special Four Pow
Investigation to study the conditions in the former Ital
visited Libya from March 6, to May 20, 1948. They also
Italian government. The Commission was unable to a
decision, and conflicting recommendations were made
desire made by the Libyan people for their independeforeign ministers of the Big Four met on September 13, 1
recommendations, they had little choice but to refer the
General Assembly of the U.N. scheduled to meet on Se
Thus the question of the Libyan and other Italian colonie
U.N. General Assembly agenda.[4]
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Once the matter was handed to the U.N. Gene
British and the Italians made a last-ditch prop
1949, called the Bevin-Sfora Plan for Libya th
territory divided into an Italian-controlled Tripo
controlled Cyrenaica, and a French-ruled Fezza
failed by a vote of one and if it were not for the cr
the U.N. would have portioned Libya into
countries.[6]
The defeat of the plans to divide Libya at the U
the end of the project to divide the North Afric
was still the internal card, division from within. T
Idris comes into the picture.
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Soft Balkanization through a Feder
Libya could have ended up like Kuwait, Bahrain
Trucial Sheikhdoms which became the United Ar
British, the French, and the Italians did not give
for Libya even when the U.N. General Assembly vo
united and independent Libya. They continued
Libya and even establish spheres of influenc
government in Libya through Libyan federalism
unelected National Assembly controlled by King
circle of Libyan chieftains.[7]
The federalist system was unacceptable to masaw the new undemocratic National Assembly
sidestepping the Libyan people. Moreove
representatives from the heavily populated regi
would be outweighed by the unelected chieftain
and Fezzan. The official U.S. position was th
indigenous political leadership of Cyrenaica and
National Assembly with the elected repre
Tripolitania on the basis of equal representatio
Libya.[8] This was Orwellian double-speak th
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sidestep the will of the Libyan people. What was
by the U.S., Britain, France, and Italy was a coun
Arab sheikhdoms of the Persian Gulf.
In 1951, the U.S. State Department had this
unelected National Assembly and King Idris:
The Department hopes and expects that all powers prev
the Administering Authorities [meaning France and Britai
fixed by the [U.N. General Assembly] (i.e., January 1,
transferred to the duly constituted Libyan Governmenindependence is expected to follow thereafter, together
by [the] Emir (Idris Al Senusi) of his position as constit
United Libya.[9]
This did not sit well with many Arabs. Egypt was
saw through the diplomatic deceit. The Egyptia
opposition were based on the following rationale:
(a) the National Assembly (which prepared the [Libyan] c
have been an elected rather than an appointed body (Eg
previously that only an elected [or democratic] National
the three parts of Libya [...] were represented in p
population could properly represent the people of Libya i
making process [...]) ; (b) the form of government shoul
than federal ; and (c) the present federation plan is
method of maintaining old imperialist control over Liby
great powers.[10]
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In this regard, Henri Habib states: When Li
independence in December 1951, federalism w
the country by King Idris and the foreign po
Britain, France, the U.S., and Italy] despite op
majority of Libyans.[11] He adds further: L
country deliberately divided by Britain and Franc
of division planted among them.[12]
Federalism, however, would be defeated by th
Arab demands for unity by the Libyan people:
Despite the initially strong opposition of King Idris and
the country was forced by the nature of things to adopt t
April 1963. The federal experiment was a failure and ev
acknowledge it. A special royal decree was issued o
abolishing federalism and establishing the unitary system
If Washington, London, Paris, and Rome were suc
day Libya would mostly likely not have become a
Libya would most probably mirror the United
many respects. In effect Libya would exist as
sheikhdom in the Mediterranean and the only
outside of the Persian Gulf littoral.
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Calculated Balkanization via Civil War:
into Trusteeships
There was more than just fate on the side of the L
had fought for their independence. The imper
divide Libya into three territories was defeate
people. In the words of Henri Habib:
Despite the attempts made by a number of powers to kee
weak after 1951 by establishing a federal system in a ho
Libyans amended their own constitution in 1963, establi
and removed a major obstacle to the unity of [Libya]. T
administrative or structural impediment to the f
independence which the Libyans sacrificed so much to ac
During the previous scheme to divide their coun
realized that the foreign objectives where to enh
of King Idris as a foreign vassal or as a local m
interests, like the Arab monarchs in Jordan and
weaken the Libyan nation.[15] Yet, today the obLibya into the three territories of Tripolitania,
Fezzan are very much alive. James Clapper Jr., th
National Intelligence, had testified to the U.S.
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2011 that at the end of the conflict Libya wo
previous federalist divisions which existed under t
that the country would have two or
administrations.[16]
Thus, effectively the three Western Europea
wanted to divide Libya amongst themselves a
reassumed their balkanization project. Britain,
have all publicly admitted to sending military
Transitional Council: Italian Defen[c]e Minister
said 10 military instructors would be sent and
worked out. He spoke Wednesday [April 20, 20
with his British counterpart, Liam Fox.[17] It is
hundreds of NATO and Gulf Cooperation Coun
advisors and special troops are operating on the g
France has openly admitted funnelling weapons
Mountains to forces hostile to the regime in Trip
unquestionable breach of the U.N. sanctions re
and to international law. The French argument th
arms to civilians to protect themselves is a non-s
It has no legal standing whatsoever and is
demands an international legal response.
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Weapons shipments have also been flown into B
Western European powers and the U.S. under
humanitarian aid. Moreover there are signs
insurgency in the Western Mountains was coo
diplomats in November 2010.[19] One U.S. diplo
leave Libya in November 2010 for making un
trips to the area, just as U.S. and French diplom
Hama to stroke tensions in Syria.[20]
This war is part of a project that intends to e
bounds of the Libyan people. Admiral Stra
commander in charge of NATO, has told the U.
Services Committee in March 2011 that he believ
support base would shrink as the tribal cleavag
into play as the war proceeded.[21] What St
spelled out is that the NATO operations in Libya
internal divisions through igniting tribal tensions
regional differences. This is one of the real aim
campaign.[22] The U.S. and NATO also know
Colonel Qaddafi is gone that the Libyan trib
amongst themselves for power and be politicall
why they have been very adamant about removing
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The U.S., Britain, France, Italy, and NATO have
power vacuum that would be left by Qaddafi if h
dies. This is why they want to kill him. They ha
there will be a mad dash to fill the power vacu
divide Libya further and promote violence. They
aware that any tribal conflicts in Libya will sp
Africa into West Africa and Central Africa.
The NATO-led coalition against Libya is al
through intelligence work and psychological ope
internal divisions within Tripoli. This is inten
weaken the regime and to make it act more des
also intended to compound the internal divisi
Britains William Hague has offered sanctuar
officials, such as Musa Al-Kusa, that wish to de
and has said that London will exempt them f
sanctions.[23] This British offer of exemption al
the international sanctions against Libya are a
with very little moral or ethical meaning or drive.
Even within the Benghazi-based Transitional
divisions that the Pentagon and NATO have bee
Wall Street Journalhad this to report about the a
the so-called jihadist elements and the rest of
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Council: Some rebel leaders are wary of th
jihadists] roles. Many of us were concerned abo
backgrounds, said Ashour Abu Rashed,
representatives on the rebels provisional gove
Transitional National Council.[24] It has also be
the Transitional Council forces are also fighting
using NATO against each other.[25]
Sowing the Seeds of Chaos: Al-Qaed
U.S. officials have increasingly been talking about
Al-Qaeda in Africa and how the Global War on T
expanded into the African continent by the Penta
point has five aims. The first two are to help b
Command (AFRICOM) and a NATO-like alliance in
is part of a plan to control the Transitional
authentic revolutionary forces within Libya.
The U.S. and the E.U. will not accept a new Li
with an independent nature. Within the objectiv
Transitional Council and any authentic revolution
there also exists contingency plans. The contin
been paved in order to allow the White House an
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should choose to do so, to betray the Transi
dispose of it like an outdated utensil. This is why
the mainstream media have casually started to sp
Qaeda presence in Libya.
Such betrayal should not be surprising, the U
have betrayed former allies time after time. Sadda
example and another is the Taliban governmen
they nurtured, armed, and bolstered in Afghani
and its cohorts are deliberately keeping the
reserve to use against the Transitional Council in
cooperate with Washington and NATOs objecti
Africa. Regardless of a Transitional Council victor
to use the Al-Qaeda card as a means to possibl
Libya to fight terrorism in the future.
The fourth aim of the talks about Al-Qaed
narrative for the chaos that will be unveiled in Lib
operations mature. It is very likely that terrorist
in Libya in some form like they did in Iraq fo
invasion and occupation. These acts of terroris
and coordinated by Washington and the same g
attacking Libya right now.
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The fifth aim is the normalization of cooperatio
NATO with the mythical Al-Qaeda figures that
and engrained into the minds of their publics to j
militarism. In the words of Robin Cook the forme
of Britain Al-Qaeda is originally the comp
thousands of mujahideen who were recruited and
from the CIA to defeat the Russians [si
Washington and NATO are now planning to use
militant Islamists that they themselves have
countries opposed to their agenda, such as Syria
implant a new generation of subservient Islami
Arab countries, such as Egypt.
The Insidious Nature of the ObjectiveLibya
This war in Libya has nothing to do with saving li
been turned on its head. Killing is saving lives, be
alive, war is peace, destruction is preservation,
presented as the truth. People have been blinded
and utter deception.
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In this conflict most the propaganda, most the l
hatred have invariably come from the people who
Others have been used as their pawns and
battlefield. All the known advocates of Pentago
global empire demanded for this war to take pla
Wolfowitz, John McCain, Joseph Lieberman, Eliott
Wieseltier, John Hannah, Robert Kagan, and Willia
There has been a total infringement of inter
crimes and crimes against humanity have bee
NATO in Libya. The International Criminal Cour
U.N. will never investigate these crimes or hold
accountable. Instead the U.N. Security Council a
political weapons being used against Libya. Wh
about the depleted uranium (D.U.) being used a
people or the bombing of civilian infrastructure?
As an example that the war has nothi
humanitarianism, the first targets of the war were
dinars and food storage facilities. A heritage b
Italian period that hosted the offices the Downs S
a childrens centre, a pre-school, the Handi
Foundation, the National Diabetic Research
Crippled Childrens Foundation was bombed to
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medical facilities have been bombed, including a
medical oxygen production. The bombings
residential areas, a hotel, restaurants, a bus fill
Nasser University (a campus of Al-Fatah U
conference hall with participants pushing for pe
forces, which were not being used to attac
amongst the first targets attacked when the war
the same time NATO even released a video
Charlottetown, a Canadian frigate, which prallowing offensive (and non-defensive) we
Transitional Council forces.[27]
What is happening in Libya is an insidious
taking place in subtle and gradual steps that
towards the objective of dividing the Libyans. Thtakes the more indebted and entrenched the Tr
will be in the services of Washington and Brus
NATO has deliberately prolonging the war and h
and increasing its help to the Transitional Counc
battlefield. This is one of the reasons, alongnumbers, that despite the help of NATO the rebel
pushed back. Even the so-called friendly fire
NATO bombed the Transitional Councils tank
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towards Tripoli are suspect as being a deliberate
the fighting.[28]
NATO has now bombed advancing Transition
several times. The Transitional Council has found
why NATO has been bombing its forces and has
in a position where it had to apologize on April
when its frontline volunteers were killed by NAT
Once again, internal political fighting amongst
Council is also a facet in these bombings.
Many reports have described the conflict as inte
The pro-Qadhafi forces mounted a fierce assault o
Saturday morning [April 9, 2011]. Following classic mili
forces first resorted to the heavy artillery firing, whic
incursions by infantry troops inside the town. By aftelanding at Istanbul street in the city centre, causing p
opposition fighters, who chose to hastily flee in thei
Benghazi. However, some among the opposition ranks
and managed to control the north-eastern access to the
artillery barrage appeared to have dislodged them
moorings. As the battle raged, NATO forces were pitchin
which seemed unable to silence the regimes heavy gun
10, 2011], NATO claimed that air strikes had destroyeahead of Ajdabiyah. The government said it had shot d
helicopters, signalling the high intensity of the fighting
well as in the air.[30]
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In reality there is a virtual stalemate. The Trans
not moving westward, but has also been entrench
positions due to NATO support.
One objective of NATO is to control both sides
as both sides become more desperate they will
turn to Washington and Brussels for a way out of
more concessions to U.S. and E.U. demands. Th
another player that can be turned to by both sides
Both Tripoli and Benghazi have talked with the
through different channels, which includes usi
unofficial positions. Kurt Weldon, a former me
Congress for Pennsylvania, went to meet with L
the start of April 2011. Weldon made the tcoordination with the White House. The U.S. medi
gloss over Weldons visit running articles about
meet Qaddafi.
At the onset of the fighting Tripoli accepted
for mediation, which the U.S. and the E.U. undTransitional Council rejected. Tripoli even said th
initial March 2011 African Union ceasefire and re
were ignored by Washington and its allies. Tripo
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that the African Union, the U.N., and the E.U
themselves the claims against the Libyan govern
most governments, from Brazil and Nigeria to Ma
voiced support for a negotiated settlement in Li
been ignored by the U.S., NATO, and the unrepres
Arab dictators they call their allies.
The Qaddafi familys subsequent requests
negotiations were also turned down by the U.S.
powers.[31] Afterwards, Tripoli again accepte
offers for mediation spearheaded by the Republi
and a repeated African Union proposal for a ce
U.S. and the E.U. undermined again and the Tr
rejected.[32] The repeated African Union prop
ceasefire, the creation of humanitarian corridoforeigners, and finally dialogue between both
democratic reform.[33] A massive peoples
reconciliation march across the war zone in Libya
which received little press coverage outside of
countries.[34]
The government in Tripoli has even put
constitution.[35] Tripoli even gave orders for the
Misurata (Misrata/Misratah) and allow the local t
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political order and security in the city and
district.[36] During talks with Greece officials
tried to use billions of frozen dollars to provide
to the Libyan people on both sides of the confli
plan obstructed and blocked by France.[37]
As they did during the invasion of Iraq, the po
started to show breaks in London. Conservative p
the British Parliament, such as John Baron, David
Bone, are starting to criticize their leader,
Cameron.[38] Baron told the British press that
has changed significantly: When it was put befo
emphasis was very much on humanitarian ass
changed into a mission of regime change [in Liby
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TransitionalTransitionalTransitionalTransitional Council sign in BenghaziCouncil sign in BenghaziCouncil sign in BenghaziCouncil sign in Benghazi
declaring allegiance to the Uniteddeclaring allegiance to the Uniteddeclaring allegiance to the Uniteddeclaring allegiance to the United
States.States.States.States.
The Geo-Politics of Dividing Libya arBroader Global Campaign
What has to be clarified very clearly is that Was
want to have a visible presence in the war in Ndeliberately let its allies take the lead in the
painstakingly tried to distance itself from the war
itself as cautious and reluctant to go to war.[
allies are in reality doing its bidding within a s
What is happening parallels how the alliance s
Romans in Peninsular Italy turned into Romes
empire. As Romes allies did more and more o
Roman Republic began to become more and mor
character as a republican empire. NATO is also i
evolving in this manner in regards to the modern
the United States.
This war is not exclusively about controlling en
the Libyan economy alone. The war also encompa
entrench the control of the U.S. and the E.U. o
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balkanize the region. The U.S. and the E.U. were
Libyan project to develop and unify Africa, whic
their strategy of maintaining Africa as a
unmanufactured resources.[41]
It is also no coincidence that the Director of Na
told the U.S. Armed Services Committee during a
mostly Libya that Russia and China were also
the United States.[42] The war in Libya is also m
the drive into Eurasia, which will target Russia,
Central Asia. There already is a visible correlatio
pressure and Turkeys roles against Libya and Syri
The Arab sister-republics of Lebanon and Syri
Syria has been destabilized and the groundwor
Lebanon with the Special Tribunal for Lebanon
same. Control over Libya, Syria, and Lebanon wo
the Mediterranean Union, which is a geo-politic
E.U. and Washington to control the entire Mediterr
Moreover, the U.S. wants to manage Libyan o
keep what it sees as its junior Western Europe
under guard and embedded within their alliances
NATO is also a means of instituting an unseen U.S
much of the European continent. Managing Libya
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is also a means for Washington to try to put a m
Chinese and even India.
NATO Africanus: An African N
The war against Libya will also be used to cre
military structure in Africa that will be tied to
speaking to the U.S. Senate Arms Services Co
Ham of AFRICOM pointed out that a military
African states and support for regional organizati
strategic U.S. military objectives. What General H
saying was that the U.S. was planting the seeds
NATO-like military structure in Africa that would
Washington. In General Hams own words:
Secondly, building the Coalition to address the situation i
facilitated through the benefits of longstanding relati
operability, in this case through NATO. This is the kind o
to security that U.S. Africa Command seeks to foster o
Africa]. U.S. Africa Commands priority efforts remain b
capacity of our African partners. We incorporate regionpursuit of inter-operability, in all of our programs, activ
so our African partners are postured to readily form co
African security challenges as they arise.[44]
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Libya is the crown of Africa and from Libya t
opening for the U.S., NATO, and the E.U. into the
U.S. and NATO bases may also be establishe
portion of Libya and used as a staging ground f
against Sudan. These bases could be established
the Transitional Council and justified as a me
stability to North Africa and as a means of prot
people in Benghazi.
The Destruction of the Libyan
Washington and the E.U. want to privatize the Lib
under the control of their corporations, takeoverand control every aspect of the Libyan econom
2011 the Transitional Council declared that it h
new Benghazi-based Libyan oil corporation an
bank under the auspicious of the Central Bank o
would be responsible for all of Libyas monetary
new Benghazi-based institutions are an opening
invasion and the colonization of Libya. The
Benghazi, which is controlled by Britains Hong K
Banking Corporation (HSBC), could also be give
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Arab Banking Corporation, which could be used
cord by Wall Street and Canary Wharf for infiltratin
The Benghazi-based Transitional Council is alr
process of exporting oil with the aid of Qatar
seaport of Tobruk (Tobruq) near the Egyptian
countries and corporations trading with the Tra
are all breaching international law. This act is not
weaken Libya, but it also criminal and a fo
exploitation.
Moreover, Libyan oil will be used to finance we
Transitional Council will use the funds from
receives to purchase weapons to fight the Libyan
also violate the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT). The
reported about this on April 1, 2011 saying:
A plan to sell rebel-held oil to buy weapons and other
reached with Qatar, a rebel official said Friday, in anothe
aid for Libyas opposition by the wealthy Gulf state after
to help confront Moammar Gadhafis forces.
It was not immediately clear when the possible oil show the arms would reach the rebel factions, but an
stream would be a significant lifeline for the militias an
battling Gadhafis superior forces.[47]
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France, Italy, and Qatar have all recognized
Council as the government of Libya.[48] The U
Britain, Germany, Turkey, and their allies hav
various forms of recognition to the Transitional
all working now to control the new institutions
administered areas of Libya. The European Bank f
and Development (EBRD) is also hovering over
pretext of furthering democracy amongst the Ar
plan on profiting off the interests from the loans
giving to the Transitional Council.
Two Parallel Administrations in Libya
The U.S. and the E.U. are trying to manipulate the
their advantages; they are literally using the
cannon fodder. The conflict in Libya has d
manipulated. At a minimum, its goals are to end
the time being and to foment chaos across Nort
sniper attacks on both Libyan sides could be t
British, French, NATO, Egyptian, and Khaliji (
provocateurs. The objective is to manipulate
destroying their country from the inside just as
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former Yugoslavia did before their Yugolsav feder
and occupied.
There have been discussions about portion
between the regimes in Tripoli and Benghazi. T
Tripoli would keep everything from Tripoli to
Misurata, while the Transitional Council would ge
the territory in the east running to the Egyptian
parallel Libyan governments are a reality righ
already has U.N., U.S., E.U., Qatari, British,
Turkish, and Italian diplomatic missions.
As mentioned earlier, the U.S. and the E.U.
Libyan military had reached the doors of B
Transitional Council was nearly on its deathbed to
was no mere coincidence. David Owen, a mem
House of Lords is worth quoting about the timi
intervention: Without it, within hours, Benghazi
and [Colonel Qaddafi] would have won.[51] T
insure the indispensability of NATO to an acquie
Council.
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Israel and Libya
The supporters of the Transitional Council acc
regime of being supported by Israel, while the
openly supported by NATO and the Arab petro-s
oppose democracy and freedom in their own cou
in Libya have to realize that NATO and Israel,
Arabia and the Arab petro-sheikhdoms, are allies
together against the legitimate aspirations of t
They are merely being played against one another
Israel is also involved in this equation. The visit
Lvy to Benghazi should not be overruled as alinterests.[52] Tel Aviv has sought to play both
about an Israeli plan to establish a military ba
eastern border with Egypt have also been circul
What should also be considered is that just lik
deal between Israel and Egypt, where Egyptian nat
to Israel for below market prices, Libyan water fr
-Made River could be diverted to Israel from a
through Egypt. Like South Sudan, it is bein
Transitional Council will recognize Israel. Lvy h
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the Transitional Council has told him that they in
Israel.[53]
BernardBernardBernardBernard----Henri LvyHenri LvyHenri LvyHenri Lvy with Transitionalwith Transitionalwith Transitionalwith Transitional
Council (TC) leadersCouncil (TC) leadersCouncil (TC) leadersCouncil (TC) leaders
The Role of Banks and Currency in the
Banks have a role to play in this war. As well as t
the U.S. and Western European financial sectors
this war. Libya is blessed as a rare case in regar
revenue. As a state Libya does not spend most itincome. The vast financial holdings and sovereig
owns have been looked at as spoils of war by a
major banks and financial companies.
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In 2008, Goldman Sachs was given 1.3 billion d
Libyan Investment Authority.[54] In unfathomabl
Sachs told the Libyans that 98% of the investme
which means that the Libyans lost almost all thei
Goldman Sachs had merely appropriated Libyas
needed it due to the global financial crisis. The Li
and Goldman Sachs would then try to work s
giving Libya huge shares in Goldman Sachs, but
would fail in 2009. Nor was Goldman Sachs alon
money; the Socit Gnrale SA, the Carlyle Gr
Chase, Och-Ziff Capital Management Group and
Holdings were all also holding vast amounts of Li
The fact that Libya is rich is one of its crimes.
save the U.S. dollar or to establish a new glob
manipulate global currency rates in favour of the
be supplemented through control of the vast fi
Libya. In order for the U.S. and its allies to
currency relationship in the world they would ha
countries like Libya are stripped of their fina
savings. Under this perspective no country can
debt-free or accumulate any type of monetary sav
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Libyans Must Stand United
History has been warped, there is an attempt t
media information about Libya, and the victi
demonized as the aggressors by an unholy co
governments, media networks, and major cor
Washington. The NATO attacks on Libya are no
effort. It should be noted that according to Britai
the first confirmed casualties were civilians ki
military, which was immediately denied by Wa
allies.[57]
At the same time, the war against Libya is onehave happened if Libyans did not fight one anothe
There is an analogy that is worth mentioning re
beliefs: the Devil cannot hurt people, he gets p
another. This is what has happened in the case o
amahiriya. The downfall of Libya has beenfighting one another. This is how Washington
invited themselves into bombarding Libya. Ther
about it; Libyans must stop fighting one anothe
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save their country. They must also address the
corruption.
Signs of Hope: Libyas Promise of TomNew Strategic Axis?
The Libyans have realized that they need to co
African path and to follow a model of self-suf
Tripoli have also started thinking about the fut
and animosities may also be put aside with oth
that are opposed to U.S. hegemony and opposed t
A strategic axis between Libya, Algeria, Syria,
later include Lebanon may blossom as the Libyanstheir strategic options on the political and securit
realized that it has made mistakes and now know
a place in some sort of a global counter-allianc
and its allies. Tripoli will eventually try to
equilibrium for itself in a geo-strategic concept
Russia, China, and Iran.
A new strategic concept for the Libyans
Venezuela and the Bolivarian Bloc in Latin Americ
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with Syria, has been Libyas staunchest supporter
war. Both the diplomatic missions of Venezuel
been very active in showing their support in Tripol
Eventually, Lebanon and Libya will also mend fe
of Musa Al-Sadr only remains between Lebanon
insistence of Nabih Berri. The upper echelons
including Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah, h
antagonize Berri and the leadership of the Amal
issue of Musa Al-Sadr as part of an effort to pr
the Shiite Muslim community of Lebanon, but i
begins to form between Algeria, Libya, Syria, and
Al-Sadr will have to be resolved in Lebanon.
In France and Western Europe tensions are als
and against Washington. Gaullism may become r
declining France. The people of Africa have also b
aware of the exploitation of their continent and t
Libya to the rest of Africa.
Most importantly, the NATO bombings have h
of Libya together too and have given the natio
mission. The Libyan people have been reinvig
sense of mission. They have been energized an
spirit has been stirred and awakened in the yout
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settles, the people of Libya will begin to clean ho
corruption and the political practices that pre
Libya. The worst enemy of all for the Libyans has
within. As a promise, soon enough the Libyans wi
that see themselves as the masters of the world.
This war has chiefly been against the Libyan p
been the Libyan military that has kept the coun
the Libyan people themselves and their resist
become tired and faces many internal and extern
has now been forced to withdraw from the war.
also withdraw in August 2011.[59] France has ev
Paris and NATO refused to accept from the sta
namely to end the war and to stop bombing Liby
Tripoli and Benghazi start political talks.[60] In rbeen calling for political dialogue with an en
chorus for months, but it has been the U.S. and t
refused to listen. This also exposes the guilt of
E.U. in waging a war of aggression against Libya.
It should also be noted that Prime Minister Silv
also said that he was told that the war woul
population of Tripoli revolted against Colonel Qa
a significant statement by the Italian Prime Minist
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cause and effect is very important here. It means
not start as a result of any revolts, but was inte
revolts against the Libyan government. This w
NATO has deliberately been targeting and puni
population. The aim has been to instigate the
Qaddafi.
The Transitional Council forces and NATO
coordinating in the conflict. This was noticed in b
city of Brega and is part of a mad dash to gain
and oil fields as possible before Libya has divide
context that Washington also now recognized
Council as the government of Libya.[63]
The security of the familiar is gone. The issue
Colonel Qaddafi was something that the Libya
about or largely ignored prior to the conflict in Li
something that has been addressed. If the war n
is likely that there would have been a civil w
Qaddafi left. Now this is something that has be
Many of the corrupt people in Libya have also b
have shown their true colours too. Libyans are n
these problems as they did before.
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Libya is not perfect and many of the Libya
amongst the first to admit it. Now many of the
fix their problems at home for the sake of savi
their society, and their families. They face an uphi
are willing to fight and to make all the sacrifi
better tomorrow. This inner recognition and will
start of authentic change. These people will no
NATO were to launch an invasion or increased
devastating levels. Although the conflict is far f
end history will judge the NATO war against
mistake and as the beginning of the end for NAT
Mahdi D
[1] Henri Pierre Habib, Politics and Government of Revolutionary Libya
Cercle de Livre de France Lte, 1975), pp.19-20.
[2] Ibid., p.68.
[3] Ibid.
[4] Ibid., pp.70-71.
[5] Ibid., p.72.
[6] Ibid., p.73.
[7] Eds. Fredrick Aandahl et al., The United Nation; The Western Hemi
Relations of the United States 1951 (Washington, D.C.: United States Go
[8] Ibid.
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[9] Ibid.
[10] Ibid.
[11] Habib, Revolutionary Libya, Op. cit., p.19.
[12] Ibid., p.68.
[13] Ibid., p.20.
[14] Ibid., p.2.
[15] Ibid., p.68.
[16] U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, Testimony on the curre
threats to the national security of the United States, 112th Congress
March 2011.
[17] Los Angeles Times, 3 Western powers sending military advisors to
[18] Louis Charbonneau and Hamuda Hassan, France defends arms
Reuters, June 30, 2011.
[19] Reuters, Libya orders US diplomat to leave: report, November 8, 2
[20] Ibid.; Voice of America(VOA), US, Syria Clash Over Ambassadors
Bassem Mrou, Syrian protesters attack US embassy, Associated Press
[21] United States Senate Armed Services Committee, U.S. European Co
Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Y
Years Defense Program, 112th Congress, 2011, 1st Session, 29 Marc
n.61 (the bombings are meant to cause regime change).
[22] Infra. n.61; see the omission of the Italian Prime Minister that the N
result of any revolt, but are intended to cause a revolt in Tripoli against
[23] Harriet Sherwood, UK paves way for flight of Libyan defectors, Th
2011; the important details on Hagues announcement and Londons
Libyan ministers and officials who were prepared to abandon the regi
respect and in accordance with our laws, he added. In the case of an
by the EU and UN who breaks definitively with the regime, we will disc
merits of removing the restrictions that currently apply to them, while
not constitute any form of immunity whatsoever.
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[24] Charles Levinson, Ex-Mujahedeen Help Lead Libyan Rebels, The
April 2, 2011.
[25] This information has been passed on through numerous sources
including members of the Non-Governmental Fact Finding Commission
Libya.
[26] Robin Cook, The struggle against terrorism cannot be won
Guardian(U.K.), July 8, 2005.
[27] Arms Embargo NATO Boarding, The NATO Channel (May 24, 201
the videos producer and reporter. Because of the legal ramifications thi
removed this video.
[28] Stephen Fidler, Charles Levinson, and Alistair Mcdonald, Friendl
Libya, The Wall Street Journal, April 8, 2011.
[29] Tara Bahrampour, Libyan rebels struggle to explain rift, The
2011; Transitional Council leadership statements to the international
its volunteers are as follows: It was a terrible mistake, and we apolog
happen again, said Abdul Hafidh Ghoga, vice president and spokes
Transitional National Council.
[30] Atul Aneja, AU begins mediation as Qadhafi forces advance, The
[31] Elle Ide, Italy recognizes Libyan opposition council, Associated Pr
[32] Chris McGreal and Harriet Sherwood, Libya: Gaddafi has accepted
Zuma, The Guardian (U.K.), April 11, 2011; Quoting from the artic
delegation, consisting of the presidents of South Africa, Congo-Brazza
plus Ugandas foreign minister, landed at Tripolis Mitiga airport after
their aircraft to enter Libyan airspace. The planes were the first to
international coalition imposed a no-fly zone over the country more tha
[33] Simon Denyer and Leila Fadel, Gaddafi accepts African Unions rWashington Post, April 10, 2011.
[34] Ian Black, Libyas biggest tribe joins march of reconciliation to
(U.K.), March 23, 2011; On a personal note, I also was told by sources
that any people attempting reconciliation marches were attacked.
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[35] Maria Golovnina, Libya pledges constitution but Gaddafi role un
2011.
[36] Michael Georgy, McCain visits rebels, Libya adjusts Misrata tacti
2011.
[37] Solomon Hughes and Kim Sengupta, Gaddafi regime staked 12b
open peace talks, The Independent(U.K.), June 10, 2011.
[38] The Daily Mail(U.K.), MPs rebel over Libya mission creep as Came
promise to keep bombing until Gaddafi regime is gone, April 15, 2011.
[39] Ibid.
[40] Julian Borger and Ewen MacAskill, No-fly zone plan goes nowher
urge caution, The Guardian(U.K.), March 1, 2011.
[41] Discussion with Mohammed Siala (Libyan Minister of Internatio
2011.
[42] U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, Testimony on the current,
[43] Lebanon and Syria are already members and Libya is an obse
scheduled to become a full member, but Colonel Qaddafi changed his
and the European Union.
[44] U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, Testimony on U.S. Trans
U.S. Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request
the Future Years Defense Program, 112th Congress, 2011, 1st Session,
[45] William Varner, Libyan Rebel Council Forms Oil Company to Replac
March 22, 2011.
[46] Al Jazeera, Libyan rebels disappointed by NATO, April 5, 2011;
allies mull political solution in Libya, The Hindu, April 8, 2011.
[47] Brian Murphy and Adam Schreck, Libyan opposition says it h
Associated Press (AP), April 1, 2011.
[48] Scott Peterson, Italy rejects Qaddafi, recognizes Libyan rebel
Science Monitor, April 4, 2011.
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[49] Daryna Krasnolutska and Agnes Lovasz, North African and Mideas
for EBRD Loans, Mirow Says, Bollomberg, April 21, 2011.
[50] Alan Fisher, Libya leaders talk exit strategy,Al Jazeera, March 4, 2
[51] Ibid.
[52] Kim Willsher, Libya: Bernard-Henri Lvy dismisses criticism for le
The Observer, March 27, 2011.
[53] Radio France Internationale, Libyan rebels will recognise Israel,
Netanyahu, June 2, 2011.
[54] Margaret Coker and Liz Rappaport, Libyas Goldman Dalliance En
The Wall Street Journal(WSJ), May 31, 2011.
[55] Ibid.
[56] Ibid.
[57] The Daily Mail(U.K.), U.S. rescue chopper shoots six Libyan village
of downed Air Force jet, March 22, 2011.
[58] Voice of America(VOA), Berlusconi Opposes Libya Mission; Rome
2011.
[59] Agence-France Presse (AFP), Nato capabilities will be exhausted
July 11, 2011.
[60] Agence-France Presse(AFP), France backs political solutions in Li
[61] Lamine Chikhi et al., Italys Berlusconi exposes NATO rifts o
Fullerton, Reuters, July 7, 2011; Nicolas Carey (who was expelled from
immediately reappear in Misurata) also contributed to this report. As
Carey has to be carefully scrutinized.
[62] Marc Champion and Joseph Parkinson, U.S. Recognizes Libyan Reb
Journal(WSJ), July 16, 2011.
[63] Associated Press (AP), Coordinated rebel and NATO attack on
government spokesman, July 14, 2011.
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Source : The Old Imperialist Project to Divide Libya in Three hasMahdi Darius Nazemroaya, Voltaire Network, 16 July 2011,www.voltairenet.org/a170819
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