TheMarylandCollaborativetoReduceCollegeDrinkingand
RelatedProblems:
TexasBehavioralHealthInstitute2016
June6,2016
DavidH.Jernigan,Ph.DAssociateProfessor,DepartmentofHealthBehaviorandSocietyDirector,CenteronAlcoholMarketingandYouthJohnsHopkinsUniversityBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth
Acknowledgments
• UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark– AmeliaArria PhD– AndreaSoongMPH
• JohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth– MollyMitchellJD– CassandraGreisenMPP
Overview
• Twoparts:– IntroductiontotheMarylandCollaborative– Casestudyofhowweworktobringaboutenvironmentalchange
EffectiveBestPracticesInclude…
• SocialHostOrdinances• Multi-componentinterventionswithcommunitymobilization
• Restrictingalcoholmarketing• Compliancechecksforalcoholoutlets
• EnforcingfalseIDlaws
5StepstoEnvironmentalChange
1. Formcampus-communitycoalitions2. Identifyhigh-riskdrinking“hotspots”3. Chooseabestpracticestrategytoaddress
those“hotspots”4. Worktogethertoimplementthestrategy5. Evaluateoutcomes
IdentifiedEnvironmentalStrategies
LocalSocialHostOrdinance
• FrostburgStateUniversity
• JohnsHopkinsUniversity
• TowsonUniversity• Goucher College• UMBC• UMES
EnhancedEnforcement
• LoyolaUniversity• McDanielCollege• NavalAcademy
LandlordLeaseAgreements
• AlleganyCollege
CampusAlcoholPolicies• Collectedallpubliclyavailablepoliciesviaweb• Analyzingeachcampus’alcoholpoliciesfor:– Clarity– Accessibility– Effectiveness
• DelphiPanelofexpertsrating38policiesand13consequencesforeffectiveness
• Willclassifypoliciesaccordingtoeffectivenessandprovidefeedbacktocampuses
GovernanceCouncilActivities
• PresidentsoftheMarylandCollaborativewereinstrumentalinpassinglegislation:– Tobantheretailsaleofextreme-strengthalcohol(190-proofandstronger)inMaryland
– Togeta2-yearmoratoriumontheretailsaleofpowderedalcoholinMaryland
Environmental scans
• Developedninescanninginstrumentstocollectdatainoff-campusandon-campusenvironmentsthatcancontributetohigh-riskdrinking
• Providedetailedinformationthatcanbeusedtoidentifyevidence-basedstrategieswell-suitedtoaddressproblemsand/orsupportexistingpolicies
• TowsonandAnnapolisoutletsnearmembercampusesscannedbystudents
CaseStudy:EnvironmentalChange
• Hotspots§ Identifytheenvironmentswhereexcessivedrinkingisoccurring
§ Socialvs.Commercialsettings
• Evidence-basedApproach§ Identifyabestpracticeapproachtoaddressingthatenvironmenttoreduceand/orpreventexcessivedrinking
Hotspotforhigh-riskdrinking
73.2% 60.3%
0%15%30%45%60%75%90%
Studentsunder21 Students21to25
Percen
tofS
tude
nts
Percentageofpast-monthdrinkerswhodrankatleastonceinthepastmonthatanoff-campushouse
party.(MD-CAS)
Atooltoreducecollegedrinkingandloudandunrulysocial
gatherings
SocialHostPolicies
WhySHOareeffective
Theory of Deterrence1. Swift2. Certain3. Severe
Evidenceofeffectiveness
• Fewerpolicecallsforservicerelatedtodisturbances
• Adolescentsarelesslikelytodrinkinlargepeergroups
Howtheywork
1. Allowlawenforcementtowritecivilcitations,similartotraffictickets,tothepropertyowners,propertymanagersand/orhostsofloudandunrulyparties;
2. Levyafineforafirstoffenseandfinesincreasinginseverityforsubsequentoffensesatthesamelocation;
3. Canenablelocalgovernmentstorecovercostsforrepeatedlawenforcementorotheremergencyserviceresponsestoaproperty.
BaltimoreCity(15-0540)
BaltimoreCounty(90-15)
PrincessAnne(2016-1)
June2015
Jan2016
April2016
ThreeMarylandSHO
1. Developapolicyactionstatement2. Engageenforcement3. Collectdatatoestablishalegalbasis4. Makeyourcase5. Draftpolicylanguage6. Usemediaadvocacy7. Mobilizesupportandprovidecommunityeducation8. Getthepolicyadopted9. Ensureenforcementofthepolicy10. Evaluatecampaigneffectiveness
10PolicyAdvocacySteps
TheBaltimoreCityCouncilwillpassacivilSocialHostOrdinanceholdingaccountablethosewhohostandallowloudandunrulypartiestopersist.
Step1:DevelopaPolicyActionStatement
Step2:EngageEnforcement
§ Includeenforcementfromthebeginningtohelp:
§Collectlocaldata§ Identifylocalconditions§Selectpolicyresponse(s)§Draftpolicylanguage
Step2:EngageEnforcement
Baltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty++ PrincessAnne+++
Supportfromuppercommand,Commissioner’stopadvisorssupportive
Providedtestimonyatpublichearing
Support fromlowercommand,Chiefwasnotsupportive
Helpeddesignpolicy,encouragingcommunityserviceinadditiontofines
Support fromuppercommand,Chiefwassupportive
Providedtestimonyatpublichearing
Step3:CompileRelevantData
Compileappropriatedatato:§ Substantiateanddefinethelocalconditionsanditsconsequencesinthecommunity
§ Establishanevidencebasefortheproposedpolicysolution
§ Usingbothquantitative andqualitative data
Step3:CompilingDataBaltimore City++ BaltimoreCounty+++ PrincessAnne+
Qualitative data- Quotesfromneighbors- Pictures
Quantitativedata- Dataprovidedbycity
universities,includingneighborhoodcallsforservice
- Consumptiondata
Qualitative data- Quotesfromneighbors,law
enforcement- Pictures
Quantitativedata- Policecallsforservicefrom
enforcement- Neighborhood complaint,
alcoholtransportsandconsumptiondataformuniversity
Qualitative data- Pictures
Quantitativedata- Policecallsforserviceform
enforcement- Consumptiondataforcollege
byuniversity
ExcessiveDrinking&Consequences
NuisancesandNoise
High-riskdrinkingHotspots
73.2% 60.3%
0%15%30%45%60%75%90%
Studentsunder21 Students21to25
Percen
tofS
tude
nts
Percentageofpast-monthdrinkerswhodrankatleastonceinthepastmonthatanoff-campushouse
party.(MD-CAS)
0.7%0.8%2.9%3.1%3.8%5.8%6.9%7.9%8.3%9.4%13.1%13.9%15.2%
20.3%23.9%
33.6%64.3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
ArrestedforDWI/DUI
Hadsexwithsomeonewithouttheirconsent
Gotintroublewithoff-campuspolice
Physicallyinjuredsomeoneelse
Gotintroublewithcampuspolice
Droveacarorothervehiclewhiledrunk
Gottakenadvantageofsexually
Gotintroublewithresidencehallstafforother…
Damagedproperty
Physicallyinjuredyourself
Droveacarwhenyouhadbeendrinkingalcohol
Gothurtorinjured
Hadunprotectedsex
Rodeinacardrivenbysomeonewhohadbeen…
Performedpoorlyonatest/projectand/ormisseda…
Blackedout(forgotwhereyouwereorwhatyoudid)
Hadahangover
Percentofstudents
Alcohol-related Consequences
Step4:MakingYourCase
CreateanIssueBriefthat:• Describestheproblemanditsimpactonthecommunity
• Identifycoststocommunityifproblemisnotresolved
• Explainhowtheproposedpolicyaddressescommunityconcerns
• Identifieswaysforcommunitymemberstogetinvolved
Step5:PolicyLanguage
Draftpolicylanguage§ Researchsimilarpolicyexamplesfromother
communities§ Tietolocalconditions§ Clarifylegalbasis§ Compilesupportingdocuments(caselaw,etc..)§ Controlthelanguage§ WorkwiththeCityAttorney/CountyCounsel
Step5:PolicyLanguageBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty+++ PrincessAnne+++
- Providedmodellanguage
- CitybilldrafterinsertedintoBaltimoreCitycode
- ProvidedmodellanguagetolegalpublichealthexpertwhointegratedintoBaltimoreCountycode
- Countybilldrafterdidfinaltouches,amendments
- Provided modellanguagetolegalpublichealthexpertwhointegratedintoPrincessAnne’scode
- TownAttorneydidfinaltouches,amendments
Step6:WorkwithMedia
• FramingforContent• Messagingandcorevalues
• Accountabilityforstudentsandpropertyowner,
• Safetyofstudents• Protectionoftaxpayers
• FramingforAccess• Op-eds,letterstoeditor,newsreleases,
newsconferences
Step6:WorkwithMedia
Baltimore City+ BaltimoreCounty+++ PrincessAnne++
- Oneprintnewsstory - Twoprintstories- Oneeditorial- TwoTVstories
- Four printnewsstories
Step7:CommunityOrganizing
Communityorganizinginvolvesa“topdown”and“bottomup”approachthatincludes:
• Engagingpolicymakersand“influencers”usingaPowerAnalysis
• Mobilizing“grasstops”support&providingcommunityeducation
PowerAnalysis
Who are the most important
individuals?
Who must you talk with before you
approach the him/her?
How do you influence them if they are elected officials?
What is the self-interest of each?
Who will approach this person?
AssesstheIndividualsWhoCanGiveYouWhatYouWant
Whohasthepowertoadoptyourpolicy?
Step7:CommunityOrganizingBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty++ PrincessAnne++
- Top-downapproach- Universitysupport- Neighborhood
support- BCPDsupport- Cityadministration
supportive
- Bottom-upapproach- Strongneighborhood
support,ledorganizing
- Universityneutral- County
administrationopposing
- BCPDneutral
- Top-down approach- University staffled
organizingtobringpolicysolutiontocityleadership
- Cityleadership,policecarriedit
- Minimalcommunitysupport
- Universityambivalent
• Collaborativememberspreparepresentationtodecisionmakers
• Usethetalkingpointsand“frame”developedintheissuebriefandusedinthemediaadvocacy
• Knowwhichdecisionmakerssupportoropposeyourpolicybeforemakingpresentation
Step8:GetthePolicyAdopted
Step8:PolicyAdoptionBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty++ PrincessAnne++
- PassedJune2015- 2yearstoadopt
- Legislation- $500for1st offense,
$1000for2nd andsub- 12-monthlookback
periodforenhancement
- Holdshostandlandlordsaccountable
- Cangivewarning,butdon’thaveto
- Affirmativedefense
- PassedJanuary2016- 3yearstoadopt- 2introductions(8/15,12/15)
- Legislation- $500for1st offense,$1,000for2nd
andsuboffense- 24-monthlookbackperiod- Tiedtorentalpermit- Holdshostandlandlords
accountable- Mustgivewarningfirsttohostand
landlord- Affirmativedefense- Onlyin2geographicareasby
universities,onlyfor6-unitdwellingsorfewer,2-yearpilotprogram,
- PassedApril2016- 3yearstoadopt
- Legislation- $500for1st offense,
$1000for2nd andsub- 12-monthlookback
periodforenhancement- Holdshostandlandlords
accountable- Cangivewarning,but
don’thaveto- Affirmativedefense
*loseifyouhave3ormoreoffensesin12months
Step9:EnsurePolicyEnforcement
§ Analyze potentialbarrierstoenforcementafterpolicyispassed
§ Collaborate withlawenforcementtodeveloppotentialsolutionstobarriersinordertoensurethatthepolicywillbeimplementedandenforcedafterpassage
§ Determine waystobolsterenforcementeffortswithCollaborativeandcommunitysupport
Step9:EnsurePolicyAdoptionBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty+++ PrincessAnne+++
- Engagedenforcementearly,investedtoenforce
- Multiplemeetingswithenforcementtodiscussimplementationstrategy
- Trackingappealsthroughcourts
- Engagedenforcementearly,investedtoenforce
- Heldmeetingswithprecinctcaptainstodiscussimplementation
- Createdspreadsheettohelptrackcases
- Reportquarterly
- Engagedenforcementearly,investedtoenforce
- Meetingsneedtobeheldtodiscusstrackingcases- Justwentinto
effectrecently
Step10:Evaluation
§ Evaluatecampaigneffectiveness§ Passageofpolicy§ Implementation&enforcementofpolicy§ Collaborativecohesiveness&momentumforfuturepolicywork
§ Changeinnorms&communitydiscussionaboutalcohol-relatedproblems
§ Foundationbuiltforadditionalalcoholpolicies
Step10:EvaluationBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty PrincessAnne
40citationsissuedfirst7months
24%reductionincallsforservice
Anecdotalevidencefromcommunitymembers
TBD
Mustproveeffectivetokeepordinance
TBD
LessonsLearned• Dataarekey,butonlyfootinthedoor• Musthavecommunitysupport,multiplestakeholders• University,parents,schools,lawenforcement,churches,neighborhoodassociations,etc.
• Alliesandoppositionchange• Relationships,relationships,relationships• Luck=Preparation+opportunity
• Flexibleandcreative• Lastmanstanding
Barriers• Accesstolegalexpertiseandtechnicaladvisor• Policyadoptionexperience• Relationshipswithcommunity,enforcement,etc.• Politicalwill• City/Countyleadership,enforcement,etc.
• Powerfulinterests• Landlords,propertyowners
ElPasoSHO
Thankyou!
www.marylandcollaborative.org
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