The Internet
It’s a jungle out there …
In the beginning … The Advanced Research Projects Agency
NETwork (ARPANET) is the predecessor to the Internet:– Developed at the request of the Department of
Defense by a team of visionary computer scientists – Launched in 1969– Its peer-to-peer networking philosophy and
protocols were copied in other networks in the 1980s
– Disbanded in 1990, having fulfilled its research mission, but its technology spawned the Internet
THE INTERNET The Internet: an interconnected
network of thousands of networks – Links academic, research, government,
and commercial institutions Connects computers all over the
world. – Growing too fast to measure its growth– Too decentralized to quantify– A network with no hard boundaries
How does the information flow?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP…– At the heart of the Internet– Allows cross-network communication
TCP Transmission Control Protocol breaks
messages into packets– Each packet has all the information
needed to travel from network to network
IP Address Host systems called routers determine
how to route transmissions– IP is the address for the packets– Each Internet host computer has a unique
IP address (about 3.3 billion available)– Each address is comprised of four sets of
numbers separated by periods, such as 123.23.168.22
Address for the
www.thestar.ca is really 192.206.150.210
Internet Addresses The host is named using DNS (domain name
system), which translates IP addresses into a string of names– Top-level domains include:
.edu - educational sites
.com - commercial sites
.gov - government sites
.mil - military sites
.net - network administration sites
.org – non-profit organizations
Internet Addresses Ctd. Every country also has a unique
domain .ca – Canada
.us – United States
.uk – United Kingdom
.jp – Japan
.tv - Tuvalu
$ Tuvalu $ 11,636 people on a tiny group of
islands In 2000 a California company DotTV
agreed to pay Tuvalu $50 million for the right to auction .tv domains for the next 12 years.
Web page Protocols
HTML was created for encoding and displaying documents
An HTML document includes code that determines the format, layout, and structure of a Web document
Hyper Text Markup Language Hyperlink – a link to another document
What the “www” World Wide Web Designed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee
a scientist An easy method of surfing the Internet
(loading documents)
Life before WWW
URL need this … Uniform Resource Locator - a
standard naming scheme for every information resource on the Internet
A typical URL looks like this: http://www.bwdsb.on.ca/
URL Breakdownhttp://www.uoguelph.ca/admissions/event/index.cfm
http://www.uoguelph.ca/admissions/event/index.cfm
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Domain Name
Domain Extension
Path
File Resource
Web browser An application for viewing documents
from remote locations They translate HTML into readable text
and pictures
Internet Access
Connection Speed Slower when
Cost ($)/month
Dialup Phone and modem
56 Kbs Modem is junk
$10-20
DSL Shares phone line
Up to 50x faster
Further you are from switch
$40-50
Cable Shares cable TV line
Up to 100x faster
More users online
$40-50
Sources http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/ivh/chap2.
htm http://computer.howstuffworks.com/nat.htm http://www.toolsforselling.com/v1/1/iplookup.
htm http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm http://www.informationweek
.com/story/IWK20000414S0001 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/
geos/tv.html
Top Related