The Initiative for aA United Nations
Emergency Peace Service
An overview of the proposal & global movement to address our five big
challenges in preventing and managing armed conflict
2
Challenges Leading to Crisis
1. Preventing genocide & crimes against humanity
3
Challenges leading to crisis:
2. Preventing armed conflict
4
3. Protecting civilians at risk
Challenges leading to crisis:
5
4. Prompt start-up of peace operations
Challenges leading to crisis:
6
5. Addressing human needs in emergencies
Challenges leading to crisis:
A United Nations Emergency Peace Service
8
What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service?
A permanent UN formation
A ‘first responder’ available immediately
Requires authorization by the UN Security Council
Multidimensional and multifunctional service
Military, police and civilian elements
Prepared for rapid deployment to diverse crisis
Pre-trained, well-equipped 16,000 personnel
9
What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service?
(Structure)
Co-located at a new UN base
Static operational headquarters
Two mobile field headquarters
Integrated, modular formation
Robust security
Civilian police
Skills and services to address human needs
10
Office ofOffice ofSRSGSRSG
Pers 3 MIL, 2 POL,10 CIV.-Senior MILAD, POLAD & CIVAD-Policy & Legal
EMC LiaisonEMC LiaisonCell: DPA, DPKO, OCHA,UNHCR, Field Log & National Support
SUPPORTSUPPORT
Pers 50 MIL, 10 POL&CIV Pers 100 MIL, 1500CIV-Contingency Move -Administration Planning -Personnel-Staging -Housing-Mission Support -Finance-Rotation/Augmentation -Host Nation Support Planning-Airlift/Sealift Contracting-Deployable Movement Support Teams
Deployment Cell
Base Support & Infrastructure
OPERATIONSOPERATIONS
Pers 100 MIL Pers 25 POL Pers 25 CIV -Contingency -Contingency -Contingency Planning Planning Planning -Operations -Operations -Operations -Training -Training -Training -Logistics -Personnel -Personnel -Personnel -Legal Advisors -Advisors
[Joint 24/7 OPS Cell]
MilitaryStaff
CIVPOLStaff
CivilianStaff
TRAININGTRAINING
Pers 5 MIL, 2 POL., 2 CIV Pers 10 MIL, 2 POL, 2 CIV Pers 4 MIL, 2 POL, 4 CIV -Ongoing Development of -Set & Assess Standards -Long-Term Planning Doctrine -Course & Curricula -Lessons Learned -SOPS Development -Multidisciplinary -ROE Options -Training & Exercises Think Tank -Interoperability
Doctrine Training Standards
Research &Analysis
Military Police Civilian
Annex A
Operational Level
UN Emergency Peace Service
Permanent Operational Level
Headquarters and Base
Personnel:
270 MIL
40 POL
1540 CIV
SRSGSRSG
DEPLOYABLE ELEMENTSDEPLOYABLE ELEMENTS
11
Mission HQ (Tactical) Civilian Police
Companies
Disaster Relief &Humanitarian
Assistance Team
Human RightsMonitors & Educators
Conflict Resolution Teams
Peacebuilding Advisory Teams
DDDRRR team
Environmental Crisis Response
Team
Medical Teams
Public Affairs
Technical Recce Unit
Light Armoured
RecceUnit
Motorized Light Infantry
Battalion
Amoured (Wheeled)
Infantry Battalion
Helicopter Squardron
Engineer Battalion
Medical Unit
MIL-450 Pers
2 flights of 8 utility Helis
1 flight of 3 Heavy Lift Helis
1 flight of Armed Scout Helis
MIL- 2 x 600 Pers
MIL- 2 x 600 Pers
MIL- 4 x 50 Pers
Augmented by CIV
MIL-500 Pers
-3 Field Squadrons
-3 Support Troops
MIL-400 Pers
-Forward Surgical Teams
POL- 3 x 125 Per
CIV- 2 x 30 Per
CIV- 2 x 10 Per
CIV – 2 x 10 Pers
CIV- 2 x 10 Pers
CIV- 10 Pers
CIV- 10 Pers
CIV- 100 Pers
CIV- 2 x 10 Pers
Civilian PoliceCompanies
Civilian PoliceCompanies
Mission HQ(Tactical)
Technical Recce Unit
Technical Recce Unit
Light Armoured
RecceUnit
Motorized Light Infantry
Battalion
Amoured (Wheeled)
Infantry Battalion
Disaster Relief &Humanitarian
Assistance Team
Human RightsMonitors & Educators
Conflict Resolution Teams
Public Affairs
Annex B. Composition of Deployable ElementsDeployable Elements for a UN Emergency Peace ServiceUN Emergency Peace Service(assume 2 MHQ with 2 complete formations)
(assigned to UN Base under a Static Operational HQ and 2 Missions HQs)Total Personnel in Each: MIL 5000, CIV 304, POL 400
MSN HQ Includes:Military, Police and Civilian StaffPolitical and Legal AdviceTranslation/Comms/Signals/Intell.Defense & Security PlatoonNGO Liaison Team
Deputy/SRSG
Military&Police Commander
MIL-1 x 250 Pers
CIV-1 x 20 Pers
POL- 1 x 20 Pers
Technical Recce Unit
Logistics Battalion
MIL- 2 x 150 Pers
MIL- 1 x 500 Pers
12
A ‘UN 911’ designed to be:
• A complement to existing arrangements (UN, national, and regional)
• A ‘lead service’ or ‘first-responder’
• Deployable within 48 hrs, sustainable for 6 months
• Competent in diverse emergencies
• A cost-effective investment for ‘we the people’ and the international community
UNEPS Key Components
13
Criteria for Deployment(short list)
• An emergency or complex emergency only;• Authorization from the UN Security Council;• A clear & viable mandate with appropriate
ROE & SOFAs;• A reasonable expectation of success;• A high probability of augmentation, prompt
arrangements for extraction after six months, with (or without) rotation & sufficient support.
14
UNEPS is for Emergencies onlyDefinitions of an ‘emergency’:• a serious situation that happens unexpectedly and demands
immediate action. • a sudden, volatile crisis, with an urgent need for action or
assistance.
Definition of a “complex emergency”:• A crisis typically characterized by: extensive violence and loss
of life; massive displacements of people; widespread damage to societies and economies; the need for large-scale, multi-faceted humanitarian assistance; the hindrance or prevention of humanitarian assistance by political and military constraints; and, significant security risks for humanitarian relief workers in some areas.”
15
Additional Criteria (for Deployment of UNEPS)
• there must be a just cause;
• intervention must be undertaken with a right in tention;
• it should occur only when there is an immediate, evident threat (of armed conflict or gross violations of international humanitarian and human rights law);
• the means employed must be proportional to and consistent with the ends sought; and (6) there needs to be a reasonable prospect of success.
• N.B. For UNEPS to work rapidly, the fourth criteria from the report of the ICISS, stipulating intervention should only arise as a last resort, once all other options were exhausted must be modestly revised to account for emergencies.
16
Merit and professionalism
Universal representation
Gender equitable representation
Not national/political affiliation
Contracted and assigned
Extensive preparation/training
Reliability, readiness, dedication
Flexibility in managing diverse assignments
Paid, full-time (UN Civil Servant)
Recruitment & Personnel Selection
17
Recruitment: Is This Really Credible or Any Improvement?
As noted in the 1995 Canadian report, Towards A Rapid Reaction Capability For The United Nations:
“As professional volunteers develop into a cohesive UN force, they can assume responsibility for some of the riskier operations mandated by the Council, but for which troop contributors have been hesitant to contribute.
UN volunteers offer the best prospect of a completely reliable, well-trained rapid reaction capability.
Without the need to consult national authorities, the UN could cut response time significantly, and volunteers could be deployed within hours of a Security Council decision…
No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”
... “No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”
... “No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”
18
Process for Recruitment
• Similar to all UN civil-servants;• Specific positions would be advertised world-wide;• Individuals submit an application, including their
resume and credentials for specific skills, training and experience for employment within UNEPS;
• A specific UN recruitment team would be developed to: review applications, verify qualifications, interview, screen, test and assess competence, as well as dedication prior to selecting any for employment in UNEPS.
19
Why this Model for UNEPS?
• Alleviates pressure on national governments
• Builds on and beyond the existing UN foundation to complement UN and regional arrangements
• Universal composition to ensure universal legitimacy
• Advanced training, equipment and standards to ensure cohesive sophisticated service
20
• Corresponds to requirements of UN missions
• Provides useful incentives to address human needs
• Assures services to restore law and order
• Maintains robust disincentives to dissuade or deter and repel further violence
• Ensures a more rapid, reliable, effective response when the need is imminent
Why this Model for UNEPS?
21
• Provides a dedicated, ‘lead service’; a ‘first responder’ for the critical, initial 4-6 months of complex peace operations.
• Functions until replacement/rotation needed and secured from multinational contingents
• Provides a modular formation that can be tailored
• Cost-effective and a sound investment for saving lives and money
Why this Model for UNEPS?
22
1. Number of armed conflicts and war crimes
2. Massive suffering and violent deaths
3. Size, duration and number of peacekeeping operations
4. Pressure on national governments and national armed
forces to contribute in the high-risk, critical start-up
phase of operations
5. High costs associated with violent conflict and post
conflict reconstruction
UNEPS would Help Reduce:
23
Applicability If available, where & when?
• Rwanda• Srebrenica• East Timor• Haiti• Sierra Leone• The Democratic Republic of the Congo• Darfur• Cote D’Ivoire• Libya
24
ApplicabilityWhere now or soon?
We don’t know, but it’s conceivable that such a need will arise within:
• Libya• Bahrain• The Sudan and Darfur• The Democratic Republic of the Congo• Somalia• Myanmar
With accelerated climate change leading to flooding, there is the prospect of vast desperation and massive refugee flows into weak states. It is now difficult to ignore the probability of a higher incidence of armed conflict. We are not prepared!
25
Any wider potential?
Possibly, an ‘over-the-horizon security guarantor’ to initiate a much-needed process to facilitate:
• Wider disarmament
• Wider development
• Wider efforts at environmental protection
• Global Human Security
How?
26
Any Wider Potential? Yes!
“There is an inseparable relationship between the scaling down of national armaments on the one hand and the building up of international peacekeeping machinery and institutions on the other. Nations are unlikely to shed their means of self-protection in the absence of alternative ways to safeguard their legitimate interests. This can only be achieved through the progressive strengthening of international institutions under the United Nations and by creating a United Nations Peace Force to enforce the peace as the disarmament process proceeds.” U.S. State Department, "Freedom From War", 1961
27
To date, representatives of diverse sectors in the South and North agreed that:
Concept is far more appealing
Case is more compelling
Model is more appropriate
UNEPS has more potential
28
UNEPS Research
There is a need for further work to:
• identify and elaborate upon the various requirements at the political, strategic, operational and tactical level;
• provide detail on the projected start-up costs, as well as annual recurring costs and deployment costs of a UNEPS;
• develop a coherent strategic plan.
29
The UNEPS Initiative(Global Coalition Building)
Insufficient leadership, support & funding
There is a need to:
• Ensure a more inclusive process;
• Expand global educational outreach; &
• Build networks among civil society and member states.
30
Attract and mobilize people organizations governments
Support partnerships global network
UNEPS Potential
31
Objectives for 2011
• Educational outreach;
• Ongoing research to detail requirements;
• Generate constituency world-wide at all levels;
• Be prepared for a favorable moment soon.
Ideas don’t work unless we do!Together, we might make a difference…
Your Thoughts & Questions?
33
Special thanks for permission to use photos is extended to:
The United Nations
Human Rights Watch
Genocide Watch
Presentation created by:
Dr. H. Peter Langille, Global Common Security.org
Robbyn Evans, rae Communications.com
Credits
Top Related