The importance of a chain between forests as natural capital and wood as raw a material
Italian Ministry for the Environment Land and Sea
Italian Delegation to the Alpine Conventionand
Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
Ljubljana May 25, 2015 Dr. Rinaldo COMINO
Forest Officer of the Regional Directorate for productive activities, trade, cooperation, agricultural and forest
resources [email protected]
I
SLO
A
F
CH
HR
BiH
H
Italian Framework
1) National Level: the national wood chain plan Ministry Environment – Agricolture
2) Cooperation level on the Alpine area: Working Group “Mountain Forest” of the Alpine Convention chaired by Italy
Framework Convention
Spatial Planning and Sustainable
Development
Conservation of nature and countryside
Soil conservation
Energy
Mountain farming
Mountain forests
Tourism
Transport
The statement on the value of the alpine forests
Main results from the Italian Presidency 2013-2014 of the Alpine Convention
Guidelines for climate change adaptation addressing also forest issue
These results from the Italian Presidency 2013-2014 of the Alpine Convention was
Approved by XIII Conference of the Alps by the Alpine Ministers of
Environment (Turin, November 21, 2014)
Presented to an international expert audience during the UNFCCC COP20 on Climate Change (Lima, Peru, 1-12 December 2014)
We would like to invite you to the next meeting jointly organized for the 3rd of June in Milano by
MOUNTAIN WEEK 4-11 June in EXPO 2015
The importance of a chain between forests as natural capital and wood as raw a material
Topic 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
Topic 4: The financial measures of the Rural Development Plan
2014-20 for the forestry sector
Topic 3: The national wood chain plan
Topic 2: The poplar cultivation
Topic 5: Competence of the State and the Regions
ITALY (national forest inventory data):
Forest area in 1985 8.600.000 hectares (28 % of the national territory)
Forest area in 2005 10.300.000 hectares (34 % of the national territory)
Forest area in 2015 10.900.000 hectares (preliminary estimates, 36% of the national territory)
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
It is important to consider that the Inventory of 1985 has adopted a different definition of forest: the target of minimum covering increased from 20% to 10% and the minimum size from 2,000 m² to 5,000 m²
Italian forest area has been subject, from the late '40s, to a process of gradual and continuous growth, due not only to reforestation measures, but also due to a natural increasingly recolonization of abandoned farmland
The regions with the highest percentage of surface Forest are Liguria, Trentino, Sardinia, Tuscany and South Tyrol, where more than half of the territory It is covered by forests.
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
At national level, the most common forest categories are the oak and beech woods forests. The 68% of the forests consists of predominantly deciduous trees. The predominance of deciduous is common throughout the country, except for some Alpine backgrounds (Valley of Aosta, Trentino and South Tyrol).
oak woods Quercus roburQuercus petraeaQuercus cerrisQuercus frainettoQuercus trojanaand others
coniferous woodsPicea abiesAbies albaLarix deciduaPinus sylvestrisPinus nigraPinus cembra And others
Incremento della superficie forestale in FVG
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
350.000
anni 60 anni 80 anni 90 anni 2000
etta
ri
60s 80s 90s 2000
hect
ares
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
years
Increase of forest area in the region
Friuli Venezia Giulia
The Region Friuli Venezia Giulia has a land area of 785.800 hectares.
About 93% of the forest is located in the mountains, only about 7% in the plains
Of these, about 324,000 are covered by forest, or 41% of the total
39% of the forest is planned and corresponds to about 124,800 hectares (blue color corresponds to the total area covered by Forestry Management Plan)
SUPERFICI FORESTALI
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
all regions have actually an increasing forest area
Private forest area: 5.800.000 hectares
Public forest area: 5.100.000 hectares
Available area to timber harvesting: > 80%
annual increase 36.000.000 m3
annual average utilization 9.600.000 m3 (corresponding to approximately 27% of the annual increase, compared to 65% of the European average, with varied situations from region to region, but with no many positive situations such as Trentino and South Tyrol with approximately 50%)
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
Timber for industry Wood for energy useFonte: piano di settore della filiera legno
cubic metersharvesting intensity trend in Italy
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
Timber industry(beams - travi, big
poles, round timber, veneer, roundwood
for pastry, roundwood for saw, timber for
shredding - triturazione, etc.)
Firewood Total
Coniferous woods (m3)
200520062007
Total (m3)
200520062007
Deciduous woods (m3)
200520062007
dow
nwar
d tr
end
The trend of utilization is negative and reflects a low interest among forest owners, inadequate forests infrastructure, excessive bureaucracy, companies however small and little or nothing in the network etc.
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
150,000
160,000
170,000
180,000
190,000
179,851
155,405159,271
147,433160,998
144,916
181,832
174,461
168,117
144,494
128,347
154,153
120,065
145,678
111,540
Forest harvesting FVG 1999-2013
year
m3
Andamento prelievo del legname nelle forestedi proprietà della Regione FVG 1993-2012
16.3
03
10.9
40
11.1
66
7.78
3 9.46
6
5.53
3
3.07
5 4.79
3
2.62
5
5.26
1
3.21
8
3.36
4
8.67
9
9.14
3
9.22
2
11.8
78
7.77
1
14.6
14 15.5
15 16.9
64
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
18.000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
The region with about 10.000 hectares of woodland and a total of 15.000 hectares property has a trend of withdrawals in contrast, motivated by the change of objectives, strategy and operating mode in the late '90s
Forest harvesting in the properties of FVG
Availability of data for the decision not to sell the forest standing but prepared timber
www.borsalegno.fvg.it
In 2010 the 32% of the total wood harvested in Italy (2.415.000 m3) was industrial roundwood (lumber, veneer and saw logs, for pasta and other lumber for industrial use). Most of this production (60%) is concentrated in the North-East of the country, where there are the most important productive high forests of the country.
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
As for firewood, 90% comes from deciduous woodlands, especially from mixed oak (47%) with predominant coppice government, typical of Central Italy.Deciduous woodlands represent more than 50% of the commercially productive forests.
upw
ard
tren
d
Italy is the world's largest importer of firewood and the fourth in chips and waste wood. In 2009, Italy imported 0,48 million tons of firewood and charcoal
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
SECTORS companies employees
Companies for wood harvesting (*) - 43.000
Wood processing industry 40.400 (**) 166.500 (*)
Mobile - equipment industry (**) 33.140 222.450
Manufact. of pulp, paper and cardboard (***) 4.570 83.600
Total 78.110 515.500
Enterprises and employees of the forest, wood
Fonte: (*) da tab.6.5a, State of Europe's Forest 2011 - MCPFE 2011 (media 2005-2010 su dati Eurostat afferenti all'EU Labour Force Survey); (**) Centro Studi COSMIT - FederlegnoArredo (2010); (***) Assocarta (2010); piano di settore della filiera legno
Italy is among the first places in the world for the export of finished products. The wood-furniture system is the driver sector of the Italian forest- wood chain.
The main target markets for exports are the United States of America and Russia, covering about 12% of Italian exports. Europe, with France, Germany and the UK receive alone about 36% of Italian exports (in 2010 exports to these three countries have increased, respectively, 10%, 22% and 8%).
TOPIC 1: Some data of the Italian forestry and timber sector
Sports structures(for example swimming pools)
Farms(for example wineries)
Wooden houses
Growth in the wood construction sector in the Italian market
TOPIC 2: The poplar cultivation
Lom
bard
ia
Piem
onte
Friuli V
enez
ia G
i...
Emilia
Rom
agna
Venet
o
Tosca
na
Calab
ria
Lazio
Campa
nia
Mar
che
Umbr
ia
Sicilia
Sarde
gna
Abruz
zo
Basilic
ata
Puglia
Mol
ise
Trent
ino
Aldo
A...
Ligu
ria
Valle
d'A
osta
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,00012
,615
10,9
793,
603
3,02
42,
951
1,67
0
995
801
735
394
346
337
275
231
121
ettari 2000
ettari 2010
the average size of the about 10.000 companies is 4 hectares
hectares in year 2000: 83.368
hectares in year 2010: 39.308
in 10 years lost 44.000 hectaresthe majority of production of poplar is in Northern Italy
Fonte: accordo interregionale pioppo
TOPIC 2: The poplar cultivation
It is fundamental the adoption of protocols for the sustainable management of poplars (such as occurs in Friuli Venezia Giulia, where more than half of the area is certified, in this case according to the scheme of PEFC). The use of more environmentally sustainable clones is also requested by the European Commission, in the financing of agriculture policies for the rural development (2014-2020).
TOPIC 2: The poplar cultivation
Areas planted with poplar allow today a withdrawal of about 950.000 m3 per year, representing approximately 10% of the total wood volume of poplar cultivation nationwide. This levy allows the correct management of these areas, set with rounds of ten-year.
The wood-furniture employs approximately 400.000 employees nationwide, equivalent to 8% of employees in the manufacturing sector, and affects 75.000 companies, representing about 15% of the national total. The system-wood furnishings thus constitutes the third sector for Italian contribution to the trade balance.
OSB (Oriented Strand Board)plywood panel MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard)
TOPIC 2: The poplar cultivation
In terms of needs of the number of plants, considering an average of 220 trees/hectares, the consumption of the Italian chain of poplar is approximately of 2,5 millions of poplar trees per year, equivalent to about 11.500 hectares/year.
Considering that the traditional poplar cultivation is set with rounds of ten-year, it is considered essential to increase the areas cultivated with poplar by a value equal to 65.000 hectares, rising from 50.000 at present has 115.000 ha.
This goal is part of an interregional agreement between institutions and economic categories of production of the wood industry (Venice, 29 January 2014) , and will be able to bring environmental, ecological, employment and economic benefits for our country.
The benefits of the relaunch of poplar cultivation in our country are compatible with the requirements demanded by the context of the ever more pressing and serious environmental problems (in terms of anthropogenic emissions of climate-altering or "greenhouse effect")
TOPIC 3: The national wood chain plan
This plan shows a cooperation between entities representing the economic categories, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and a representative of the Italian Regions, and to which the Alpine Convention has given a fundamental proposal contribution
And many others…
The Italian forest chain, to its complex structure, has primarily a serious deficit in the integration and coordination among the different segments that compose it, characterized by different degrees of development.
Today, the weakest link in the supply chain is its base production (harvesting and primary processing) due to the low use of national forests, the reduction of areas of wood production (poplar cultivation) and the consequent dependence on foreign countries for the supply of raw material.
To better understand the the objectives of the national plan on forest and wood industry, is possible to consider the main points of the SWOT analysis prepared for this economic sector
SWOT analysis
TOPIC 3: The national wood chain plan
strengthness weakness opportunities threatsIncrease of forest area and annual increase of the of the growing stock, higher than the rate’s use
complicated orography, fragmentation
High demand for wood raw material for the wood national industry (buildings, panels, furniture, packaging, paper industry, recycling, energy);
Increase of the forest surface without management and related problems of hydrogeological and ecological efficiency (aging, increase fire risk, pathologies, etc.);
Wood industrial sector with a great economic importance, recognized and appreciated in foreign markets
Difficulties in the sector forestry production in the costs of bureaucracy
Development of certification of forest and products; enhancement of the national wood product (100% Italian);
Lower growth and socio-economic development with consequent depopulation of rural and mountain areas
Development and growth of the Green Economy
Inadequate system of laws, plans and organizational models at different level; high incidence of protectionist restrictions on the mobilization of forest resources
Modernization of equipment and structural and infrastructure in forest harvesting
Consolidation in the society of a static view of forest ecosystems, with difficulty to understand the importance of human intervention in the management, conservation of forests
Added value of the Made in Italy
Inadequate forest road network and difficulty of access to forest property
Increase of carbon stocks in wood materials and products.
Development and growth of the Green Economy
Dispersion of forest properties and small size of the company
Creation and development of short supply chains based on local resources
Increase and development of the green economy
TOPIC 3: The national wood chain plan
Promotion of a sustainable, competitive and integrated development of the national chain Wood, encouraging the active management of forests and ensuring in the long-term the multi-functionality and biodiversity of the forest resources
General objective
Thematic areas of the Wood chain Plan
1. Modernization and simplification of the forestry legislation;2. Enhancement of the forest heritage and the national wood product;3. Consolidation of the system of knowledge and research in the forest sector.
A silvicultural treatment that favors the spontaneous regeneration of the forest: an example of best practice for the forests outside the protected areas and that might be the best way to them areas, such as Natura 2000
But a silvicultur near nature (with spontaneus regeneration) is more expansive and it is also possible with a good network of forestry road: we have to work about it.
TOPIC 3: The national wood chain plan
WEAKNESS: Inadequate system of laws……high incidence of protectionist restrictions
Coccau, Tarvisio (Udine – Italy)
Today to build a simple forest road is required a regional hydrogeological and forestry authorization, a municipal planning permission, a state landscaping authorization, and a regional environmental impact authorization if the area falls in a site of the European network NATURA 2000.
The FVG Region has established its own network NATURA 2000 consisting of 60 community sites that affect 19% of the region corresponding to about 150.000 hectares, often wooded
Whole Italian forest is, without distinction, subjected to heavy state landscape protection
Thematic 1 Modernization and simplification of the forestry legislation
TOPIC 3: The national wood chain plan
OPPORTUNITIES: modernization of the infrastructure ………
Coccau, Tarvisio (Udine – Italy) Fusine, Tarvisio (Udine – Italy)
Thematic 2 Enhancement of the forest heritage and the national wood product;
This is possible starting from the improvement of forest roads both in terms of quantity (density per hectare of forest) and qualitative (road easily traveled by means for the transport of timber, made of bioengineering
techniques, made with the best systems of water drainage)
CARINZIA (A)
FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA (I)
Grassland and hut of Mount Goriane (Tarvisio, Udine Italy)
AustriaCARINTHIA
ItalyFRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA
Slovenia
Active and sustainable forest management in Carinthia (Austria)
Production forest: 60 linear meters / hectareProtection Forest: 40 linear meters / hectare
Density (linear meters / hectare) of forest roads: the situation for each municipality)
Convegno Gorizia, 12.07.2013 dottore forestale, direttore Gerolf Baumgartner; [email protected], www.landesforstdirektion.ktn.gv.at
mountain forest roads
TOPIC 3: The national wood chain plan
OPPORTUNITIES: Increase of carbon stocks in wood materials and products.
Thematic 2 Enhancement of the forest heritage and the national wood product
Voluntary market Local Carbon Credit Wood products
Contract
TOPIC 3: The national wood chain plan
THREATS: consolidation in the society of a static view of forest ecosystems, with difficulty to understand the importance of human intervention in the management, conservation of forests
It is fundamental to communicate with non-experts the need for active management of forests
The harvest of wood, according to the principles of environmental sustainability, is an economic, a social and an environmental advantage
Thematic 3 Consolidation of the system of knowledge and research in the forest sector.
Under this program of the European Union (Regulation EC 1305/2013), an important attention is given to funding the measures for the forestry sector. This will allow in the future a better ability to supply of raw material from the Italian forests and to give concrete answers to the objectives of the National wood chain plan.
TOPIC 4: The financial measures of the Rural Development Plan 2014-20 for the forestry sector
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Regions have coordinated and have drafted a joint document, the National Framework of forestry measures for Rural Development 2014-2020, which facilitated the writing of each of the regional programs, now being negotiated with the European Commission.
European Commission
Measure 1.2 Support for information activities and demonstration projects Measure 2.1 Consulting services targeted at forest workers and SMEs active in rural areas Measure 4.3 Support for investment in forest roads Measure 6.4 Investments in renewable energy Measure 7.6 Investments for the improvement and enhancement of rural heritage through the use of wood coming from forests certified for sustainable management Measure 8.1 Afforestation and creation of woodland areas (Poplar cultivation) Measure 8.5 Investments improving the resilience, environmental value and the mitigation potential of forest ecosystems Measure 8.6 Investments in forest technology and processing, mobilization and marketing of forest products Measure 16.1 Support for the establishment and operation of operational groups (GO) of
the EIP (European Innovation Partnership) for agricultural productivity and sustainability Measure 16.2 Support for the creation of centers and networks for the development of projects of business innovation and supply chain, on an experimental and cross-sectoral character;.
TOPIC 4: The financial measures of the Rural Development Plan 2014-20 for the forestry sector
Corps Forest are charged with repression of environmental offenses, with
differences between different territorial autonomies and also in comparison with
the state.
In the regions and autonomous provinces, Corps forestry practice , although in different ways, even technical skills.
Management: Regions with ordinary statute and autonomous regions and provinces, according to the constitutional mandate, have the responsibility in the management of forest resources (regional regulations, funding etc.)
TOPIC 5: Competence of the State and the Regions
The regions and autonomous provinces until now have their Forestry Corps too. On
the rest of the territory the State Forestry Corp works exclusively and in the regions and autonomous provinces in partnership
with them.
Friuli Venezia Giulia
Trentino and South Tyrol
SardiniaSicily
Valley of Aosta
Environmental surveillance:
Environmental legislation, such as Natura 2000, and that about the landscape, as the forest is one of the categories protected by this rule, are state competences and also partially regional.
Thanks for the attention
Fusine in Tarvisio (Udine – Italy)winter 2008 - 2009
Ljubljana May 25, 2015
Dr. Rinaldo COMINO
Forest Officer of the Regional Directorate for productive activities, trade, cooperation, agricultural and
forest resources
Top Related