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The Glory Departs From the Temple
Ezekiel 10:1-22
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The Glory Departs From the Temple
Text:
Ezekiel 10:1-22,
1. I looked, and I saw the likeness of a throne of sapphire above the
expanse that was over the heads of the cherubim.
2. The Lord said to the man clothed in linen, “Go in among the
wheels beneath the cherubim. Fill your hands with burning coals
from among the cherubim and scatter them over the city.” And as I
watched, he went in.
3. Now the cherubim were standing on the south side of the temple
when the man went in, and a cloud filled the inner court.
4. Then the glory of the Lord rose from above the cherubim and
moved to the threshold of the temple. The cloud filled the temple,
and the court was full of the radiance of the glory of the Lord.
5. The sound of the wings of the cherubim could be heard as far
away as the outer court, like the voice of God Almighty when he
speaks.
6. When the Lord commanded the man in linen, “Take fire from
among the wheels, from among the cherubim,” the man went in and
stood beside a wheel.
7. Then one of the cherubim reached out his hand to the fire that
was among them. He took up some of it and put it into the hands of
the man in linen, who took it and went out.
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8. (Under the wings of the cherubim could be seen what looked like
the hands of a man.)
9. I looked, and I saw beside the cherubim four wheels, one beside
each of the cherubim; the wheels sparkled like chrysolite.
10. As for their appearance, the four of them looked alike; each was
like a wheel intersecting a wheel.
11. As they moved, they would go in any one of the four directions
the cherubim faced; the wheels did not turn about as the cherubim
went. The cherubim went in whatever direction the head faced,
without turning as they went.
12. Their entire bodies, including their backs, their hands and their
wings, were completely full of eyes, as were their four wheels.
13. I heard the wheels being called “the whirling wheels.”
14. Each of the cherubim had four faces: One face was that of a
cherub, the second the face of a man, the third the face of a lion, and
the fourth the face of an eagle.
15. Then the cherubim rose upward. These were the living creatures
I had seen by the Kebar River.
16. When the cherubim moved, the wheels beside them moved; and
when the cherubim spread their wings to rise from the ground, the
wheels did not leave their side.
17. When the cherubim stood still, they also stood still; and when the
cherubim rose, they rose with them, because the spirit of the living
creatures was in them.
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18. Then the glory of the Lord departed from over the threshold of
the temple and stopped above the cherubim.
19. While I watched, the cherubim spread their wings and rose from
the ground, and as they went, the wheels went with them. They
stopped at the entrance to the east gate of the Lord’s house, and the
glory of the God of Israel was above them.
20. These were the living creatures I had seen beneath the God of
Israel by the Kebar River, and I realized that they were cherubim.
21. Each had four faces and four wings, and under their wings was
what looked like the hands of a man.
22. Their faces had the same appearance as those I had seen by the
Kebar River. Each one went straight ahead. (NIV 1984)
Introduction:
I. Fredenburg wrote, “The presence of the cherubim and glory of
Yahweh encountered in chapter 1 dominate the vision of chapter 10.”
A. Fredenburg explained, “Differences between the two
descriptions are explainable by the distinct nature of the two
visions.”
1. “The first was overwhelming, frantic, and unexpected.”
2. “The atmosphere of chapter 10, while no less awesome
than chapter 1, is more coherent, orderly, and reflective.”
II. Ezekiel 8-11 describes the departure of the presence of God from the
apostate capitol of Jerusalem, from the temple and from Judah. (See
Coffman.)
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A. Chapter 10:1-8 prophesies the burning of Jerusalem while
verses 9-22 show preparations for the withdrawal of God’s
presence, his final departure being revealed in the next chapter,
Coffman wrote.
III. Chapter 10 continues Ezekiel’s vision of the departing glory of the
Lord. (McGee)
Commentary:
Ezekiel 10:1, I looked, and I saw the likeness of a throne of sapphire
above the expanse that was over the heads of the cherubim. (NIV
1984)
I. I looked, and I saw the likeness of a throne of sapphire above the
expanse that was over the heads of the cherubim.
A. Youngblood provided the following information about
cherubim (plural of cherub):
1. Cherubim were winged angelic beings, often associated
with worship and praise of God.
2. When God drove Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden,
he placed cherubim at the east of the garden so Adam and
Eve could not return.
a. Genesis 3:24, After he drove the man out, he
placed on the east side of the Garden of Eden
cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and
forth to guard the way to the tree of life. (NIV 1984)
3. Symbolic representations were used in the Tabernacle and
in the Temple and were located at either end of the Mercy
Seat in the Holy of Holies while artistic designs of cherubim
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were used decoratively in the Tabernacle, Temple, and
elsewhere.
a. Exodus 25:17-22, “Make an atonement cover of
pure gold—two and a half cubits long and a cubit
and a half wide. And make two cherubim out of
hammered gold at the ends of the cover. Make one
cherub on one end and the second cherub on the
other; make the cherubim of one piece with the
cover, at the two ends. The cherubim are to have
their wings spread upward, overshadowing the
cover with them. The cherubim are to face each
other, looking toward the cover. Place the cover on
top of the ark and put in the ark the Testimony,
which I will give you. There, above the cover
between the two cherubim that are over the ark of
the Testimony, I will meet with you and give you all
my commands for the Israelites. (NIV 1984)
b. Exodus 26:1, “Make the tabernacle with ten
curtains of finely twisted linen and blue, purple and
scarlet yarn, with cherubim worked into them by a
skilled craftsman. (NIV 1984)
c. 1 Kings 6:23-28, In the inner sanctuary he made a
pair of cherubim of olive wood, each ten cubits high.
One wing of the first cherub was five cubits long,
and the other wing five cubits—ten cubits from wing
tip to wing tip. The second cherub also measured ten
cubits, for the two cherubim were identical in size
and shape. The height of each cherub was ten cubits.
He placed the cherubim inside the innermost room
of the temple, with their wings spread out. The wing
of one cherub touched one wall, while the wing of
the other touched the other wall, and their wings
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touched each other in the middle of the room. He
overlaid the cherubim with gold. (NIV 1984)
d. 1 Samuel 4:4, So the people sent men to Shiloh,
and they brought back the ark of the covenant of the
Lord Almighty, who is enthroned between the
cherubim. And Eli’s two sons, Hophni and
Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of
God. (NIV 1984)
e. 2 Samuel 6:2, He and all his men set out from
Baalah of Judah to bring up from there the ark of
God, which is called by the Name, the name of the
Lord Almighty, who is enthroned between the
cherubim that are on the ark. (NIV 1984)
4. The four living creatures of Ezekiel and Revelation are
regarded as forms assumed by cherubim.
a. Revelation 4:6-9, Also before the throne there was
what looked like a sea of glass, clear as crystal. In
the center, around the throne, were four living
creatures, and they were covered with eyes, in front
and in back. The first living creature was like a lion,
the second was like an ox, the third had a face like a
man, the fourth was like a flying eagle. Each of the
four living creatures had six wings and was covered
with eyes all around, even under his wings. Day and
night they never stop saying: “Holy, holy, holy is the
Lord God Almighty, who was, and is, and is to
come.” Whenever the living creatures give glory,
honor and thanks to him who sits on the throne and
who lives for ever and ever, (NIV 1984)
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b. Revelation 5:6, Then I saw a Lamb, looking as if it
had been slain, standing in the center of the throne,
encircled by the four living creatures and the elders.
He had seven horns and seven eyes, which are the
seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth. (NIV
1984)
c. Revelation 6:1, I watched as the Lamb opened the
first of the seven seals. Then I heard one of the four
living creatures say in a voice like thunder, “Come!”
(NIV 1984)
5. Seraphim were another form of angelic beings.
B. The throne, chariot of God (merkathah) now is shown to
Ezekiel in this vision.
1. Ezekiel 1:15-28, As I looked at the living creatures, I
saw a wheel on the ground beside each creature with its
four faces. This was the appearance and structure of the
wheels: They sparkled like chrysolite, and all four looked
alike. Each appeared to be made like a wheel intersecting
a wheel. As they moved, they would go in any one of the
four directions the creatures faced; the wheels did not
turn about as the creatures went. Their rims were high
and awesome, and all four rims were full of eyes all
around. When the living creatures moved, the wheels
beside them moved; and when the living creatures rose
from the ground, the wheels also rose. Wherever the
spirit would go, they would go, and the wheels would rise
along with them, because the spirit of the living creatures
was in the wheels. When the creatures moved, they also
moved; when the creatures stood still, they also stood
still; and when the creatures rose from the ground, the
wheels rose along with them, because the spirit of the
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living creatures was in the wheels. Spread out above the
heads of the living creatures was what looked like an
expanse, sparkling like ice, and awesome. Under the
expanse their wings were stretched out one toward the
other, and each had two wings covering its body. When
the creatures moved, I heard the sound of their wings,
like the roar of rushing waters, like the voice of the
Almighty, like the tumult of an army. When they stood
still, they lowered their wings. Then there came a voice
from above the expanse over their heads as they stood
with lowered wings. Above the expanse over their heads
was what looked like a throne of sapphire, and high
above on the throne was a figure like that of a man. I saw
that from what appeared to be his waist up he looked like
glowing metal, as if full of fire, and that from there down
he looked like fire; and brilliant light surrounded him.
Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy
day, so was the radiance around him. This was the
appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord. When
I saw it, I fell facedown, and I heard the voice of one
speaking. (NIV 1984)
C. Sapphire is a gem variety of corundum in transparent and
translucent crystals of a color other than red; especially one of a
transparent rich blue. (Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary,
Tenth Edition)
1. Ezekiel 1:22, 26, Spread out above the heads of the
living creatures was what looked like an expanse,
sparkling like ice, and awesome. Above the expanse over
their heads was what looked like a throne of sapphire,
and high above on the throne was a figure like that of a
man. (NIV 1984)
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Ezekiel 10:2, The Lord said to the man clothed in linen, “Go in
among the wheels beneath the cherubim. Fill your hands with
burning coals from among the cherubim and scatter them over the
city.” And as I watched, he went in. (NIV 1984)
I. The Lord said to the man clothed in linen,…
A. This personage was the highest ranking of the seven of whom
Hamilton wrote, “Evidently, this is a superhuman figure able to be
in the holy of holies.” (See Smith and Fredenburg.)
B. Allen observed that “the man clothed in linen” is no longer said
to have his writing kit with him as scribe, but now is presented as
the one who would destroy Jerusalem with fire.
II. “Go in among the wheels beneath the cherubim.
A. Allen asked, “Where is the fire to come from?”
1. The coals of fire are to be taken from beneath the
cherubim.
III. Fill your hands with burning coals from among the cherubim and
scatter them over the city.”
A. These coals from the altar are to be scattered over the city to
foreshadow its destruction, judgment (Hamilton) and signifying
Jerusalem will be burned. (Fredenburg).
1. 2 Kings 25:8-9, On the seventh day of the fifth month,
in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar king of
Babylon, Nebuzaradan commander of the imperial
guard, an official of the king of Babylon, came to
Jerusalem. He set fire to the temple of the Lord, the royal
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palace and all the houses of Jerusalem. Every important
building he burned down. (NIV 1984)
2. McGee wrote, “The people had refused the grace and
mercy and redemption of God; now they must bear the
judgment.”
B. In Isaiah 6 burning coals, however, were to purify rather than
destroy the prophet. (See Fredenburg.)
1. Isaiah 6:1-7, In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw
the Lord seated on a throne, high and exalted, and the
train of his robe filled the temple. Above him were
seraphs, each with six wings: With two wings they
covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and
with two they were flying. And they were calling to one
another: “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord Almighty; the
whole earth is full of his glory.” At the sound of their
voices the doorposts and thresholds shook and the temple
was filled with smoke. “Woe to me!” I cried. “I am
ruined! For I am a man of unclean lips, and I live among
a people of unclean lips, and my eyes have seen the King,
the Lord Almighty.” Then one of the seraphs flew to me
with a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with
tongs from the altar. With it he touched my mouth and
said, “See, this has touched your lips; your guilt is taken
away and your sin atoned for.” (NIV 1984)
IV. And as I watched, he went in.
A. As Ezekiel watched, the man clothed in linen went in among the
wheels beneath the cherubim.
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Ezekiel 10:3, Now the cherubim were standing on the south side of
the temple when the man went in, and a cloud filled the inner court.
(NIV 1984)
I. Now the cherubim were standing on the south side of the temple when
the man went in, and…
A. Hamilton wrote, “In this vision, Ezekiel notes that the cherubim
have shifted to the south side of the holy of holies (most holy place
– JS) in anticipation of leaving.”
1. Ezekiel looked into the temple and saw that the cherubim
had moved to the south side of the temple in anticipation of
leaving, departing from the temple. (See Fredenburg.)
2. The Authorized King James Version reads “…on the right
side…”, right always marking the South among the Hebrews.
(Clarke)
II. a cloud filled the inner court.
A. Fredenburg stated the cloud represented the presence of God
and identified the inner court with the Holy of Holies (Most Holy
Place) and the Holy Place.
1. 1 Kings 8:10-12, 34-35, When the priests withdrew
from the Holy Place, the cloud filled the temple of the
Lord. And the priests could not perform their service
because of the cloud, for the glory of the Lord filled his
temple. Then Solomon said, “The Lord has said that he
would dwell in a dark cloud; then hear from heaven and
forgive the sin of your people Israel and bring them back
to the land you gave to their fathers. “When the heavens
are shut up and there is no rain because your people have
sinned against you, and when they pray toward this place
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and confess your name and turn from their sin because
you have afflicted them, (NIV 1984)
Ezekiel 10:4, Then the glory of the Lord rose from above the
cherubim and moved to the threshold of the temple. The cloud filled
the temple, and the court was full of the radiance of the glory of the
Lord. (NIV 1984)
I. Then the glory (Shekinah) of the Lord rose from above the cherubim
and moved to the threshold of the temple.
A. The glory of the Lord moved to forsake, leave the temple,
which is a repetition in vision form of the event of Ezekiel 9:3.
1. Ezekiel 9:3, Now the glory of the God of Israel went up
from above the cherubim, where it had been, and moved
to the threshold of the temple. Then the Lord called to the
man clothed in linen who had the writing kit at his side
(NIV 1984)
II. The cloud filled the temple, and the court was full of the radiance of
the glory of the Lord.
A. 1 Kings 8:10-11, When the priests withdrew from the Holy
Place, the cloud filled the temple of the Lord. And the priests
could not perform their service because of the cloud, for the
glory of the Lord filled his temple. (NIV 1984)
B. “This,” Clarke wrote, “is similar to what occurred frequently at
the tabernacle in the wilderness, and in the dedication of the temple
by Solomon.”
1. “This was the Divine Shekinah, the symbolical
representation of the majesty of God.” (Clarke)
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Ezekiel 10:5, The sound of the wings of the cherubim could be heard
as far away as the outer court, like the voice of God Almighty when
he speaks. (NIV 1984)
I. The sound of the wings of the cherubim could be heard as far away as
the outer court like the voice of God Almighty (El Shaddai) when he
speaks.
A. Cherubim were angels who are depicted in scriptures as
quartering something sacred. (Smith)
B. Fredenburg concluded it was from the outer court that Ezekiel
saw and heard these things.
C. Clarke observed that elsewhere the voice of God sounded like
thunder.
D. “God Almighty” (El Shaddai) is used eighty-one (81) times in
the book of Job alone and many times elsewhere.
Ezekiel 10:6, When the Lord commanded the man in linen, “Take
fire from among the wheels, from among the cherubim,” the man
went in and stood beside a wheel. (NIV 1984)
I. When the Lord commanded the man in linen, “Take fire from among
the wheels, from among the cherubim,”…
A. “The man clothed in linen” did as God commanded, entered
between the whirling wheels under the cherubim, filled his hands
with coals over the city of Jerusalem,” Smith wrote.
B. As the glory of the Lord prepared to leave the temple and city,
the man in linen is commanded to prepare to destroy the temple
and the city. (See Fredenburg.)
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II. the man went in and stood beside a wheel.
A. The man clothed in linen consistently and immediately obeyed
every command God gave him.
1. He set us a high standard for obedience to God which we
are to emulate!
B. The glory and chariot of God are wondrously presented in this
chapter.
Ezekiel 10:7, Then one of the cherubim reached out his hand to the
fire that was among them. He took up some of it and put it into the
hands of the man in linen, who took it and went out. (NIV 1984)
I. Then one of the cherubim reached out his hand to the fire that was
among them.
A. One of the cherubim co-operatively responded and assisted in
helping the man dressed in linen to do as God had commanded.
B. All of God’s children need to work together to achieve the
answer to our prayer, “…your will be done on earth as it is in
heaven.”
II. He took up some of it and put it into the hands of the man in linen
who took it and went out.
A. The man in linen accepted the coals from the cherub and left to
do as the Lord had commanded.
Ezekiel 10:8, (Under the wings of the cherubim could be seen what
looked like the hands of a man.) (NIV 1984)
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I. (Under the wings of the cherubim could be seen what looked like the
hands of a man.)
A. “…the hands of a man” indicate that human instrumentality
would be used to execute God’s judgment upon Israel. This vision
prophesized the fires that destroyed Jerusalem in 587 B.C. by the
Chaldean armies. (Coffman quoting Watt and Beasley-Murray)
1. Coffman well concluded that God is the prime agent in all
human history and that he utilizes human agencies on
occasion to accomplish his purpose. (See Coffman.)
B. The hand of God denotes his activity, his power and his
accomplishments.
1. Psalm 19:1, The heavens declare the glory of God; the
skies proclaim the work of his hands. (NIV 1984)
2. Isaiah 53:1, Who has believed our message and to
whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? (NIV 1984)
3. Ezekiel 1:8, Under their wings on their four sides they
had the hands of a man. All four of them had faces and
wings, (NIV 1984)
Note: The description of the Merkathah, the throne chariot of God, is
almost identical to that in chapter 1, Smith wrote, and the repetition
served to emphasize that God who once occupied the temple now abode
with the captives in Babylon.
A. Ezekiel 1:15-18, As I looked at the living creatures, I saw a
wheel on the ground beside each creature with its four faces.
This was the appearance and structure of the wheels: They
sparkled like chrysolite, and all four looked alike. Each
appeared to be made like a wheel intersecting a wheel. As they
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moved, they would go in any one of the four directions the
creatures faced; the wheels did not turn about as the creatures
went. Their rims were high and awesome, and all four rims
were full of eyes all around. (NIV 1984)
Ezekiel 10:9, I looked, and I saw beside the cherubim four wheels,
one beside each of the cherubim; the wheels sparkled like chrysolite.
(NIV 1984)
I. I looked, and I saw beside the cherubim four wheels, one beside each
of the cherubim;…
A. Attention for the rest of this chapter is focused on the cherubim
and the wheels of Yahweh’s throne chariot, Fredenburg advised.
1. While there are several minor differences and one major
one, this description essentially repeats the vision of Ezekiel
1:5-28. (See Fredenburg.)
A. Ezekiel 1:5-28, and in the fire was what looked
like four living creatures. In appearance their form
was that of a man, but each of them had four faces
and four wings. Their legs were straight; their feet
were like those of a calf and gleamed like burnished
bronze. Under their wings on their four sides they
had the hands of a man. All four of them had faces
and wings, and their wings touched one another.
Each one went straight ahead; they did not turn as
they moved. Their faces looked like this: Each of the
four had the face of a man, and on the right side
each had the face of a lion, and on the left the face of
an ox; each also had the face of an eagle. Such were
their faces. Their wings were spread out upward;
each had two wings, one touching the wing of
another creature on either side, and two wings
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covering its body. Each one went straight ahead.
Wherever the spirit would go, they would go,
without turning as they went. The appearance of the
living creatures was like burning coals of fire or like
torches. Fire moved back and forth among the
creatures; it was bright, and lightning flashed out of
it. The creatures sped back and forth like flashes of
lightning. As I looked at the living creatures, I saw a
wheel on the ground beside each creature with its
four faces. This was the appearance and structure of
the wheels: They sparkled like chrysolite, and all
four looked alike. Each appeared to be made like a
wheel intersecting a wheel. As they moved, they
would go in any one of the four directions the
creatures faced; the wheels did not turn about as the
creatures went. Their rims were high and awesome,
and all four rims were full of eyes all around. When
the living creatures moved, the wheels beside them
moved; and when the living creatures rose from the
ground, the wheels also rose. Wherever the spirit
would go, they would go, and the wheels would rise
along with them, because the spirit of the living
creatures was in the wheels. When the creatures
moved, they also moved; when the creatures stood
still, they also stood still; and when the creatures
rose from the ground, the wheels rose along with
them, because the spirit of the living creatures was
in the wheels. Spread out above the heads of the
living creatures was what looked like an expanse,
sparkling like ice, and awesome. Under the expanse
their wings were stretched out one toward the other,
and each had two wings covering its body. When the
creatures moved, I heard the sound of their wings,
like the roar of rushing waters, like the voice of the
Almighty, like the tumult of an army. When they
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stood still, they lowered their wings. Then there
came a voice from above the expanse over their
heads as they stood with lowered wings. Above the
expanse over their heads was what looked like a
throne of sapphire, and high above on the throne
was a figure like that of a man. I saw that from what
appeared to be his waist up he looked like glowing
metal, as if full of fire, and that from there down he
looked like fire; and brilliant light surrounded him.
Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a
rainy day, so was the radiance around him. This was
the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the
Lord. When I saw it, I fell facedown, and I heard the
voice of one speaking. (NIV 1984)
b. In the first vision God demonstrated his power over
Babylonia and in this one attention is focused on Judah,
Jerusalem and the temple.
Note: What is described here is unlike anything on earth and its
operation is beyond human understanding. Due to its strangeness and
perhaps insufficient descriptive information, it is impossible to fully and
accurately draw a picture of it or to build an accurate functioning model
of it. (See Coffman.)
B. The wheels were in constant motion indicating the Lord’s
unceasing activity.
1. John 5:17, Jesus said to them, “My Father is always at
his work to this very day, and I, too, am working.” (NIV
1984)
II. the wheels sparkled like chrysolite (beryl, carbuncle, chrysolite, etc.).
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A. Chrysolite (olivine) is a greenish mineral that is a complex
silicate of magnesium and iron. (Miriam Webster’s Collegiate
Dictionary, Tenth Edition)
B. Chrysolite, as defined by Youngblood, is a yellow stone that
could have been the same as topaz or some other yellow gem such
as beryl, zircon, or a yellow quartz. The chrysolite known today is
the peridot, an olive green silicate of magnesium and iron.
Chrysoprase is a variety of chalcedony and has a light green color.
Chrysolite and chrysoprase are listed as foundation stones of the
New Jerusalem.
1. Revelation 21:18-21, The wall was made of jasper, and
the city of pure gold, as pure as glass. The foundations of
the city walls were decorated with every kind of precious
stone. The first foundation was jasper, the second
sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald, the
fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite,
the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase,
the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst. The twelve
gates were twelve pearls, each gate made of a single pearl.
The great street of the city was of pure gold, like
transparent glass. (NIV 1984)
C. The Vulgate translates the phrase as “like the sea,” i.e., azure,
while beryl is a gem of a green colour, passing from one side into
blue, on the other side into yellow. (Clarke)
Ezekiel 10:10, As for their appearance, the four of them looked
alike; each was like a wheel intersecting a wheel. (NIV 1984)
I. As for their (the wheels’) appearance, the four of them looked alike;
each was like a wheel intersecting a wheel.
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A. “This,” Clarke wrote, “is difficult to comprehend. It is generally
supposed to mean one wheel within another, cutting each other at
right angles. I have conjectured it… to mean a wheel with two
rims, working on the same axis.”
1. Ezekiel 1:16-18, This was the appearance and structure
of the wheels: They sparkled like chrysolite, and all four
looked alike. Each appeared to be made like a wheel
intersecting a wheel. As they moved, they would go in any
one of the four directions the creatures faced; the wheels
did not turn about as the creatures went. Their rims were
high and awesome, and all four rims were full of eyes all
around. (NIV 1984)
Ezekiel 10:11, As they moved, they would go in any one of the four
directions the cherubim faced; the wheels did not turn about as the
cherubim went. The cherubim went in whatever direction the head
faced, without turning as they went. (NIV 1984)
I. As they moved, they would go in any one of the four directions the
cherubim faced;…
A. This interaction and coordinated movement, Wesley suggested,
speaks of their dependence on each other and the joint tendency of
all to one common end.
II. the wheels did not turn about as the cherubim went.
A. These motions are intricate and perplexing, Wesley further
stated, difficult for us to understand.
III. The cherubim went in whatever direction the head (of the living
creatures) faced, without turning as they went.
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A. They were so constructed that they could move on all four sides
without difficulty or delay of turning, Wesley wrote.
Ezekiel 10:12, Their entire bodies, including their backs, their hands
and their wings, were completely full of eyes, as were their four
wheels. (NIV 1984)
I. Their entire bodies, including their backs, their hands and their wings,
were completely full of eyes, as were their four wheels.
A. The eyes speak to the all-knowing, all-seeing God. (Coffman)
1. Some heathen idols were covered with eyes. (Cooke via
Coffman)
2. Zechariah 3:9, See, the stone I have set in front of
Joshua! There are seven eyes on that one stone, and I will
engrave an inscription on it,’ says the Lord Almighty,
‘and I will remove the sin of this land in a single day.
(NIV 1984)
3. Revelation 4:6-10, Also before the throne there was
what looked like a sea of glass, clear as crystal. In the
center, around the throne, were four living creatures, and
they were covered with eyes, in front and in back. The
first living creature was like a lion, the second was like an
ox, the third had a face like a man, the fourth was like a
flying eagle. Each of the four living creatures had six
wings and was covered with eyes all around, even under
his wings. Day and night they never stop saying: “Holy,
holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty, who was, and is, and
is to come.” Whenever the living creatures give glory,
honor and thanks to him who sits on the throne and who
lives for ever and ever, the twenty-four elders fall down
before him who sits on the throne, and worship him who
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lives for ever and ever. They lay their crowns before the
throne and say: (NIV 1984)
Ezekiel 10:13, I heard the wheels being called “the whirling wheels.”
(NIV 1984)
I. I heard the wheels being called “the whirling wheels.”
A. McGee wrote that this speaks of the energy of God as He moves
in the affairs of man.
Ezekiel 10:14, Each of the cherubim had four faces: One face was
that of a cherub, the second the face of a man, the third the face of a
lion, and the fourth the face of an eagle. (NIV 1984)
I. Each of the cherubim had four faces: One face was that of a cherub,
the second the face of a man, the third the face of a lion, and the fourth
the face of an eagle.
A. In the earlier vision of the living creatures, each had four faces,
those of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle.
1. Here the face of the ox was replaced by the face of the
cherub.
a. Ezekiel 1:10, Their faces looked like this: Each of
the four had the face of a man, and on the right side
each had the face of a lion, and on the left the face of
an ox; each also had the face of an eagle. (NIV 1984)
2. The eastward projection here made the “ox face” the “face
of the cherub”. Coffman stated that any face of the four
directed toward the east would have been the face of the
cherub (angel).
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Ezekiel 10:15, Then the cherubim rose upward. These were the
living creatures I had seen by the Kebar River. (NIV 1984)
I. Then the cherubim rose upward.
A. It is sad to see God leave the temple, Jerusalem and Judah, but
he was not forsaking the righteous, only those who had rejected
Him and had continually done wicked and detestable things.
(Coffman and Matthew Henry)
B. The living creatures (cherubim) reference the Sovereign God!
II. These were the living creatures I had seen by the Kebar River.
A. These living creatures were cherubim, Ezekiel came to
understand.
B. Bluntly via Coffman wrote that “God was forsaking the old
radical Israel and would forever afterwards concentrate on “the
righteous remnant.”
Ezekiel 10:16, When the cherubim moved, the wheels beside them
moved; and when the cherubim spread their wings to rise from the
ground, the wheels did not leave their side. (NIV 1984)
I. When the cherubim moved, the wheels beside them moved; and when
the cherubim spread their wings to rise from the ground, the wheels did
not leave their side.
A. “The wheeled vehicle upon which the throne sits is able to
maneuver in any direction,” Fredenburg wrote.
1. God can move in any direction at any time as He sees fit
and has never been confined to any particular place(s). (See
Fredenburg.)
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a. 1 Kings 8:27, “But will God really dwell on earth?
The heavens, even the highest heaven, cannot
contain you. How much less this temple I have built!
(NIV 1984)
b. The temple has been defiled and Jerusalem was about
to be burned. (Fredenburg)
c. Yahweh is ready to depart from the corrupted temple,
sinful and wicked Jerusalem! (See Fredenburg.)
Ezekiel 10:17, When the cherubim stood still, they also stood still;
and when the cherubim rose, they rose with them, because the spirit
of the living creatures was in them. (NIV 1984)
I. When the cherubim stood still, they also stood still; and when the
cherubim rose, they rose with them,…
A. Wesley wrote that there is perfect harmony between the
cherubim and the four living creatures and the one infinite, wise,
good and holy God.
II. because the spirit of the living creatures was in them.
A. The spirit of God directed all the creatures so that they serve the
divine purpose, Wesley stated.
B. All activity is determined, directed by the divine direction,
providence.
Ezekiel 10:18, Then the glory of the Lord departed from over the
threshold of the temple and stopped above the cherubim. (NIV 1984)
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I. Then the glory of the Lord departed from over the threshold of the
temple and stopped above the cherubim.
A. God’s glory is ready to depart from the temple which actually
took place in Ezekiel 11:22-23.
1. Ezekiel 11:22-23, Then the cherubim, with the wheels
beside them, spread their wings, and the glory of the God
of Israel was above them. The glory of the Lord went up
from within the city and stopped above the mountain east
of it. (NIV 1984)
Ezekiel 10:19, While I watched, the cherubim spread their wings
and rose from the ground, and as they went, the wheels went with
them. They stopped at the entrance to the east gate of the Lord’s
house, and the glory of the God of Israel was above them. (NIV
1984)
I. While I watched, the cherubim spread their wings and rose from the
ground, and as they went, the wheels went with them.
A. The cherubim transported God away from the temple where his
presence and, glory had been since the day Solomon dedicated the
temple. (See Fredenburg.)
B. The glory of the Lord departed the temple by way of the east
gate and following the captivity, God’s glory would return by way
of the east gate.
1. Ezekiel 43:4, The glory of the Lord entered the temple
through the gate facing east. (NIV 1984)
II. They stopped at the entrance to the east gate of the Lord’s house, and
the glory of the God of Israel was above them.
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A. The glory of the God of Israel moved to exit the temple
stopping briefly at the east gate.
B. Yahweh left the Temple leaving the temple and the city without
divine protection. (See Fredenburg.)
Ezekiel 10:20, These were the living creatures I had seen beneath
the God of Israel by the Kebar River, and I realized that they were
cherubim. (NIV 1984)
I. These were the living creatures I had seen beneath the God of Israel by
the Kebar River, and I realized that they were cherubim.
A. This passage identifies the living creatures of the first vision
with the cherubim of this vision. (Hamilton)
B. Hamilton further wrote that Ezekiel twice noted that he had
twice seen these living creatures by the Kebar River.
1. This, Hamilton stated, indicates that God may have
abandoned the city and temple, but not his faithful people
themselves.
2. Hamilton concluded God was still among his people in
time of trouble.
Note: “Verse 20 repeats verse 15. Verse 21 is a repetitive summary of
verses 8, 14, and 16. Verses 20 and 22 closely connect this vision and its
elements with the first vision by the Kebar River of Ezekiel,”
Fredenburg wrote.
C. Ezekiel emphasized that the throne vehicle and the glory riding
on it were the very same as that which appeared earlier by the
Kebar River among the exiles, Fredenburg wrote.
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1. God had deserted Jerusalem, the temple and Judah, but this
did not mean he had forsaken his faithful people wherever
they were, even in Babylon. (See Fredenburg.)
2. God’s favor, presence were not contingent on location, the
temple and other such factors. (See Fredenburg.)
Ezekiel 10:21, Each had four faces and four wings, and under their
wings was what looked like the hands of a man. (NIV 1984)
I. Each had four faces and four wings, and under their wings was what
looked like the hands of a man.
A. These cherubim and the four living beings, creatures were the
same as those which appeared to Ezekiel at his call in chapter 1
which, in the vision, took place by the Kebar River in Babylon.
(Allen)
1. The present vision is set in Jerusalem.
Ezekiel 10:22, Their faces had the same appearance as those I had
seen by the Kebar River. Each one went straight ahead. (NIV 1984)
I. Their faces had the same appearance as those I had seen by the Kebar
River.
A. Fredenburg concluded by writing, “Thus, these last verses serve
as a glimmer of hope, but they also call for a revelation by Ezekiel
and the exiles of their view of the relationship between Yahweh,
the temple, the land, and his people.”
II. Each one went straight ahead.
A. All God’s servants are to go “straight ahead,” turning neither to
the right nor the left and certainly not backwards into sin.
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1. Matthew 7:13-14, “Enter through the narrow gate. For
wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to
destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the
gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few
find it. (NIV 1984)
2. Jeremiah 2:19, Your wickedness will punish you; your
backsliding will rebuke you. Consider then and realize
how evil and bitter it is for you when you forsake the
Lord your God and have no awe of me,” declares the
Lord, the Lord Almighty. (NIV 1984)
3. Jeremiah 31:22, How long will you wander, O
unfaithful daughter? The Lord will create a new thing on
earth—a woman will surround a man.” (NIV 1984)
4. Jeremiah 49:4, Why do you boast of your valleys, boast
of your valleys so fruitful? O unfaithful daughter, you
trust in your riches and say, ‘Who will attack me?’ (NIV
1984)
5. In our service we are to turn neither to the right hand or the
left.
Conclusion:
I. The throne of God is shown in Ezekiel 10 to be absolutely supreme,
righteous and glorious beyond description. (See The Pulpit
Commentary.)
II. The coals of fire which Ezekiel saw were used to destroy (Jerusalem),
but God’s fire could also be used to purify (as with Isaiah). (See The
Pulpit Commentary.)
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III. The glory of God is on the move in the affairs of mankind to
accomplish his purposes; He often uses the services of mankind, (a
man’s hand) to accomplish his purposes. (See The Pulpit Commentary.)
A. Remember, the glory of God can enter your life, but it can also
leave!
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Questions
on
Ezekiel 10:1-22
(Questions based on NIV text.)
1. Why did God’s glory depart from the Temple? ____________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Compare chapters 1 and 10. Cite likenesses and differences.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. Why do these differences exist? What accounts for them?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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4. Ezekiel 8-11 is a unit. What is addressed, discussed in this
unit? _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. What does Ezekiel 10:1-8 prophesy? Verses 9-22 discuss
what preparations? ____________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. What were cherubim? What is the difference between cherub
and cherubim? _______________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. Describe the throne of God? __________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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8. Cite biblical references to cherubim. What functions did they
perform in each of these references? ______________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
9. How are cherubim and the four living creatures alike? How
are they different? ____________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
10. How are seraphim and cherubim alike? How are they
different? ___________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
11. What is the merkathah? _____________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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12. Who was “the man clothed in linen?” What were his nature
and rank in relation to the six guards and duties? Why did he no
longer carry his writing kit in chapter 10? __________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
13. According to Ezekiel 10:2, what did God command the man
clothed in linen to do? What did the scattering of burning coals
over the city foreshadow? ______________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
14. Burning coal can be used to _______________ or to
_______________.
15. Where were the cherubim standing? What does this change
in location indicate? Among the Hebrews, the ____________
side always meant the ____________ side. _________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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16. Where in scripture do we read of a cloud in regard to God’s
actions? What does the cloud signify? _____________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
17. Define shekinah. __________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
18. The ____________ ____________ the ____________, and
the ____________ was ____________ of the ____________ of
the ____________ of the ____________.
19. Define El Shaddai. _________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
20. Describe the voice of God. ___________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________
21. “The ____________ ____________ in ____________” did
as ____________ ____________, ____________ between the
____________ ____________ under the ____________,
____________ has ____________ with ____________ of
____________, and ____________ these ____________
____________ over the ____________ of ____________.
22. As the ____________ of the ____________ ____________
to ____________ the ____________ and ____________, the
____________ in ____________ is ____________ to prepare to
____________ the ____________ and the ____________. The
____________ ____________ in ____________ ____________
and ____________ ____________ ____________
____________ ____________ gave him. He set us a
______________ ______________ for ______________ to
____________ which we are to ____________.
23. ____________ of the ____________ ____________
____________ and ____________ in ____________ the
____________ ____________ in ____________ to do as
____________ had ____________. ____________ of
____________’s ____________ need to ____________
____________ to ____________ the ____________ to our
____________, “…your ____________ be ____________ on
____________ as it is in ____________.”
24. The ____________ of ____________ denotes his
____________, his ____________ and his ____________. “The
hands of a man” may indicate that ____________
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____________ would be used to ____________ ____________
____________ upon ____________.
25. ____________, who once occupied the ____________, how
abode with the ____________ in ____________ as well as with
other faithful exiles elsewhere.
26. What did the four wheels represent? How did they work,
function? ___________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
27. What differences are there between the vision in Ezekiel 1:5-
28 and the comparable vision in Ezekiel 10? ________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
28. What is signified by the wheels being in constant motion?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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29. Describe the wheels as to appearance. How did they work,
operate? ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
30. What was signified by the fact that the entire bodies of the
cherubim were covered with eyes? _______________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
31. Each of the cherubim had four faces, a cherub (ox), a man, a
lion and an eagle. What was the significance of each of these
different faces? What connection is there between a cherub and
an ox? ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
32. It is ____________ to see ____________ leave the
____________, ____________ and ____________, but he was
not ____________ the ____________, only those who had
____________ Him and had ____________ done
____________ and ____________ things.
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33. The ____________ ____________ upon which the
____________ sits is able to ____________ in any
____________. ____________ can ____________ in any
____________ at ____________ as he sees ____________ and
has never been ____________ to any ____________
____________.
34. Ezekiel 10:17 teaches there is ____________ ____________
between the ____________ and the ____________
____________ ____________ and the ____________
____________, ____________, ____________ and
____________ ____________.
35. The motion of the cherubim and the wheels were perfectly
coordinated because the ____________ of the ____________
____________ was in them.
36. When Christians are unified and work together co-
operatively and harmoniously, the world comes to realize it is
because the ____________ of the ____________ ____________
is in them. When “Christians” are divided, are uncooperative
and contentious, the world comes to realize it is because the
____________ of the ____________ is in them.
37. How can you be assured the glory of the Lord will brighten
your life? How can you know that the glory of the Lord has
departed from your life? ________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
38. How does Ezekiel 10:19 describe the next step in God’s
departure from the temple? _____________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
39. The ____________ ____________ were ____________.
(See Ezekiel 10:20.)
40. ____________ was abandoning ____________ and the
____________, but he had not abandoned his ____________
____________ themselves. ____________ was still among his
____________ in ____________ of ____________.
41. Verse ____________ repeats verse ____________. Verse
____________ is a repetitive summary of verses ____________,
____________ and ____________. Verses ____________ and
____________ associate this vision with that of Ezekiel ______.
42. All God’s servants are to go “straight ahead.” What does this
mean? ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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43. The ____________ of ____________ is shown in Ezekiel 10
to be ____________ ____________, ____________ and
____________ beyond ____________.
44. For what were coals of fire used in the Bible? ____________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
45. The ____________ of ____________ is on the move in the
____________ of ____________ to ____________ his
____________. He often uses the ____________ of
____________ (a ____________’s ____________) to
____________ his purposes. Remember, the ____________ of
____________ can ____________ your ____________, but it
can also ____________!
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