The Future Scientists Symposium 2017 May 29 – 31, 2017
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo
State, Nigeria
Book of Abstracts
Nnanake-Abasi O. OFFIONG Centre for Energy & Environmental Sustainability Research, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Abiodun Atoyebi AJIBOLA Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Idara N. OBOTOWO Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Sampson D. UMOH Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
Chukwuebuka ThankGod ONYEMA Department of Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Joseph E. UWADIALE
Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
Joshua A. OBALEYE
Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Folahan A. ADEKOLA
Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Edu J. INAM
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Funmi ADEKUNLE
Associate Professor, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
Oluwayemi Olanike Esther ONAWUMI
Professor, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
Editorial Board Members:
Scientific Advisory Team:
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
i
Preface
The intention to host Future Scientists Symposium 2017 as a student focused activity in
Nigeria was proposed and graciously approved by the American Chemical Society
through its Office of Undergraduate Programs. It was designed as a follow-up to the
Africa Young Talents of Chemical Sciences Program held in Abuja in 2015 and organized
as a collaborative activity by four chemical societies: American Chemical Society (ACS),
the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), the Federation of African Societies of Chemistry
(FASC) and the Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN). The aim was primarily to advance
research skills of younger scientists within the chemical science discipline. This will
help us achieve sustainability in our national chemistry enterprise.
In cooperation with notable experts and several universities in Nigeria, the symposium
held on the theme titled Research for Sustainable Development in Nigeria and was hosted by the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo
State, Nigeria between May 29 and 31, 2017.
The abstracts from the topics discussed during the symposium were collated into this
book. Accepted abstracts that were not presented are watermarked RETRACTED. The
publication also contains speeches, addresses and presentation abstracts of the
Keynote, Plenary and Guest Speakers. We sincerely hope that this symposium creates a
robust platform for learning, exchange of knowledge, skills demonstration, networking,
mentorship and collaboration amongst participants.
It is worthy to mention that abstracts collated in this publication were carefully
reviewed and selected by a team of editors. However, the views expressed are entirely
those of the authors and not necessarily the position of the ACS or its affiliated members
in Nigeria. Also, the publication of abstracts containing names of products does not
imply its promotion.
The Editorial Team wishes you a rewarding reading.
Editorial Team
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
ii
Table of Contents S/N Title & Authors Page
Plenary 1 Research in Chemical Sciences in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward
Olusegun A. Odunola
1
Plenary 2 Research Ethics, Plagiarism and Innovative Computer Applications for Brazen Chemistry
Research
O. Atolani
2
Plenary 3 Global Chemists’ Code of Ethics: Challenges and Solution
Joshua Ayoola OBALEYE
3
PHY001 Theoretical design of phenothiazine-based sensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells
Idara N. Obotowo, Ime B. Obot, Okon U. Abakedi
4
ENV002 Attenuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
Using Sewage Sludge-derived Biochar Amended with Humic Acid
Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong, Edu Inam, Nsikak Abraham, Opeyemi Fatunla
5
ENV003 Adsorption of AV 19 onto banana peel impregnated nanoscale manganese
Solomon E. SHAIBU, Efiong Nsinem Eyo and Victor F. Ekpo 6
ENV004 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination arising from primitive e-waste recycling
in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria
Chisom M. Obasi, Nkechi H. Okoye, Uche E. Ekpunobi, Rosemary U. Arinze
7
ENV005 Characterization and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of methylene blue on
activated bone char
John B. Edet, Edu J. Inam, Ubong J. Etim, Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong
8
IND006 Phytochemical, anti-nutritional and toxicity assessment of Moringa oleifera seeds, stem
bark and leaves using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) assay
Obi C. Bright and Oluwaniyi O. Omolara
9
INORG007 Coordinative interaction of chitosan-azo dyes towards selected first row transition
metals
Onome Ejeromedoghene, Sheriff Adewuyi
10
PHY008 Kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of ashed cow liver
Magu, Thomas Odey; Sunday, Esther Aniedi; Louis, M. Hilter and Ugi, U. Benedict
11
PHYT009 Synergistic effect of phytochemical extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and lantana
camara .L leaves in the formulation of muscle pain restorative ointment
Obiora Joy.O., Onu John C. and Ezeike Amarachi K.
12
POLY010 Production of Soap from Raffia Palm Fruit Seeds (Raphia hookeri) and Calabash Gourds
Ashes (Crescentia cujete)
Esther A. Sunday, A. U. Israel, Magu T. Odey
13
PHY011 Stability investigations on Cu(II) and Mn(II) compounds of 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-
1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonic acid using quantum chemical methods
Abidoye, Damilola Ezekiel, Jeje Oyeyinka Felicia and SEMIRE, Banjo
14
ORG012 Evaluation of nutritional composition and bioactive components of matured corn silk
(Zea Mays hair)
Habu Christopher, Zakari Ladan, O.A. Babatunde
15
ANYL013 Statistical analysis, parameters' effects and optimization of colour removal from real
textile wastewater using modified sawdust of Parkia biglobosa
Abdulsalam K., Giwa A.,Oladipo M., Arinkoola A.
16
PHY014 Scavenging rhodamine B dye using moringa seed pods
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Bukola Morenike LASISI, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN
17
PHY015 Thermochemistry in interstellar formation processes: the ESA relationship
Idaresit E. Mbakara and Emmanuel E. Etim
18
ORG016 Chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaves and stem essential oils of
Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk) grown in Nigeria
Nureni O. Olawore, Akeem A. Aliyu, Adegbite Omolola, Lateef Agbaje, Ololade Z.
Sunday
19
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
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S/N Title & Authors Page
ANYL017 Levels of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids in okra and tomato
samples from Alau Dam, Borno State, Nigeria
Chellube Z. Muhammed, Abdul Nuhu, Shondo N. Josiah and Onwualu A. Peter
20
ENG018 University research and local economic development: a case study of AUST and its host
community
Afolayan D. Oluwasegun, Onwualu A. Peter
21
ANYL019 Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using titanium dioxide modified with
nitrogen
Stephen Doctor, M.T. Yilleng
22
ENG020 Determination of the removal efficiency of activated carbon produced from milk bush
shell (Thevetia Peruviana) using 2-level factorial design
Ogunniyi, Samuel; Omole, Ayodeji Emmanuel; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; Afolabi,
Tinuade Jolade; Olayiwola, Akeem O.; Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola
23
ENG021
Factorial optimization of methylene blue removal efficiency on dimethylamine-modified
brewery spent grain activated carbon
Olatunji, Yinka Emmanuel; Ademola, Ayodeji Joshua; Oyebanji, Benjamin Oladeji;
Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Amuda, Omotayo Sharafdeen;
Okunade, Inioluwa Deborah
24
ENG022 Methylene blue dye removal efficiency onto organic base activated adsorbent (milk bush
kernel shell)
Raheem, Nafisat Motunrayo; Adeshina, Toheeb; Adeyi, Victoria Abosede; Alade,
Abass Olanrewaju and Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade
25
INORG023 Reactions and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric acid
Patricia Ese Umoru and A.O. Aliyu
26
PHY024 Effect of π-linkers on photo-electronic properties of benzodithiophene (BDT) –thienopyrroledione (TPD) donor-acceptor dyes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
using TD-DFT and DFT methods
Adediran Adejumo and Banjo Semire
27
ENG025 Optimization of adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using activated
carbon produced from mango kernel shell using barium chloride
Okeowo, Idris Olanrewaju; Balogun, Ezekiel Olalekan; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju,
Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Farombi, Abolaji Grace
28
ENG026 Optimization of adsorption capacity of activated African star apple (Chrysophyllum
Albidium) shell carbon using 2-level factorial design
Adeshina, Temidayo Olumide; Asimiyu, Abdulsalam Olawuni; Alade, Abass
Olanrewaju; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade and Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola
29
ENV027 Heavy metals and microbial analysis of water samples used for domestic purposes in
Oluyole Estate, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria
Adegboyega A.M, Fagbemiro V.I and Olalude C.B
30
ENV028 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles in farmland soils around the vicinity of
tobacco processing local industry, Oke-aran, Igboho, Nigeria
John O. AJIBADE, Taofik A. ADEDOSU, Haleema O. ADEDOSU and Olamilekan I.
MUFUTAU
31
ANYL029 Proximate analysis of the edible part of African walnut and physico-chemical analysis of
the oil extracted from the nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum)
Adekanmbi, T. O. and Abiona, O. O.
32
INORG030 Tetraaza macrocyclic ligands: synthesis, elucidation, antibacterial and antifungal
studies
E.C. Ohaekenyem, V.I Onwukeme, F.B. Okoye, J.T. Okonkwo, U.E Ekpunobi
33
PHY031 Rhodamine B dye sequestration using Gmelina arborea leaves
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Esther Oluwadamilola ALABI
34
ORG032 Phytochemical and anti-microbial analysis of the leaves of Cola Gigantea (Sterculiaceae)
Chukwuebuka T. Onyema, Emmanuel C. Ohaekenyem and Vincent I.E. Ajiwe
35
PHY033 Adsorption kinetic studies for the removal of Rhodamine B dye using mango pod
(Mangifera indica) as adsorbent
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Opeyemi Sulaimon AWONIYI, Oyindamola Teniola
AJAYI
36
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
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S/N Title & Authors Page
ORG034 Qualitative and quantitative characterization of Acalypha godseffiana leaf
Uwakmfon A. Effiong and Imaobong E. Daniel
37
PHY035 Inhibition efficiency tendencies of Jatropha Tanjorensis leaf extracts on the corrosion of
aluminium in acidic medium
Nsikan E. Ituen, Mfon A. James
38
ORG036 Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the leaves and seeds essential oils
of Syzygium guineense (Wild) grown in Nigeria
Rukayat A. Odewande, Nureni O. Olawore, Akeem A. Aliyu, Taofik A. Adedosu and
Lateef Agbaje
39
ORG037 Antimalarial effects on the comparative studies of chemical constituents identified in the
stem, root and fruit peel essential oils of Citrus paradisi grown in Nigeria
Nureni O. Olawore, Vinesh J. Maharaj, Oluwasayo E. Ogunjinmi, Taofik A. Adedosu,
and Akeem A. Aliyu
40
ANYL038 Determination of amino acid content in fresh Crinum jagus bulb as a measure of its anti-
neurogardiogenic syncope potential
Abiona, Dupe Lydia, Onawumi Oluwayemi Olanike, Oladoye Sunday Olusegun
41
ORG039 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of oil from two varieties of
tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers
Aliyu A. Warra, Leye J. Babatola, Bashir D. Ibrahim and Adedara O. Adejoju
42
PHY040 Liquid phase adsorption of Rhodamine-B dye using locust bean pod
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Funmilayo SARUMI, Olasunkanmi Seun LAMEED
43
BCH041 Antihyperlipidemic activity of Amaranthus Hybridus leaves on rats fed with high fat diet
Oladiji A.Temidayo and Asiyanbola E. Olawale
44
ORG042 Investigation of the chemical constituents of the leaves and stem volatile oils of Cananga
odorata (L.) grown in Nigeria
Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore, Saidat B. Musediq, Rodiyat O. Amoo and
Oluwaseun O. Akinsipe
45
INORG043 Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of some mixed diclofenac
potassium and paracetamol metal complexes
Aliyu A. Abdulbasit, Joshua A. Obaleye, Olowude Seyi, Olalekan W. Salawu and Bello
K. Eneye
46
ANYL044 Determination of pesticide residues in edible crops and soil from University of
Agriculture, Makurdi Farm
Peter O. Onuwa, Ishaq S. Eneji, Adams U. Itodo and Rufus Sha’Ato
47
ENV045 Study of combustion characteristics of ethanol-petrol mixture as fuel for a four-stroke
single cylinder S.I. engine
Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle, Godfrey K. Akpomie, Ikeokwu C. Ogbu, Ikedichi O. Ekpe
48
ANYL046 Comparative assessment of water quality from hand dug wells and stream around
Otukpa Metropolis of Ogbadigbo Local Government of Benue State-Nigeria
Iorungwa P. D., Iorungwa M. S. and Onoja M. O.
49
ENV047 Batch process degradation of phenol using immobilized activated sludge bacterial cells
Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle, Eldon R. Rene, Lens N.L. Piet
50
MED048 Chemical constituents of Combretum platypetalum leaves and their medicinal
implications
Umoh S. D., Anyam J. V., Essien E. E., Kaase T. P., Oyekachi G. S., Offiong N., Gav B. L. ,
and Igoli J. O.
51
PHYT049 Studies on the phytochemical constituents of persea americana leaf
Mutiu O. Amuda and Theresa. I. Edewor
52
ENG050 Optimization of process variables by the application of D-Optimal Design (DOD) for
congo red removal using activated carbon prepared from flamboyant pod back
Latinwo, G.K., Oke O. R., Arinkoola A.O., Alade, A.O. and Muhammed N.I.
53
PHYT051 Nutritional value and antioxidant properties of most widely consumed cultivated
mushrooms in South East Nigeria
Ukaogo O.P. , Siddhant, Nnorom I.C, Ogbonna N.C and Onyema C. T
54
ENV052 Characterization of biodiesel from composite waste oil, methanol: ethanol (1:1) mixture
with empty oil palm bunch residue and plantain peel residue extracts
Taiwo, A. G., Babarinde, N. A. A. and Ibikunle, A. A.
55
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
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S/N Title & Authors Page
PHY053 Insights into the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye using rice husks
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN, Jeremiah Abiodun OJO
56
ENG054 Adsorption of metylene blue from aqueous solution using acetylated expanded
polystyrene
Taiwo, Oluwayemisi Christianah, Alade, Abass Olanrewaju and Ogunleye, Oladipupo
Olaosebikan
57
MED055 In-vitro antimicrobial properties of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts
Moses I. J., Gav B. L., Ijeoma A. O., Umoh S. D. and Tor P. N.
58
ENG056
Biosorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using micro-wave induced
chemical modified Tithonia Diversyfolia (sunflower) xylem
Ojo, Oyeniyi Sunday, Alade, Abass Olarenwaju, Salam, Kazeem Kolapo, and Jameel,
Ahmad Tariq
59
INORG057 Spectrophotometric determination of the stoichiometry, stability constants and Gibbs
free energy of the complexes of N, N’-bis (Indole-3-ylmethylene) hydrazine with some
selected metal(II) ions
Morenike I. Dada, Muslim Abdullateef, Adedayo J. Apara, Samuel B. Akanji, Ayotunde
D. Ajakaye, Oluwafunmilayo F. Adekunle and Olusegun A. Odunola
60
ENG058 Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using phosphoric acid modified
kaolinite clay
Ibrahim, Saheed Aremu; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju; and Salawudeen, Taofeek
Olalekan and Amuda, Omotayo Sarafadeen
61
ENG059 Biosorption studies of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater using chicken feather
biocomposite
Adeyi, V.A., Agarry S.E., Jimoh, M.O., Salawudeen, T.O., Alade, A.O.
62
ANYL060 Physico-chemical Assessment of some bottled and sachet water in Ogbomoso Metropolis,
Oyo State, Nigeria
Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUMI, Opeyemi Ojo FATUNBI, Adesewa Kemi ADELAKUN,
Suliat Omolola RUFAI, Olusegun Joshua ADEYEMI
63
IND061 Achieving industrialization goals through effective chemical process development
Victor E. Okon, Emmanuel J. Etim
64
PHY062 Kinetic modelling and adsorption properties of Moringa oleifera leaf used for removing
Rhodamine B dye
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Leonard Titilope AZU, Olatubosun Kazeem IBRAHIM
65
ENG063
Optimization of Rhodamine-B biosorption from waste-water unto Tithomia diversyfolia
xylem using central composite design
Okunade Inioluwa Deborah, Afolabi Tinuade Jolade, Alade Abass Olanrewaju,
Osuolale Funmilayo Nihinlola, Olatunji Yinka Emmanuel
66
ORG064 Phytochemical constituents and fatty acid profile of ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of
Luffa cylindrica seed
Ezekiel G. ADEYENI, Ezekiel T. AYODELE and Taofik A. ADEDOSU
67
INORG065 Urea and thiourea metal complexes: solvent free synthesis and its antimicrobial activity
Lawal, Amudat, Nnabuike, G. Ginikachukwu, Obaleye J. Ayoola, Lawal, Misitura
68
ORG066 Evaluation of petroleum source-rock potential of Fika Formation Tuma-1 Well Chad
Basin Nigeria
Badmus, S.O. , Tiamiyu, A. A. , Olasunkanmi, A.O. , Ogungbesan, G.O. and Adedosu, T.A.
69
ANYL067 Purification of used vegetable oil using maize cob
Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUNMI, Sandra Osemudiamen OHENHENLEN, Olubunmi
ADERIBEGBE, Maryam SONAIKE
70
ORG068 Analyses of the leaf oil of Euginea malaccensis and Syzygium samaragense grown in
Nigeria
Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore*, Fatima O. Adeniji and Zinat A. Adewole
71
INORG069 Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of mixed metal complexes of
isoniazid and thiamine HCl
Misitura Lawal, Joshua A. Obaleye, Ginika G. Nnabuike, Mercy O. Bamigboye and
Abigeal O. Arowosaiye
72
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
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S/N Title & Authors Page
PHY070 Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modeling of adsorption of rhodamine B onto
bentonite supported zerovalent iron nanocomposite (B-nZVI)
Adewumi O. DADA, Adesewa D. ILESANMI, Folahan A. ADEKOLA, Olugbenga S.
BELLO, Adejumoke A. INYINBOR, Oluwasesan M. BELLO
73
ANYL071 Assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kidney Island
and Oginigba River water bodies, Rivers State –Nigeria
Joseph Edose Uwadiale, Samuel E. Kakulu, Mary Saleh Dauda
74
ORG072
Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of the stem and leaves of
Moringa oleifera
Nureni O. Olawore, Sunday Z. Ololade, Zacchaeus O. Olatunde and Johnson O. Oyelese
75
IND073 Assessment of the levels of pesticide residues and heavy metals present in topsoil samples
from Wazobia market, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Ojeyemi Matthew OLABEMIWO, Samuel Oluwakayode AJAYI, Babawale Emmanuel
ABIOLA
76
INORG074 A review of supra-molecular structure of Mn (II) complexes with O/N donor ligands of
triazine and 6,6′-dicarboxylicacid-2,2′-bipyridine: adsorptive, non-linear optical and
magnetic properties
Ibrahim A. Omotayo, Odunola O. Ayobami, Onawumi O. O. Esther, Okon-Akan, O.
Abiodun, Youfu Zhou, Feilong Jiang, Maochun Hong
77
INORG075 Assessment of Cu (II) complexes of anti-bacterial drug of citric-amodiaquine acid:
synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and its applications
Amudat A. Lawal, Seyi Olowude, Joshua A. Obaleye, Abiodun A. Ajibola and Aliyu A.
Abdulbasit
78
ANYL076 Determination of phosphate in soil using UV/Visible spectrophotometer: Molybdenum
blue method
Funmilayo Enitan ADELOWO, Abdulazeez Oyeniyi SABEREDOWO
79
PHY077 Efficacy of Occium Gratissimum (OG) in adsorption of indigo carmine dye: kinetics,
isotherm and thermodynamics modelling
Adewumi O. DADA, Oghenerukevwe G. UMUKORO, Dayo F. OLATONA
80
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
1
Research in Chemical Sciences in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward
Olusegun A. Odunola
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Chemical research in Nigeria occurs mostly in the University, and some governmental
parastatals and they are mainly tied to career advancements. The applied component of our
research receives more attention by Nigerian chemists probably due to rigour involved in
fundamental research and limited access to consumables, analytical services and
instrumentation.
Chemical research is increasingly becoming multidisciplinary with strong interaction
between chemistry, biological sciences, and mathematics, engineering, computer and material
sciences. Innovation has mostly emerged from these boundaries in recent time and the future
belongs to those who are creative, smart and are knowledgeable in these other disciplines in
addition to their training in chemistry. Chemists will be expected to participate in serious
problems facing humanity; climate change, new energy sources, producing new materials as
well as addressing pressing health needs. The areas of research that will make chemical
sciences relevant to the future is also discussed.
Research in Nigeria generally suffers from chronic challenges of unfavourable research
environment, lack of access to research funds, support, fellowships and grants for
postgraduate education. The challenges to chemical research within the global environment is
discussed within the contextual reference to its practise in Nigeria.
The roles of Government and our Universities to ensure the survival and competitiveness of
chemical research in the country within the global community for the benefit of our society is
also discussed.
Key words: chemistry, research, policy, innovation, multidisciplinary
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
2
Research Ethics, Plagiarism and Innovative Computer Applications for
Brazen Chemistry Research
O. Atolani, PhD
Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Brazen, distinct or outstanding research especially in Chemistry can only be attained by innovative minds that are equipped with the right tools, training and applications. The days of traditional research without corresponding impact are fast fading and instantly being outclassed by modern innovative young minds. It is pertinent to mention that Chemists of the current age who will play crucial role in the advancement of science and technology must be highly innovative and inspirational. Therefore, a new generation of generation of researchers who are propelled at positively impacting on the society through their research needs constant support and motivation towards the accomplishment of the role.
Consequently, ethics in scientific research exhibition and data publications cannot be overemphasized. It is imperative to mention that there is a geometrical increase in the rate of unethical research practices which manifest in various forms such as plagiarism, false presentation of data, deliberate misinformation, data manipulations and fabrications thereby leading to increased retractions and erratum. In Chemistry and related disciplines, the publication of flawed and bogus work is usually deceptive, distressing and destructive with significant draw-back on the progress in the field not to mention the career of young ones that are quickly truncated at commencement.
Young talented researchers need a creative/innovative mind in order to accomplish great goals in chosen field. This ‘innovation’ refers a substantial positive change compared to incremental changes. It is the application of better alternative to meeting demands. It involves the creation of more effective processes, ideas, technology that help the accomplishment of a task by adopting a new and unparalleled route. Innovation is the driver of all technology-driven societies. Innovative scientific applications are vital tools that must be learnt and adopted periodically by researcher who crave excellence and distinction.
Research is not static; hence, young Chemists must be dynamic. Excellence in research can greatly be enhanced by the application of modern computer software that requires only a ‘little effort’ to decipher. Better software produces better research outputs. Many research breakthroughs are not necessarily the ones performed in the hoity-toity laboratories equipped with all forms of advanced tools, but such uniquely presented in comprehensibly, discrete and elegant manner. The relevance of modern softwares and applications in the final dissemination of research output is highly essential to the effective and brazen communication of science to the global community.
This initiative and sensitisation is implied to foster exchange of ideas within the various focal areas of Chemistry and related disciplines, nurture outstanding and aspiring young researchers and professionals towards improving their respective output viz-a-viz contributing to the development, improvement, stability and advancement of the nation, region and the entire universe through the application of innovative design.
In conclusion, it is vital to reiterate that for any young and dynamic Chemist to make and any notable translational research impact that is beyond the routine and revenant, such must have his/her core values entrenched in research innovation, excellence, integrity, focus, discipline and ability to skilfully manoeuvre on modern applications.
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
3
Global Chemists’ Code of Ethics: Challenges and Solution
Joshua Ayoola OBALEYE
Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin,
Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Ethical issues are critical issues that require serious attention. Research activities are for the
development of our universe. Any nation that refuses to take research very serious will
definitely end in calamity. Dual role is now a key word in our research effort. In other for the
growth of our universe to be meaningful, there is need to resolve the serious ethical issues
surrounding both the positive and negative aspects of these roles. This is a great challenge
that requires urgent solution from experts especially in the field of Chemistry. A long lasting
solution to these challenges is required. Based on these challenges in April 2016 a workshop
that involved over eighteen countries of the world was organized in Kuala Lumpur.
The outcome of this workshop which is expected to form the Global Chemists’ Code of Ethics will be shared and discussed in order to encourage its widespread adoption and
sustainable implementation. It is important for Professionals and policy makers to work
together encouraging ethical research practices. The adoption of the globally recognized
standards for the safety and security of chemicals cannot be overemphasized.
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
4
Theoretical design of phenothiazine-based sensitisers for dye-sensitised
solar cells
Idara N. Obotowo1*
, Ime B. Obot2, Okon U. Abakedi
1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
2Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The challenges facing the design and testing of dye sensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) are the expensive and time-consuming synthesis procedures which have hindered the rapid increase of their efficiencies and computational simulations have proven to be efficient in addressing this challenge. Three novel organic donor-π-acceptor dyes (D3-1, D3-2, D3-3) were designed and studied using computational methodologies based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) in order to investigate their potential for photovoltaic applications in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The electron acceptor (anchoring) group was 2-cyanoacrylic acid for all dyes, the electron donor moiety was phenothiazine with methoxy groups as substituents and thiophene units were used as π-spacer. The computations of the geometries and electronic structures for the proposed dyes were performed using B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory in gas phase. The absorption spectra was examined using TD-CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory in gas phase. The results obtained reveal that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of these dyes can ensure positive effect on the process of electron injection and dye regeneration. DFT and TD-DFT calculations reveal that the molecular properties of the dyes including spectral response, light harvesting efficiency (LHE), free energy of electron injection (ΔGinject
), are remarkably improved compared to the reference D3 dye. The calculated results reveal that all three dyes can be used as potential sensitisers with dye D3-1 showing the best electronic and optical properties and good photovoltaic properties.
Keywords: DFT, phenothiazine, sensitisers, dye-sensitised solar cells
Schematic energy diagram of the new dyes D3-1, D3-2 and D3-3 designed from D3, TiO2 and electrolyte (I-/I3). The EHOMO, ELUMO and energy gap (Egap) of the dyes are in gas phase
Research area: Physical/Theoretical/Computational Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
5
Attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crude oil
contaminated soil using sewage sludge-derived biochar amended with
humic acid
Nnanake-Abasi Offiong1,2*
, Edu Inam1,2
, Nsikak Abraham2,3
, Opeyemi Fatunla2,3
1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
2Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (CEESR), University of Uyo,
Uyo, Nigeria 3Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Release of petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment by spills or leaks constitute major
concerns and sometimes require regulatory compliance monitoring. There are needs for cost
effective and efficient methods for remediation of such contaminated environments. The
present study evaluated the potentials of sewage sludge-derived biochar amended with humic
sediment and commercial humic acid for attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) in crude oil contaminated soil. The results revealed that biochar amended with more
humic sediment demonstrated greater capacity to reduce the concentration of PAHs in
contaminated soil. The least efficiency was observed in a composite containing mostly humic
acid and biochar while the best efficiency was recorded for the amendment containing humic
acid, humic sediment and biochar and had removal efficiencies between 12 % for
fluoranthene and 100 % for naphthalene. Further investigation is required to fully optimize
the amendments for better remediation.
Keywords: PAHs, crude oil contaminated soil, remediation, biochar, humic acid
Profile of PAHs in simulated soils remediated by different formulation of biochar and humus
substances in comparison with control sample
Research area: Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
6
Adsorption of AV 19 onto banana peel impregnated nanoscale manganese
Solomon E. SHAIBU
*, Efiong Nsinem Eyo, Victor F. Ekpo
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
Corresponding author
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, banana peel powder impregnated with nanoscale manganese (BMn) was
prepared by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction method and characterized using
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and
PIXE analysis. The synthesized BMn was subsequently applied for the sorption of acid violet
19 (AV 19) dye representing a triarylmethane class of dyes from aqueous solution. The
adsorption of AV 19 dye was investigated under various experimental conditions such as pH,
contact time, initial concentration of AV 19 dye and adsorbent dosage. The results showed
that the synthesized BMn was an effective adsorbent with a high AV 19 dye adsorption
capacity of 263.5 mg/g. At concentration of 140 mg/L MB dye, 0.02 g of BMn resulted in
78.3 % removal at 165 rpm for a contact time of 120 min at a solution pH of 7.6. The
equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second
order kinetic model better explained the kinetic data.
Keywords: Nanoscale manganese (nMn), bamboo, AV 19 dye, adsorption, isotherm, kinetics
Area of Research: Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
7
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination arising from primitive e-
waste recycling in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria
Chisom M. Obasi
*, Nkechi H. Okoye, Uche E. Ekpunobi, Rosemary U. Arinze
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5027,
Awka, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The E-waste recycling sector in Nigeria has been poorly studied with regard to environmental
contamination of the soil, particularly for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released
from thermal treatment of plastic coated e-waste. Ten surface soil samples were randomly
collected from E-waste work areas in Aba, Nigeria. Concentrations of 16 USEPA priority
parent PAHs in the samples were determined using gas chromatography coupled with flame
ionization detector (GC-FID). Chemical fingerprinting analysis were carried out to determine
the possible source(s) of detected PAHs. The average concentration of PAHs across the five
sites ranged from 21.2 to 1016 g/kg dry weight. Compositional dominance of 4 to 6 ring
PAHs (> 70%) were observed across all the five sample sites. This type of distribution profile
suggest that the major contribution of PAHs to soils is combustion sources with minor
contributions from spilled petroleum products. Similar distribution profile and significant
correlation (r > 0.80, p < 0.01) were found among individual PAHs from site AS I, AS II and
AS II, suggesting similar source of PAHs. Similar trend was also observed between site AS
IV and V (r > 0.70 p < 0.01). Based on the principal component analyses (PCA) of PAHs,
three possible sources of PAHs were identified including: combustion of plastic coated e-
waste, petroleum product spill and high temperature combustion of petroleum products.
These results suggest that PAH concentration in soil is derived from combustion activities of
the primitive E-waste recycling workers with minor input from petroleum product
combustion and petroleum product spill.
Keywords: E-waste, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Soil, Principal component
analyses (PCA)
Plot with PC1, PC2 and PC3 from principal component analysis. Factor loadings of 16 PAHs
on PC1, PC2 and PC3
Research area: Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
8
Characterization and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of methylene
blue on activated bone char
John B. Edet1,2
, Edu J. Inam1,2*
, Ubong J. Etim3, Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong
1,2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
2Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (CEESR), University of Uyo,
Uyo, Nigeria 3State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, School of Science, China University of
Petroleum, Huadong, 266280, Qingdao, P.R. China
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Adsorption potential of activated cow bone char for the removal of methylene blue from
aqueous solution was studied. Comparative proximate characteristics of animal bones
reported in the literature presents cow bone ash as the most promising adsorbent. Hence,
surface characterization of the adsorbent was performed using Fourier transform infra-red
spectroscopy, N2 adsorption as well as x-ray diffraction techniques. Batch adsorption studies
to investigate the efficiency of the adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solution
were evaluated. Surface characteristics of the adsorbent revealed the presence of phosphate,
carbonate, hydroxyl, carbon-carbon, carbon-hydrogen and silicon-oxygen bands as well as -
tricalcium phosphate. Porosity analysis of the adsorbent indicated a total pore volume of
0.261 cm3/g predominated by mesopores (0.251 cm
3/g) and a total Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller
(BET) surface area of 112.0 m2/g. Batch adsorption studies revealed significant increase in
adsorption especially in slightly alkaline medium (pH 7.5) where about 95.17 % of the
chromophoric contaminant was removed from the system with just 0.3 g of the adsorbent.
Equilibrium data were subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms,
the data was best described by Langmuir’s isotherm, though with a relatively low coefficient
of determination (R2 0.8097) suggesting a single layer adsorption of the dye molecules. This
study indicates that activated carbon from cow bone could be utilized as a low cost adsorbent
for the removal of MB from aqueous solution.
Keywords: Methylene blue, batch technique, cow bone char, adsorption isotherms
Surface characteristics and adsorption potential of cow bone ash: A- FTIR spectrum of
adsorbent, B- adsorption potential at different pH, C- XRD spectrum of adsorbent and D-
Porosity characteristics of adsorbent
Research area: Environmental/Physical Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
9
Phytochemical, anti-nutritional and toxicity assessment of Moringa oleifera
seeds, stem bark and leaves using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) assay
Obi C. Bright* and Oluwaniyi O. Omolara
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals which occur naturally in plants and have
protective or disease preventive properties. Anti-nutritional factors are nutrient “antagonist”, they are compounds which reduce the nutrient utilization of food intake in plants or plant
products used as human foods. Hence, their removal is of high importance as it affects the
nutritional quality of food samples. The brine shrimp lethality assay is also considered a
useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. Phytochemical and anti- nutritional factors
in Moringa oleifera plant parts were determined using various standard methods, while the
toxicological assessment was done using brine shrimp lethality assay. The phytochemical
screening and anti-nutrients of the samples revealed that the leaves were highest in Alkaloids
(6.68±2.35 %), Saponins (35.66±0.78%) and Tannins (0.64± 0.45 mg/100g) while the stem
bark has the lowest contents with values 0.53±0.25%; 14.3±0.33% and 0.56±0.17mg/100g
respectively. The seeds were however high in Flavonoids (14.21±0.66%), Oxalates
(31.98±0.62mg/100g), Phytates (0.85±0.04mg/ 100g) and Cyanogenic glycoside (7.4±0.00
mg/100g). The toxicological study also revealed that extracts from the three parts were not
toxic after 24 hours. Mortalities however took place after 48hours (between 1-5 nauplii death)
and 72 hours (5-10 nauplii death) at varying concentrations.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, anti-nutrients, toxicity, brine shrimps, human health
Field/Area of Research: Industrial/Organic Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
10
Coordinative interaction of chitosan-azo dyes towards selected first row
transition metals
Onome Ejeromedoghene *
, Sheriff Adewuyi
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240,
Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Chitosan is an abundant bio-polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin in the
exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan was found to be an attractive alternative to other bio
materials due to its significant physicochemical behavior and ability to selectively bind to
early and post transition metals. In order to improve the performance of this bio-polymer,
chemical modification of chitosan composite and its derivatives have gained much attention.
In this study, a new biopolymeric ligand was synthesized by functionalizing chitosan with the
azo dyes (eriochrome black T (EBT) and sudan III (S3)). The functionalized compounds were
interacted with different concentrations of metal ions leading to complex formation. Both the
new ligand and the complexes were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
and Uv-Vis Spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra reveal a possible hydrogen bonding between
chitosan and the azo dyes. It also suggests an interaction between the N=N of the ligand with
the metal ions. In addition, the Uv-Visible spectra studies shows that on reacting various
concentrations of metal ions with ligand the absorbance increases with decreasing
concentration of the metal ions and was able to interact with as low as 0.001 M of the metal
salt.
Keywords: Chitosan, Biopolymeric ligand, Eriochrome black T, Sudan III, Transition metals
Research area: Inorganic Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
11
Kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of ashed cow liver
Magu, Thomas Odey1*
; Sunday, Esther Aniedi2; Louis, M. Hilter
1 and
Ugi, U. Benedict
3
1Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar. P.M.B.1115, Calabar
2Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
3Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, P.M.B.1123
Calabar
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research studied the kinetics of ethanol effect on iron content of the mammalian liver.
Results obtained reveals that the concentration of iron in the liver decreases with increasing
time interval. The initial iron content in the ashed cow liver was 22.61 mg/L. After 10
minutes of impregnating the iron solution with local ethanol, the amount of iron reduced to
14.30 mg/L. At one hour interval, the quantity of iron further decreased to 7.54 mg/L and
after 90 minutes, it decreased again to 5.36 mg/L. the half-life, rate of reaction as well as
order of reaction was determined. The pH of the liver extract was almost constant throughout
the time interval of measurement. The average pH was 6.52. This research confirms that
ethanol reduces or destroys the iron present in a biological system.
Keywords: kinetics, half-life, rate of reaction, order of reaction, mammalian liver
Research area: Physical/Industrial Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
12
Synergistic effect of phytochemical extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and
lantana camara .L leaves in the formulation of muscle pain restorative
ointment
Obiora Joy. O., Onu John C. and Ezeike Amarachi K.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Chemistry Unit), Federal Polytechnic Oko,
Anambra State, Nigeria
Correspondence should be addressed to: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Phytochemicals continue to play important role in the discovery of pharmaceuticals. In this
present study, synergistic effects of Cymbopogon citratus and lantana camara .L leaves
crude extracts obtained through cold extraction with 80% methanol and essential oil
through steam distillation method using Clevenger apparatus were used as bioactive agent
in the formulation of muscle pain restorative ointment. The phytochemical screening
results of the extracts investigated showed positive results for the presence of alkaloids,
flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, steroids and phenols. High intensity of
bioflavonoid (+++) with 10% ferric chloride solution and deposition of yellowish coloured
precipitate proved the product efficacy in natural ointment formulation in oil phase. The
extracts in the ratio (Cymbopogon citratus:lantana camara .L) 2:8, 4:6, 6:4, 8:2, 0:5, 5:0
and 5:5 (ml/100g) doses were used as bioactive agent in the formulation of muscle pain
restorative ointments using liquid paraffin as blank. The tested products on the muscles of
volunteers gave positive results based on restoration time. It was observed that combined
dose formulation with blend 6:4 and 5:5 gave quick restoration in five minutes than in
single doses that restores in 55 minutes. Therefore with the bio active agent, an
environmentally friendly, muscle pain restorative ointments were explored.
Keywords: Phytochemical; Synergistic effects; Bioactive agent and ointment
Research area: Phytochemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
13
Production of soap from raffia palm fruit seeds (Raphia hookeri) and
calabash gourds ashes (Crescentia cujete)
Esther A. Sunday1*
, A. U. Israel1, Magu T. Odey
2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
2Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River
State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The making of soaps using vegetable matter (raffia palm seeds and calabash gourds) was
examined. All the factors known to impact blackish colouration in soap products after
saponification process was studied, with the view of remedying them. The remedial process
involved subjecting the dried samples to total combustion, soaking, filtration and
recrystallization of the ash-residue to obtain a pure/colourless extract. Oil was extracted from
cow fat and palm kernel. The soaps were produced by modifying a known conventional
method. The following parameters were determined: acid value, moisture content, pH,
saponification value and specific gravity. The oil to lye composition of the soap was in the
ratio of 2:2 and 2:1 respectively. The quality of the soap produced competed favourably with
other medicated soaps. The physic-chemical properties of the produced soap reveals that the
plants (Raffia Palm Fruit Seeds and Calabash Gourds) can be used as potential raw materials
in the production of soaps with improved quality.
Keywords: calabash gourds, raffia palm seed, soap, saponification
Research area: Polymer/Industrial Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
14
Stability investigations on Cu(II) and Mn(II) compounds of 3-(2-pyridyl)-
5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonic acid using quantum chemical
methods
Abidoye, Damilola Ezekiel+, Jeje Oyeyinka Felicia and SEMIRE, Banjo*
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria +Lead author: [email protected]
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Quantum chemical methods are powerful in studying transition metal complexes. Density
functional theory and semi empirical calculations have been carried out on Cu(II) and Mn(II)
complexes of 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,41-disulfonic acid. The
computational methodologies is based on semi-empirical calculations that are performed at
PM3 and PM6 levels, while the hybrid B3LYP method with 6-31G** basis set was used for
density functional theory (DFT) calculations in order to study their stabilities and molecular
properties. All calculations were carried out with Spartan 14 software package. The predicted
geometries supported distorted octahedral structures of the complexes. The FMO plots
revealed that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied
molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of mono Cu(II), bimetallic Cu(II) and bimetallic
Mn(II) complexes are mainly on sulfonic acid and pyridyl-triazine-metal respectively;
however both the HOMO and the LUMO of mono Mn(II) complex are on pyridyl-triazine-
metal. The calculated energy gap, chemical hardness and softness showed that mono Cu(II)
and bimetallic Mn(II) complexes would be hard, thermodynamically stable and less
polarizable. The stabilization energies value calculated at DFT for mono Cu(II) and
bimetallic (or polymeric) Mn(II) complexes are -2.62x102
kcal/mol and -5.78x104 kcal/mol
respectively which shows the preference for synthesis of mono Cu(II) and bimetallic (or
polymeric) Mn(II) complexes as observed experimentally.
Keywords: Copper (II), Manganese (II), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,41-
disulfonic acid, molecular properties, Stabilization energy
Research area: Physical/Computational Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
15
Evaluation of nutritional composition and bioactive components of
matured corn silk (Zea Mays hair)
Habu Christopher1, Zakari Ladan
2, O.A. Babatunde
3
1Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, P.M.B. 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria
2 Departments of Chemistry, Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ASTRACT
The present study reports the nutritional composition and bioactive components of a matured
corn silk (Zea Mays hair). The study revealed the presence of various nutrients in the matured
Zea Mays hair which include %Ash content (3.7867±0.02), % crude lipid (1.2616±0.04),
%crude protein (18.725± 0.79), %crude fibre (42.357±0.03), %total carbohydrate
(28.8439±0.01) and estimated energy value (201.63kcal). The mineral composition showed
high concentrations of sodium (26mg/L), Potassium (12mg/L) and iron (8mg/L) while
calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) have the same concentrations of (6mg/L). The
crude methanolic extracts of the matured corn silk (Zea mays hair) revealed the presence of
flavonoids, Tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, phenols, terpene and terpenoids and the
absence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. While, the crude n-hexane extracts of the
matured Zea mays hairs revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols,
terpene and terpenoids and the absence of Alkaloids, phlobatannins and cardiac glycosides.
Keywords: Zea Mays hair, Nutritional composition, Elemental composition, bioactive
component
Research area: Organic Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
16
Statistical analysis, parameters' effects and optimization of colour removal
from real textile wastewater using modified sawdust of Parkia biglobosa
Abdulsalam K.1*, Giwa A.
1, Oladipo M.
1, Arinkoola A.
2
1Department of Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000,
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B.
4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The removal of color from textile waste water is a major environmental problemas they are
sometimes carcinogenic or mutagenic and the first contaminant to be recognized in water.
Obtaining the optimum conditions i.e., the specific point at which maximum % colour
removal can be achieved is only obtainable by optimizing all the affecting parameters
collectively by statistical experimental design.A novel optimization study on the adsorptive
removal of colour from a real textile wastewater collected from LAUTECH onto modified
sawdust of Parkia biglobosa was conducted. The Design of Experimental (DoE) that
provides detailed information from minimum number of experiments, was employed in this
study rather than the traditional one-variable-at-a-time technique which is both time
consuming and cost ineffective. The adsorbent was characterized using different methods. A
total of 20 experimental runs were performed using Central Composite design of experiment,
and the results were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The characterization
analysis indicates that the adsorbent has potential adsorption sites (represented by functional
groups OH, C = O, C = C, and C = S) with several pores and carbon content as high as
66.77%. The Central Composite Model developed is predictive for colour removal from
wastewater (R-square= 0.985). The percentage colour removal increased with an increase in
adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The optimum conditions required for 88.85 %
colour removal from the wastewater with a desirability of 0.95 are 1.0 g dose of adsorbent at
a temperature of 30.01 oC and contact time of 25 hr.
Keywords: Adsorption, Statistical Analysis, Optimization, Textile Wastewater, Sawdust
Figure of 3D interactive effect of contact time and dose on Percentage removal (% R)
Research area: Analytical/Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
17
Scavenging rhodamine B dye using moringa seed pods
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Bukola Morenike LASISI*, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Moringa oliferia seed pod was modified using orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) and used as
adsorbent for sequestering Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solution. The acid
modified adsorbent (MOSPAC) was characterized using Scanning Electron microscopy
(SEM), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), pH point of
zero charge (pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT) techniques respectively. Operational
parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature were studied in
batch process. Equilibrium data was obtained by testing the adsorption data using four
different isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. It
was found that adsorption of Rh-B dye on MOSPAC correlated well with the Langmuir
isotherm model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1250 mg g-1
. The
kinetics of the adsorption process was tested through pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-
order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model
provided the best correlation for the experimental data studied. The adsorption process was
controlled by both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms.
Thermodynamic study showed that the process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible.
The adsorption followed chemisorption process. The study provided an effective use of
MOSP as a valuable adsorbent for the removal of RhB dye from aqueous solutions.
Keywords: Adsorption; Rhodamine B; Moringa seed pod; kinetics; thermodynamics
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry/Adsorption Technology
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
18
Thermochemistry in interstellar formation processes: the ESA relationship
Idaresit E. Mbakara1 and Emmanuel E. Etim*
2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
2Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Interstellar molecular species play significant roles in diverse fields such as atmospheric
chemistry, astrochemistry, prebiotic chemistry, astrophysics, astronomy, astrobiology, etc,
and in our understanding of the solar system ''the world around us''. Despite the importance of
these molecules, there is lack of consensus about how they are formed under the low
temperature and low density conditions of the interstellar clouds. In this presentation, the
Energy, Stability and Abundance (ESA) relationship existing among interstellar molecular
species which points to “Thermochemistry” as one of the factors influencing interstellar formation processes will be highlighted. According to the ESA relationship, “Interstellar
abundances of related species are directly proportional to their stabilities in the absence of
the effect of interstellar hydrogen bonding”. The importance of the ESA relationship in what
is unarguably one of the most important classes of interstellar molecular species - 'interstellar
isomers' and in the linear carbon chains which remain the dominant theme in interstellar
chemistry will be presented.
Keywords: Astrochemistry, interstellar medium, abundance, quantum chemical calculations
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
100
200
300
400
500
HCnN carbon chains
astronomically observed
not astronomically observed
En
tha
lpy o
f fo
rma
tio
n, kca
l/m
ol
n
Plot showing the ΔfHO for HCnN chain molecules
Research area: Physical/Astrochemistry/Computational Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
19
Chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaves and stem
essential oils of Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk) grown in Nigeria
Nureni O. Olawore1*
, Akeem A. Aliyu1, Adegbite Omolola
1, Lateef Agbaje
2 and Ololade
Z. Sunday3
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Department of Chemical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The chemical constituents and biological activities of the leaf and stem essential oils of
Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk.) grown in Nigeria were investigated using Gas
Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The phenolic content, antimicrobial,
antioxidant and acute toxicity tests were also investigated. α-Gurjunene (9.29%), 8-
oxatetracyclo [5.2.1.1(2,6).1(4,10)] dodecane (7.99%), α-pinene (6.80%), humulene (6.55%),
2-isopropylidene-3-methylhexa-3,5-dienal (6.31%), farnesene epoxide (6.24%) and linalool
(5.07%) were the principal constituents of the leaf oil. The major constituents present in the
stem oil were n-octane (7.22%), 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (7.14%), germacrene D (6.68%),
n-decane (6.08%), limonene (5.16%) and 1,2-dimethylbenzene (5.07%). The total phenolic
contents were estimated as 159.00 µgGAEmg-1
for the leaf oil and 44.00 µgGAEmg-1
for the
stem oil. Both oils displayed good antioxidant activities with respect to the results obtained
from free radical scavenging and reducing power activities. The in vivo acute toxicity showed
that the oils were non-toxic and safe for human consumption. The leaf oil was active at 100
mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus (Urine), S. aureus (Wound), Klebsiella pneumoniae
(Urine), Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger while there was no noticeable inhibition for the
stem oil.
Keywords: Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forsk), α-gurjunene, germacrene D, essential oil
Research area: Organic Chemistry/Natural products
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
20
Levels of some organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids in okra
and tomato samples from Alau Dam, Borno State, Nigeria
Chellube Z. Muhammed
1, Abdul Nuhu
1, Shondo N. Josiah
1,2* and Onwualu A. Peter
2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and
Technology, P.M.B 681, Garki, Abuja F.C.T, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The concentration of pesticide residues such as o,p`-DDD, p,p`-DDT, dieldrin, aldrin,
dichlorvos, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion, cypermethrin, Bifenithrin, Permethrin and
deltamethrin were determined by an improved extraction method from okra and tomato fruit
vegetables using high performance liquid chromatography. The selected pesticides were
extracted from okra and tomato fruit vegetable samples using smaller volume of ethyl-
acetate, anhydrous sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride. Cleanup was done with activated
charcoal. Final extracts of okra and tomato fruit vegetable samples were analysed using high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a ultra-violet detector in an isocratic mode.
The concentrations of all the organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, Diazinon,
Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion,),organochlorine pesticides (o,p`-DDD, p,p`-DDT, dieldrin,
aldrin,) and pyrethroids (Cypermethrin, Bifenithrin, Permethrin, Deltamethrin) in the okra
and tomato samples from the agricultural area was observed to be higher than the maximum
residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs) set for vegetables by the
Cordex 2009 (WHO and FAO). It is recommended that a more rigorous control and
monitoring regime for pesticides for vegetable production should be put in place for the area,
to reduce the risks of health hazards.
Keywords: Okra, Tomato, Organochlorine (OC), Organophosphorus (OP), Pyrethroids
Research areas: Analytical Chemistry /Materials Science and Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
21
University research and local economic development: a case study of AUST
and its host community
Afolayan D. Oluwasegun
1,2*, Onwualu A. Peter
1
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and
Technology, P.M.B 681, Garki, Abuja F.C.T, Nigeria 2 Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Gwagwalada, FCT.
Nigeria.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Universities play several roles in their communities. One of their key functions is to support
and drive regional, social and community development. Others include: participation in
regional clusters, supporting local, cultural and artistic activities, providing opportunities for
regional start-ups or established companies and taking an active role in determining the
strategic direction of local development. Several research breakthrough and output of African
Universities have ended up in the laboratories, many as mere conference proceedings while
others had even managed to get into some award-winning journals. However, failure to adopt
and implement such research findings, faulty correlation between the viable research
methods, tested economic instruments and many more had crippled economic integration and
development in Africa. This research survey addresses the identified failures of Nigerian
researchers and research institutions. The results were analyzed using the chi-square test, T-
test and ANOVA methods of analyses in order to test the research hypothesis for possible
recommendations. Strategies for optimizing commercialization of innovation from the
University were recommended as tools required in the pursuit of local economic
development. Justified recommendations that will catalyze the conversion of scientific
research and logical innovation into useful economic integration and development were
deduced based on the research, innovation and development nexus.
Keywords: Innovation, commercialization, economic development, spin-off, knowledge
spillover
Research Field/Areas: Chemical Engineering/Mineral Processing/Materials Science
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
22
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using titanium dioxide
modified with nitrogen
Stephen Doctor and M. T. Yilleng
Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, P.M.B 2339 Kaduna, Nigeria
Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The study involves the investigation of altering the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 using
ammonia as a precursor for nitrogen doping. The findings in this research have justified the
synthesis and investigation of the nitrogen doped TiO2 photocatalyst in the treatment of
organic industrial dyes by degrading methylene blue dyes which serve as a model dye for this
study. From the result obtained, the percentage conversion for the degradation of methylene
blue was 97.30%, 85.75%, 65.10% and 60.30% using 1%N-TiO2, 3%N-TiO2, 5%N-TiO2 and
PURE-TiO2 under ultraviolet light provided by a mercury lamp after 80 minutes of
irradiation with proper stirring respectively. High efficiency of the degradation of methylene
blue dye was achieved using 1%N-TiO2 while there was that closeness in photoactivity
between 5%N-TiO2 and PURE-TiO2. Generally, the degradation efficiency follows the
following trend 1%N-TiO2 >3%N-TiO2 >5%N-TiO2>PURE-TiO2. Therefore, doping TiO2
with nitrogen shows higher activity toward degradation of methylene blue dye compare to
pure TiO2 within the first 80 minute time of irradiation. It shows constancy in the rate
constants of the reaction for each prepared photocatalyst in the degradation of methylene blue
dye for the 80 minutes of irradiation with respect to first order equation. This means that the
pseudo-first order kinetics of dye removal is acceptable for all photocatalytic processes.
Under similar conditions however, the comparison of the lines slope of the photocatalysed
reaction which is the apparent rate constant was observed to follow trend 1%N-TiO2 >3%N-
TiO2 >5%N-TiO2>PURE-TiO2.
Keywords: N-TiO2, PURE-TiO2, methylene blue dye, photo-catalyst, degradation
Schematic mechanism of photocatalytic reaction occurring on photoactivated N-TiO2 particle
Research area: Analytical/Physical/Nano-chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
23
Determination of the removal efficiency of activated carbon produced from
milk bush shell (Thevetia Peruviana) using 2-level factorial design
Ogunniyi, Samuel1,2
*; Omole, Ayodeji Emmanuel1,2
; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3
;
Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2,3
; Olayiwola, Akeem O. 2,4
; Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola2,5
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit (BWERU), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria;
3 Science and Engineering
Research Group (SAERG), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 4Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 5Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic
University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A low cost carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from milk bush shell (MBS) impregnated with ethylamine was tested for its removal efficiency (RE). The process parameters investigated include: initial concentration, time, agitation and temperature. This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of activated carbon to remove methylene blue dye in aqueous solution. The MBS was sourced within Ogbomosho town. The kernels were washed with water to remove surface impurities, sun-dried, mechanically cracked, re-washed and then oven dried at 105 to constant weight. The dried MBS were ground to uniform sizes and subjected to activation processes using Ethylamine. Optimisation was conducted based on 2-Level Factorial Design using Design Expert (10.0.1.0) software. The RE of activated carbon was studied using methylene blue as adsorbate. 0.1g of each of the sample was added to 10ml of methylene blue concentration of 10mg/L from 50mg/L stock solution prepared. It was left for 24hours forming two layers of supernatant and the residue. Supernatant was taken for further studies. The highest RE (72.16%) was obtained at Run 1 (30 mins, 600 , 0.5 IMR, 300Hz and at frequency time of 60mins) while the lowest RE (-6.63%) was obtained at run 10 (30 mins, 300 , 0.1 IMR, 600Hz and at frequency time of 30mins). Numerical optimization suggests our desirability(1) to be selected(72.206) could be achieved at 600 , 30mins, 1:0.5 IMR, microwave frequency of 300 Hz and microwave time of 60 mins. MBS is found to have a relatively high RE when carbonized at a higher temperature and treated with a suitable activant.
Keywords: Milk Bush Kernel Shell (Thevetia peruviana), Removal Efficiency, Activated Carbon, 2-
Level Factorial Design and Methylene blue
Standardized Effect of the Model Terms with respect to Half Normal % probability of the removal
efficiency
Research Area: Chemical Engineering
0.00 0.40 0.79 1.19 1.58 1.98 2.38
01020
30
50
70
80
90
95
99
Half-Normal Plot
|Standardized Effect|
Half-
Norm
al %
Pro
babil
ity
A-Temp
B-Time
C-IMR
D-FreqE-MW Time
AB
AC
ADAE
BC
BD
BEDE
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
24
Factorial optimization of methylene blue removal efficiency on
dimethylamine-modified brewery spent grain activated carbon
Olatunji, Yinka Emmanuel1,2*
; Ademola, Ayodeji Joshua1,2
; Oyebanji, Benjamin
Oladeji1,2
; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3
; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2
; Amuda, Omotayo
Sharafdeen 2,4
; Okunade, Inioluwa Deborah5,2
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3
Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 5Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State,
Nigeria
* Corresponding author: [email protected]; +2348161535938
ABSTRACT
Brewery spent grain (BSG), major solid waste from brewery, was used as precursor for the
production of low cost activated carbon suitable for the removal of methylene blue in this
study. The BSG samples obtained from brewery were washed, dried, modified with
dimethylamine before being subjected to carbonization. The factors such as temperature,
time, and impregnation ratio, microwave frequency and frequency time for the activation
process were optimized according to 2-Level Factorial Design of Design Expect (10.0.1)
software. The removal efficiency of the BSG-activated carbon was studied using methylene
blue as adsorbate. Exactly 0.2g of BSG-activated carbon sample was added to 20 ml of distill
water containing 10 mg/l of methylene blue. The supernatant was subjected to UV test at
645nm after 24 hours in order to quantify the amount of methylene blue unadsorbed. The
highest and lowest removal efficiency obtained were 89.58% (0.10 IMR, 300 temperature,
60 minutes frequency time, 300 Hz frequency, 60 minutes time) and 33.52% (0.25 IMR,
300 temperature, 60 minutes frequency time, 300 Hz frequency, 120 minutes time)
respectively. Numerical optimization suggested the following conditions 0.1 (IMR), 300.00
(carbonization temperature), 300.549Hz (frequency), 59.691 minutes (frequency time),
60.301 minutes (time) as the optimum conditions, with removal efficiency of 89.525%. The
result obtained also shows that the difference between statistically determined and the
optimized removal efficiency was 0.055 (0.061%). This study indicates that Factorial
Methodology can be effectively used to determine the removal efficiency of activated carbon
developed from Brewery Spent Grain.
Keywords: brewery spent grain, carbonization, removal efficiency, Optimization
Research area: Chemical Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
25
Methylene blue dye removal efficiency onto organic base activated
adsorbent (milk bush kernel shell)
Raheem, Nafisat Motunrayo*1, 2
; Adeshina, Toheeb1,2
; Adeyi, Victoria Abosede1,2
,
Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3
and Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3
Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Basic dyes are the brightest class of water soluble dyes used by the textile industries, and
Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most frequently used dyes in all industries. Health effects
like eye burns, and irritation to the gastrointestinal tract with symptoms of nausea, vomiting
and diarrhea is as a result of this MB in water. Milk bush kernel (Thevetia peruviana) shell
was collected, it was dried, crushed, washed, re-dried and sorted and milled to medium size.
An organic base was used as an activating agent, triethanolamine and neutralized by
trichloroacetic acid, an organic acid. The factors chosen for the carbonization are;
Temperature (°C), Time (min), IMR, Frequency (Hz) and MW Time (min), response was
removal efficiency, RE (%). The optimum condition was obtained from Design Expert in
which initial conditions and final conditions was fed into the design and 16 experimental runs
was generated and used for the carbonization of T. peruviana in muffle furnace. The stock of
methylene blue was prepared followed by serial dilution with water; this was used for
removal efficiency, RE experiment, using effect of initial concentration, effect of contact
time and effect of agitation. No transformation was done to the model and 2 Factors
Interactions was selected as Model design for the response. The maximum, 84.186% gotten
from run 13 at temperature of 600°C, time, 30 min, IMR of 0.1, frequency of 600Hz and MW
time of 60min. Also, the minimum -7.197% was gotten at run 4 when temperature is 300°C,
30min time, IMR of 0.1, frequency of 600Hz, and MW time of 60min. The optimum effect of
initial concentration is 10mg/l while no equilibrium reached for contact time, the removal
efficiency increases as the time is increases. Isotherm models used in the study was
Langmuir, Elovich, Temkin and Intraparticle while the Freundlich is not favorable for this
study; likewise kinetic models are first-order and second-order kinetic models.
Keywords: Dye, Organic base, Carbonization, Removal efficiency
Research Area: Chemical Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
26
Reactions and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric
acid
Patricia Ese Umoru* and A.O. Aliyu
Department of Chemistry, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The reaction and mechanism of tartrazine and molybdate ion in hydrochloric acid has been
investigated at a temperature of T = 30 ± 1oC, [H
+] = 1 x 10
-4 mol dm
-3 and ionic strength, µ
= 1.0 mol dm-3
. The reaction is first order with respect in both tartrazine and molybdate ion.
The rate of reaction was found to decrease with increase in ionic strength concentration and
increased with increase in dielectric constant concentration; added cation and anion also
increased the rate of reaction. The reaction rate showed increase as the [H+] increased which
obeyed the rate law: —d[TZ+]/dt = (a + b[H
+])[TZ
+][MoO4
2-]; at 30 ± 1
oC, [H
+] = 1 x 10
-4, µ
= 1.0 mol dm-3 (NaCl) and max = 560 nm. Investigation of spectroscopic test did not indicate
the formation of intermediate complex during the course of the reaction as suggested by
absence of intercept in Michaelis- Menten plot and lack of shift in max. Hence a plausible
mechanism in favour of outer-sphere mechanism has been proposed.
Keywords: Reaction, Mechainsm, Tartrazine, Molybdate ion
Research area: Inorganic Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
27
Effect of π-linkers on photo-electronic properties of benzodithiophene
(BDT) –thienopyrroledione (TPD) donor-acceptor dyes for dye sensitized
solar cells (DSSCs) using TD-DFT and DFT methods
Adediran Adejumo+ and Banjo Semire
*
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria +Lead author: [email protected]
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Conjugated polymers, containing benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b] dithiophenes (BDT) as donor units and
thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,5-diones (TPD) as acceptor units were modified by introducing
thiophene/fused thiophenes as π-linkers for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Quantum
chemical calculations were performed on the modelled dyes using time-dependent density
functional theory (TD-DFT) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The effect of π-
linkers on the dyes molecular geometries, intra-molecular charge transfer, electronic and
optical properties were examined and discussed. The calculated parameters were the HOMO,
LUMO, ∆Eg (EHOMO-ELUMO), global reactivity indices and light harvesting efficiency (LHE).
Diethoxy- benzothiophene;pyrrole-2-carbonitrile-8 (DBPC8) dye was estimated to have the
most outstanding photo physical properties, better conductivity, high photocurrent and charge
transfer better ability than others. The calculated LHE and chemical hardness (η) suggested that the narrower the gap between LHE and η the longer the light absorption wavelength and the better a D-π-A dye sensitizer to be used in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Therefore,
introduction of π-linker to benzodithiophene-thienopyrrole-dione (BDT-TPD) dyes especially
for DBPC8 lowered the ∆Eg, improved intra-electronic charge transfer (ICT) and
photocurrent of the dye compared to benzodithiophene–thienopyrroledione (BDT-TPD) dyes.
Keywords: Benzodithiophene derivatives, photo-electronic, dye-sensitised solar cells, DFT
Research area: Physical/Computational Chemistry
Schematic structure and Energy gap diagram of the studied dyes. Where X represent thiophenes
/fused dithiophene and Y= S, Se
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
28
Optimization of adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using
activated carbon produced from mango kernel shell using barium chloride
Okeowo, Idris Olanrewaju1,2*
; Balogun, Ezekiel Olalekan1,2
; Alade, Abass
Olanrewaju1,2,3
, Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2
and Farombi, Abolaji Grace 2,4
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit (BWERU), Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3
Science and Engineering Research Group (SAERG), Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; +2347069433332
ABSTRACT
The presence of methylene blue (MB) in wastewater is a major concern in the environment
due to its low biodegrability and harmful effect on man. The treatment of effluent containing
such dye is important where adsorption on activated carbon (AC) produced from agricultural
waste is of great choice. Optimization of the adsorption of MB from aqueous solution onto
AC prepared from mango shell was investigated. The AC was prepared from mango shell,
activated with BaCl2 at I.R (0.033-0.167), frequency (300-600 Hz), time (30-60 min) and
carbonized at temperature (200-500 ◦C) and time (β0-60 min) based on the 16 runs generated
by the Design of Expert. 2-Level factorial design was applied for optimization. Batch
adsorption experiment was carried out at 25 °C to study the effect of contact time and initial
dye concentration on MB adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were
investigated. The optimized values of adsorption capacity (0.774 mg/g) was obtained at 0.0γγ, γ00 C, 59.64 min, 300 Hz and 48.14 min as compared to the experimental value of
0.805 mg/g. The pred R2 of 0.9966 was in reasonable agreement with the Adj R
2 of 0.9998.
The MB uptake increased with increase initial concentration and contact time. The isotherm
analysis implied that the adsorption data fit better by Temkin isotherm (R2=0.9425 & 0.9842)
and kinetic data was best described by intra-particle diffusion model (R2=0.9909) at initial
concentration of 10 & 15mg/L. The result implied that mango shell was suitable as an
adsorbent material for adsorption of MB.
Keywords: Activated carbon, Methylene blue, Mango shell, Optimization, Adsorption
Isotherm, and Kinetic
Research area: Chemical Engineering/Water treatment and adsorption
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
29
Optimization of adsorption capacity of activated African star apple
(Chrysophyllum Albidium) shell carbon using 2-level factorial design
Adeshina, Temidayo Olumide1,2*
; Asimiyu, Abdulsalam Olawuni1,2
; Alade, Abass
Olanrewaju1,2,3
; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolade1,2
and Mohammed Nurudeen Ishola2,4
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4Biotechnology Engineering Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The potential of African star apple (chrysophyllum albidium) shell as a good material for the
production of effective adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption was investigated in the
study. The shell was crushed, washed, treated with trichloroacetic acid and then subjected to
carbonization under different experimental conditions. Experimental conditions such as
temperature, time, impregnation ratio, microwave frequency and frequency time were
optimized according to 2-Level Factorial Design of Design Expect (10.0.1) software. The
chrysophyllum albidium shell (0.1g) sample was mixed with 10 ml of methylene blue (10
mg/l). The supernatant obtained after 24 hrs was subjected to UV test at 645nm quantify the
amount of methylene blue unabsorbed. The results obtained were further used for adsorption
isotherm. The highest and lowest adsorption capacity obtained are 0.9962 mg/g (0.1IMR,
300 , 60 min frequency time, 300 Hz and 60 mins carbonization time) and 0.3617 mg/g
(0.25 IMR, 300 , 60 mins frequency time, 300 Hz, 120 mins carbonization time)
respectively. The numerical optimum of the adsorption capacity, determined by the software,
was 0.99786 (0.497 IMR, 546.864 , 107.152 mins carbonization time, 315.416 Hz, 59.483
mins frequency time), with 0.18% difference from experimental results. Freundlich isotherm
was discovered to be the best isotherm for this study with R2 value of 0.9997. This study has
demonstrated the suitability of using chrysophyllum albidium shell to develop effective
adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from wastewater and Factorial Methodology
could be effectively used for study.
Keywords: adsorption capacity, chrysophyllum albidium, methylene blue, trichloroacetic
acid
Area of Research: Chemical Engineering/Adsorption / Wastewater Treatment
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
30
Heavy metals and microbial analysis of water samples used for domestic
purposes in Oluyole Estate, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria
Adegboyega A.M*, Fagbemiro V.I and Olalude C.B
The Polytechnic of Ibadan, Chemistry Department, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Contamination of the environment with heavy metals from both human and natural sources is
a well known global problem. This study was conducted to determine the quality of water in
an industrialized area in Ibadan. A total number of twenty (20) samples were collected from
ten wells and ten boreholes from different locations and were investigated for the heavy
metals, physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics using standard methods. The pH
ranged from 6.3-8.3, total dissolved solid ranged from 1276.67-2816.67mg/l, total hardness
ranged from 48.67-86.97mg/l. The chloride and nitrate concentration ranged from 10.33-
27.37mg/l and 0.20-4.10mg/l respectively. Also the temperature, electrical conductivities and
the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, cadmium, lead, iron, copper
and zinc were also determined. The viable bacterial counts were determined using standard
plate method. The total aerobic count and total coliform count ranged from 1.0×102cfu/ml-
8.9×105 cfu/ml and 1.0×10
4cfu/ml-8.3×10
3cfu/ml respectively. The microbial isolates were
Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Aeromonas sp, Enterobacter sp, Flavobacterium, Proteus,
Micrococcus sp, and Escherichia coli. This study revealed that the physicochemical
parameters of the water samples were within the EPA and WHO permissible limits but the
total aerobic counts and coliform counts for all the samples were observed to have exceeded
the EPA and WHO standard limits hence making the water in this areas unfit for drinking.
Keywords: Physicochemical, bacteriological, quality, industrial area, heavy metal
Research Area: Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
31
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons profiles in farmland soils around the
vicinity of tobacco processing local industry, Oke-aran, Igboho, Nigeria
John O. AJIBADE1, Taofik A. ADEDOSU
1*, Haleema O. ADEDOSU
2 and Olamilekan
I. MUFUTAU1
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Tobacco production is an unheralded scandal with noxious and hazardous compounds that are
genotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic to the environmental habitation. This study has been
carried out to determine the distributions, sources and toxicity potential of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vicinity of tobacco processing local industry, Oke-Aran
Area, Igboho, Oyo State, Nigeria. Soil and food crop samples collected from tobacco curing
site and the surrounded farmlands were extracted with sonicator and the extracts were
fractionated saturate, aromatic (PAHs) and polar fractions. The detection and quantification
of 19 priority PAHs compounds were carried out using GC-FID. The total concentration of
the 19 PAHs in soils ranged between 136.70 g/kg to 889.30 g/kg and the highest
concentration was recorded at the curing site while the lowest concentration was recorded at
the distant farmland. The distribution of PAHs ring size is in the order of 5˃4˃γ˃6˃β and the diagnostic indices calculated showed that the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
the samples were mainly pyrogenic. The total concentration of carcinogenic PAHs ranged
from 6.07 g/kg to 321.04 g/kg and total concentration of toxic PAHs ranged from 6.27
g/kg to 254.37 g/kg and the mean concentration were closer to accepted detection limit.
The concentration and distribution of individual PAHs in the samples showed that tobacco
processing local industry is the major source of pollution in the study area and the farmlands
needs to be remediated before further use.
Keywords: Pollution, soil, PAHs, carcinogenic
Research area: Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
32
Proximate analysis of the edible part of African walnut and physico-
chemical analysis of the oil extracted from the nut (Tetracarpidium
conophorum)
Adekanmbi, T. O. and Abiona, O. O.
Chemical Sciences Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author’s Emailμ [email protected], Phone number: +2348038041050
ABSTRACT
The proximate composition of raw nut of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut)
were quantitatively evaluated using the methods of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists (AOAC). Walnuts were dehulled, sorted, dried, weighed and milled to powdered
form. The results of the study showed that the moisture content is 4.3% , ash content 7.0% ,
crude protein 17.73% , crude fibre 6.5% , crude oil 56.55% , carbohydrate 7.92% . The oil
was extracted using soxhlet extraction method and characterized for physicochemical
properties using standard methods. Oil yield of walnut kernel was 56.55% and the physico-
chemical analysis of oil extract include the specific gravity, saponification, acid value, free
fatty acid, ester, peroxide value and viscosity, the values are 0.8911 , 82.05 , 3.60 , 2.5, 78.45
, 9.40, and 1.512 respectively. Characterization of the oil revealed that the oil has free fatty
acid content and ester which suggest its suitability also as edible oil while the high acid and
low peroxide content were indicatives of high susceptibility to rancidity and low antioxidant
levels. These suggest the suitability of walnut oil for industrial and domestic purposes.
Keywords: Proximate composition, Tetracarpidium conophorum, Physico-chemical
properties,
Research Area: Analytical Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
33
Tetraaza macrocyclic ligands: synthesis, elucidation, antibacterial and
antifungal studies
E.C. Ohaekenyem1*, V.I Onwukeme
1, F.B. Okoye
2, J.T. Okonkwo
2, U.E Ekpunobi
1
1Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra
State Nigeria
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State Nigeria
* Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Two teteraazamacrocyclic ligands —1, 6, 9, 14 -Tetraazacyclodotriaconta-1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13,
15, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31 -Tetradecene (Civel), and 1,6,9,14-tetraaza-3,4,11,12-
tetrahydroxyl-cyclodotriaconta-1,5,7,8,9,13,15,16,18,21,23,25,28,31-tetradecene (jicvel)
were prepared using 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline(A) and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-
dicarbaldehyde(B), with the later being a product of oxidation of the 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-
phenanthroline. The civel ligand was synthesized by the condensation of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-
phenanthroline and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde, using Zeisel method, while
jicvel ligand was synthesized through benzoin condensation of 2,9-dial derivative of 1,10-
phenanthroline. The Co complex of civel was equally synthesised. The structures of the
ligands were elucidated using results obtained from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy having 1HNMR signals at 3.15 ppm and 7.78-8.46 ppm, and
13CNMR signals at
23.20 ppm and 126.10-160.10ppm; Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy
confirms the presence of functional groups with the following vibrations 1493.92cm-1
,
1586.50, 2928.04cm-1
, 2850.00cm-1
; High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), X-
Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Ultra-Violet (UV) spectroscopy. The Ultra-Violet (UV) analysis
results, together with Tanabe-Sugano energy diagrams revealed that the Co ion in the
complex was in +4 oxidation state with band assignments, 1,2T2g to (
2T1g,
2A2g); 2,
2T2g to
2Eg; 3,
2T2g to
2A1g ; that the ligands were of strong field and that the complex is octahedral in
shape. The Crystal Field Stabilisation Energy (CFSE) calculated showed -11174cm-1
as the
stabilisation energy of transition metal (Co) complex. The compounds A, civel was in
orthorhombic crystal system, while B, jicvel, was in Cubic crystal systems. Antimicrobial
analysis of the ligands and the complex on two gram-negative bacteria, (Escherichia coli and
Klebsiella pneumonia), two gram positive bacteria, (Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus
subtilis), and two fungi, (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) showed activity against
gram positive bacteria and fungi but none against gram negative. They can find applications
in pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Supramolecules, tetraaza macrocycles, ligand, and phenanthroline
Specialty: Inorganic Chemistry
N
N N
N
OH
OH OH
OH
(A) (B) CIVEL JICVEL
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
34
Rhodamine B dye sequestration using Gmelina arborea leaves
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Esther Oluwadamilola ALABI*
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
E-mail corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Chemically prepared activated carbon derived from Gmelina arborea leaves (GAL) were
used as adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solutions. The
textural adsorptive characteristics of activated carbon prepared from GAL were studied using
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), Energy
Dispersive X-ray (EDX), pH point of zero charge (pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT)
techniques respectively. The effect of contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature
were also examined. Experimental data was analyzed using four different isotherm model
equations: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich. Four adsorption kinetic
models: Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models
were used to test the adsorption experimental data in order to elucidate the kinetic adsorption
process. The adsorption of Rh-B dye on GAL was best described by Langmuir Isotherm
model with maximum monolayer coverage of 1000 mg.g-1
. Adsorption data was best
described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as
standard free energy change (ΔGo), standard enthalpy change (ΔHo
), standard entropy change
(ΔSo) were studied. Values of ΔHo
was 1510.86 Jmol-1
, ΔSo was 386.26 Jmol
-1K
-1, ΔGo
varied between -22712.58 to -18193 Jmol-1
indicating that the removal of Rh-B dye from
aqueous solution by GAL was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Acid treated GAL was
found to be an effective absorbent for the removal of Rh-B dye from aqueous solution.
Keywords: Rhodamine B; Gmelina arborea leaves; isotherms; kinetics; thermodynamics.
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry – Adsorption Technology
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
35
Phytochemical and anti-microbial analysis of the leaves of Cola Gigantea
(Sterculiaceae)
Chukwuebuka T. Onyema*, Emmanuel C. Ohaekenyem and Vincent I.E. Ajiwe
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.O Box 5025,
Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author’s emailμ [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The abundance of diseases caused by different microorganisms with their susceptibility to
treatment using locally sourced medicinal plants and rapid resistance to conventional drugs
necessitated the phytochemical and antimicrobial analyses of the purified leaves extract of
Cola gigantea. Extracts obtained using Harbone method of extraction were separated using a
combination of column and preparative thin layer chromatography resulting in the isolation
of two fractions tagged A and B with Rf values of 0.4467 and 0.7067 respectively. Structure
elucidation of fractions using FTIR, UV-Visible, GCMS, H1 and C
13- NMR gave rise to the
following suggested compounds A and B. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of
some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids,
steroids, tannin, terpenoids in various concentrations with cyanogenic glycosides and saponin
completely absent. The values of mineral elements; Cd (0.40mg/g), As (0.03mg/g), Cr
(0.90mg/g), Co (0.43mg/g), Fe (0.04mg/g) etc in the leaves all conformed to the WHO
recommendations thus showing its overall safety for therapeutic purposes. Punched Agar
diffusion method for antimicrobial analysis was carried out on the two isolated fractions
comparatively with a standard drug cipromax fort (a broad spectrum antibiotic). A total of
fourteen test organisms consisting of eleven bacteria strains and three fungi were used with
the leaves fractions being active on all the test organisms given their average diameter zones
of inhibition which ranged between 10mm and 28mm. As such these fractions can serve as
anti-microbials to diseases caused by these test organisms as acclaimed by ethnomedical
practitioners.
Keywords: Cola gigantea, phytochemicals, anti-microbials, structure elucidation, heavy
metals
Isolated Leaves Fractions A and B
Research Area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry
A B
1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid,dioctyl-dodecanoic
acid,2-propenoic acid,2-methyl-ethenyl ester
Dodecanoic acid
1,2-Benzene Dicarboxylic Acid, Diisooctyl
Ester,2-Hydroxy Cyclopentadecanone
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
36
Adsorption kinetic studies for the removal of Rhodamine B dye using
mango pod (Mangifera indica) as adsorbent
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Opeyemi Sulaimon AWONIYI*, Oyindamola Teniola
AJAYI
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the use of acid modified mango pod (MP) absorbent for the removal
of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray
(EDX), pH point of zero change (pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT) techniques respectively. A
series of experiments were conducted in batch system to assess the effect of the operational
parameters, i.e. temperature, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time
respectively. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities and related
correlation coefficients of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle
models were calculated and discussed. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo
second-order kinetic model for the experimental data studied with the highest correlation
coefficient of correlation (R2 > 0.99). The adsorption process was controlled by both
boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. Four isotherm models Langmuir,
Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), were used to analyze the
equilibrium data at different temperatures. Freundlich model gave the best fit with the highest
regression (0.99) while Langmuir isotherm model gave a maximum monolayer adsorption
capacity of 500 mg g-1
. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free
energy (∆G0), standard enthalpy (∆H0), standard entropy (∆S0), and the activation energy (Ea)
were calculated. The adsorption process of Rhodamine B dye onto different activated carbon
prepared from mango pod was found to be feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature.
The study showed mango pod as a valuable and effective adsorbent for the removal of
Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution.
Keywords: Mango Pod; Rhodamine B dye; Adsorption; kinetics; isotherms, thermodynamics
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry – Adsorption Technology
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
37
Qualitative and quantitative characterization of Acalypha godseffiana leaf
Uwakmfon A. Effiong and Imaobong E. Daniel*
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization of acetone and ethanol leaf
extracts of Acalypha godseffiana were investigated. Preliminary screening of the two extracts
revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phytosteroids, triterpenes
and cardiac glycosides at varying concentrations. However, anthraquinones, carbohydrates
and coumarins were absent in both extracts. Quantitatively, both extracts contained
glycosides as the major phytochemical constituent. This account for the ethno-medicinal
application of the plant extract in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorder, antibacterial,
antifungal agents, abdominal disorder, skin infections, headache and a temporal remedy for
bronchial ailments. Hence, this provides a scientific support to the folkloric claims of the
plant in the treatment of various ailments in traditional medicine.
Keywords: Acalypha godseffiana, Euphorbiaceae, qualitative and quantitative
characterization, leaf extract
A B
A-Acalypha godseffiana plant; B- Quantitative characteristics of Acalypha godseffiana leaf
extracts
Research Area: Organic/ Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
(LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
38
Inhibition efficiency tendencies of Jatropha Tanjorensis leaf extracts
on the corrosion of aluminium in acidic medium
Nsikan E. Ituen*, Mfon A. James
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The corrosion inhibition of aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution by Jatropha
tanjorensis ethanol leaf extract (JELE) and Jatropha tanjorensis acetone leaf extract
(JALE) was studied using weight loss and thermometric methods. The presence of
both extracts (JELE and JALE) significantly inhibited the corrosion of aluminium in
hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with
increase in the concentrations of both JELE and JALE, respectively. Inhibition
efficiency increased with increase in temperature of JELE but decreased with increase
in temperature of JALE. The maximum inhibition efficiency by JELE was 88.96% at
60°C at extract concentration of 5.0 g/L while that of JALE was 48.48% at 30°C at
extract concentration of 5.0 g/L. The Ea values in the presence of the different
concentrations of JELE were lower than in their absence while Ea values in the
presence of the different concentrations of JALE were higher than in their absence.
The calculated thermodynamic parameters revealed that the corrosion inhibition
process was both endothermic and spontaneous. The experimental data obtained from
both leaf extracts obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Chemical adsorption
(chemisorption) has been proposed for the adsorption of JELE on aluminium surface
while physical adsorption (physisorption) is proposed for the adsorption of JALE on
aluminium surface.
Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, aluminium, Jatropha tanjorensis, weight loss,
thermometric, Langmuir isotherm
Research Area: Physical Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
(LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
39
Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the leaves and
seeds essential oils of Syzygium guineense (Wild) grown in Nigeria
Rukayat A. Odewande1, Nureni O. Olawore
1*, Akeem A. Aliyu
1, Taofik A.
Adedosu1 and Lateef Agbaje
2
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at determining the chemical compositions and antimicrobial
activities of the leaves and seeds essential oils of Syzygium guineense (Wild). The
pulverized leaves and seeds of Syzygium guineense (Wild) were subjected to
hydrodistillation using an all glass Clevenger-type apparatus and the essential oils
obtained were characterized by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry.
The essential oils were evaluated for antimicrobial activities using agar well diffusion
method. The yields of the leaf and seed essential oils were 0.5% and 0.3%, w/w
respectively. The major components found in the leaf oil was cyperene (23.0%), -
pinene (14.2%), D-limonene (13.0%) and α-pinene (11.9%) while the seed oil was
dominated by octadec-9-enoic acid (14.3%), guaiol (10.5%) and humulane-1,6-dien-
3-ol (10.3%). The essential oils exhibited moderate in vitro antibacterial activities
against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella granulomiatis, Staphyllococcus aureus, Proteus
vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which ranges from 10-14 mm. Also, moderate
inhibitions were observed in the in vitro antifungal activities against Penicillin
chrysogenum, Candida albican, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger which ranges from
11-22 mm. The obtained data indicated that the essential oils of the two parts of the
plant could be exploited as antibacterial and fungicidal agents.
Keywords: Syzygium guineense (Wild), cyperene, guaiol, humulane-1,6-dien-3-ol,
essential oil
Research area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
(LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
40
Antimalarial effects on the comparative studies of chemical
constituents identified in the stem, root and fruit peel essential oils of
Citrus paradisi grown in Nigeria
Nureni O. Olawore1, Vinesh J. Maharaj
2, Oluwasayo E. Ogunjinmi
1,2,3*, Taofik
A. Adedosu1, and Akeem A. Aliyu
1
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, South Africa
3Chemistry Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Three parts of Citrus paradisi growing in Nigeria were chosen with the aim of
investigating the chemical composition of the essential oils of the plant and their
antimalarial effects. Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography coupled to Time of Flight
Mass Spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) was used for compositional profiling and an in
vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (CQS) NF54 was used
for malarial screening of the oils. Pulverized plant samples (500 g) were
hydrodistilled using all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus to obtain the essential oils.
The compositional profile of the stem oil revealed the presence of 36 components
(93.28 %). A total of 179 compounds totaling 78.11% was identified in the root oil
while 126 components amounting to 90.51% were detected in the fruit peel oil. The
major components of the stem oil were 2-heptanone (24.18%), 3(Z)-hexen-1-ol
(23.04%), hibaene (12.61%) and naphthalene-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8-dimethyl-2-(1-
methylethyl)-, [2R-(2a,4aa,8aa)] (10.26 %). -cadinol (6.51%) and α-Phellandrene
(6.32%) were detected as the major components in the root oil while -myrcene
(13.08 %), limonene (11.15%), caryophyllene (8.81%) and (2R,5S)-2-methyl-5-(prop-
1-en-2-yl)-2-vinyltetrahydrofuran (8.36%) were the major components in the fruit
peel oil. C. paradisi root oil showed a moderate activity (IC50 =ββ.β g/mL), C.
paradisi stem oil revealed weak activity (IC50 = 48.1 g/mL) while C. paradisi fruit
peel oil has no significant activity against P. falciparum strain. The compositional
pattern of the oils obtained revealed significant qualitative and quantitative
differences and these might have resulted in the observed differences in the
antimalarial activity.
Keywords: Citrus paradisi, Plasmodium falciparum, constituents, hibaene
Research Area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
(LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
41
Determination of amino acid content in fresh Crinum jagus bulb as a
measure of its anti- neurogardiogenic syncope potential
Abiona, Dupe Lydia1, Onawumi Oluwayemi Olanike
2, Oladoye Sunday
Olusegun3
1Department of Chemistry, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
2,3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Crinum jagus belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. It is commonly found in swampy
locations. It is used locally to treat neurocardiogenic syncope and other related brain-
heart diseases. Syncope is essentially a failure of the brain and the cardiovascular
system to adequately communicate and respond to each other. The brain coordinates
body activities via brain chemicals called neurotransmitters which are usually made of
amino acids. This study estimated the amino acid content in Crinum jagus bulb using
ninhydrin colorimetric method, in order to establish its local use in treating
neurocardiogenic syncope. The result of the study revealed that crinum jagus bulb
contains: asparagines; 96.00±1.41 g/g, ornithine; 6.00±0.707 g/g,
alanine;88.50±2.120 g/g, aspartic acid; 94.00±0.707 g/g, cystene;8.50±2.12 g/g,
glutamic acid; 32.00±2.83 g/g, glycine; 14.00±1.41 g/g, histidine;26.00±1.41 g/g,
isoleucine; 18.50±0.707 g/g, leucine; 63.00±1.41 g/g, lysine;22.50±2.12 g/g,
methionine; 10.00±1.41 g/g, phynylalanine; 20.50±0.707 g/g, proline; 14.00±1.41
g/g, pyrrolysine; 25.00±1.41 g/g, serine;11.00±1.41 g/g, threonine; 16.00±1.41
g/g, tyrosine;13.50±0.707 g/g, tryptophan; 93.50±2.12 g/g and valine; 86.00±1.41
g/g. Some of which are brain neurotransmitters and some are biosynthetic precursors
for the brain neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and Gamma
aminobutyric acid (GABA). Therefore, it can be concluded that Crinum jagus bulb
has the potential to cure neurocardiogenic syncope.
Keywords: Crinum jagus, amino acids, neurotransmitters, brain, syncope
Research Area: Analytical Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
(LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
42
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of oil
from two varieties of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers
Aliyu A. Warra,1* Leye J. Babatola
2, Bashir D. Ibrahim
2 and Adedara O.
Adejoju3
1Kebbi State University of Science & Technology, Aliero, Nigeria
2Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji- Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria
3Federal University of Technology, Akure. Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The qualitative determination fatty acids from hexane extract of two varieties of
Cyperus esculentus L. tuber oil using GC-MS analysis revealed the following fatty
acids: palmitic acid, steric acid, Margaric acid, elaidic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid,
behenic acid.and arachidic acid. The results of the fatty acid composition of oil from
the two varieties of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers through GC-MS analysis
indicated their suitability for industrial production of cosmetic products.
Keywords: Tiger nut, tuber oil, GC-MS, fatty acids, cosmetics
Research area: Organic Chemistry/Fats and Oils Technology, Cosmetic Science
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
43
Liquid phase adsorption of Rhodamine-B dye using locust bean pod
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO*, Funmilayo SARUMI, Olasunkanmi Seun LAMEED
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The efficiency of acid modified locust bean pod (ALBP) as low cost adsorbent to remove
Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solution was studied. The morphology, functional
groups and elemental analysis of the adsorbent were investigated by SEM, FTIR and EDX
analytical techniques. Operational parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration
and solution temperature were investigated. The amount of Rh-B dye adsorbed was found to
increase as these operational parameters increased. Kinetic data for Rh-B dye adsorption onto
ALBP were best represented by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The Weber-Morris
diffusion model result showed that intraparticle diffusion is not the rate limiting step. Four
different isotherms namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich
models were used to test the adsorption data. It fitted the Langmuir isotherm model most with
maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1111.1 mgg-1
. Increase in temperature resulted
in a corresponding increase in Rh-B dye adsorbed, suggesting that the adsorption process was
endothermic. ΔG0 values were negative (-3876.96 to -3233.25 J mol
-1), indicating that the
process of Rh-B dye adsorption onto ALBP was spontaneous. The positive value of ΔS0
(40.64 J mol-1
K-1
) suggests that the process of dye adsorption was endothermic. ALBP
adsorbent was found to be both effective and viable for the removal of Rh-B dye from
aqueous solution.
Keywords: Rhodamine-B dye (Rh-B); locust bean pod; isotherm; kinetics; thermodynamics
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry – Adsorption Technology
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
44
Antihyperlipidemic activity of Amaranthus Hybridus leaves on rats fed
with high fat diet
Oladiji A.Temidayo and Asiyanbola E. Olawale*
Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to the
prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia is characterized by
elevated serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density
lipoprotein (VLDL) and decreased high density lipoprotein levels (HDL). Hyperlipidemia-
associated lipid disorders are considered to cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This
study was carried out to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of Amaranthus hybridus
leaves in female albino rats. A total of Thirty (30) animals were used, divided in to six groups
and were induced with Hyperlipidemia using Goat fat namely: A (NC), B (HFD) and C
(STD) and the hyperlipidemic groups D, E & F were treated with Amaranthus hybridus-based
diet (10% GRN, 25% GRN and 50% GRN). The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (good
cholesterol) were found to be high in the rats fed with 10%, 25% & 50% of A. hybridus-
based diets and those of LDL-cholesterol (bad cholesterol) were found to be reduced. The
significant reductions in concentrations of LDL cholesterol observed may be as a result of
antihypercholesterolemic action of the fibre-based diet enhancing the efflux of cholesterol
from the arterial wall by increasing the efficiency of the liver, thereby lowering its
concentrations in the blood. This study suggests that Amaranthus hybridus has
antihyperlipidemic activity when combined with other condiments.
Keywords: Antihyperlipidermia, Amaranthus hybridus, atorvaststin, high fat diet, cholesterol
Research Area: Biochemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
45
Investigation of the chemical constituents of the leaves and stem volatile
oils of Cananga odorata (L.) grown in Nigeria
Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore*, Saidat B. Musediq, Rodiyat O. Amoo and
Oluwaseun O. Akinsipe
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This investigation deals with the determination of the chemical constituents present in the
leaves and stem volatile oils of Cananga odorata (L.) grown in Nigeria. Pulverized leaves
and stem of C. odorata were hydrodistilled using an all glass Clevenger type apparatus and
characterized by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The yields of the leaf
and stem volatile oils were 0.1% and 0.04%, respectively. Both oils were constituted by
sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 49.76% of the leaf oil and 87.90% of the stem oil. The principal
constituents of the leaf oil were: -linalool (23.08%), caryophyllene (22.54%), trans-α-
bergamotene (13.32%), Megastigma-7(E), 9,13- triene (8.40%), humulene (8.01%) and 1R-α-
pinene (7.44%) while the stem oil consisted of (Z,Z)-α-farnesene (48.04%), caryophyllene
(18.37%), trans-α-bergamotene (11.54%) and ocimene (7.00%) as the major constituents. The
results obtained from this study revealed that terpene hydrocarbons predominates the leaves
and stem volatile oils of C. odorata grown in Nigeria.
Keywords: Cananga odorata, hydrodistillation, trans-α-bergamotene, volatile oils
Research Area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
46
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of some
mixed diclofenac potassium and paracetamol metal complexes
Aliyu A. Abdulbasit*1, Joshua A. Obaleye*
1, Olowude Seyi
1, Olalekan W. Salawu
2 and
Bello K. Eneye3
1Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
2Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
3Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
*Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Complexes of Mn2+
, Fe2+
, Co2+
, Ni2+
, Cu2+
and Zn2+
with mixed diclofenac potassium and
paracetamol have been synthesized. The resulting complexes were characterized by melting
point, solubility, conductivity measurement, elemental analyses, UV-Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy
and magnetic susceptibility measurement. Antimicrobial activity of the complexes against
some known bacterial as well as fungal isolates was carried out using the agar - diffusion
technique. The IR spectral data suggested that the ligand-paracetamol acts as a neutral
bidentate ligand coordinated to the metalions via the lone pair of electrons of nitrogen and
carbonyl-O atoms of the amide group. Diclofenac potassium offered the lone pairs of electron
in the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group for coordination as well as the nitrogen atom of
the amine group which is typical of a carboxylic acid derivative. The results of the in-vitro
antibacterial screening revealed an increased activity of the complexes against the bacteria
isolates compared to the free drugs.
Keywords: Paracetamol, divalent metal ion, diclofenac potassium, coordination,
antimicrobial activity
Research Area: Inorganic Chemistry
(a) (b)
Charts showing the antimicrobial activities of the free ligands and some of their complexes at
(a) 200ppm and (b) 400ppm
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
47
Determination of pesticide residues in edible crops and soil from University
of Agriculture, Makurdi Farm
Peter O. Onuwaϯ, Ishaq S. Eneji, Adams U. Itodo and Rufus Sha’Ato
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria ϯCorresponding Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Pesticide residues were extracted from edible crops (Daucus carota, Capsicum Anuum,
Telfairia occidentalis, Solanum lycopersicum, Amaranthus Hybridus, Solanum macrocarpon)
and soils using dispersive solid-phase extraction method. The extracts were analysed using
GC-MS technique. The mean concentration of (mg/kg) pesticides in soil samples were 12.1 ±
0.1, 0.09 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.02, 14.9 ± 0.2 and 5.05 ± 0.2 for butachlor, aldrin, dieldrin,
pendimethalin and propanil, respectively. Pesticides concentration in vegetables ( g/kg) generally ranged from 0.001 ± 0 - 1.64 ± 0.6, the highest value being cypermethrin and the
least alpha-HCH. Their concentrations in each sample ranged in this order; D. carota (1.62 ±
0.01- 0.001 ± 0); C. Anuum (1.63 ± 0.7 - 0.002 ± 0.001); T. occidentalis (1.64 ± 0.6 - 0.001 ±
0.001); S. lycopersicum (0.84 ± 0.7 - 0.002 ± 0.01); A. Hybridus (1.61 ± 0.5 - 0.001 ± 0); S.
macrocarpon (1.62 ± 0.01 - 0.001 ± 0), respectively. Cypermethrin showed the highest
concentration values in all vegetable samples while alpa-HCH has the least. Although all
samples showed values within WHO MRLs for spices, indicating they are transiently safe,
there is need for prolonged seasonal continuous monitoring.
Keywords: Organochloride, residues, safety, sorbents, seasonal, solid phase extraction
Research Area: Analytical/Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
48
Study of combustion characteristics of ethanol-petrol mixture as fuel for a
four-stroke single cylinder S.I. engine
Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle1*
, Godfrey K. Akpomie2, Ikeokwu C. Ogbu
1, Ikedichi O.
Ekpe1
1Materials and Energy Technology Department, Projects Development Institute (PRODA),
P.M.B. 01609, Emene, Enugu, Nigeria 2Chemistry Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of using ethanol-petrol fuels in a typical SI engine’s combustion efficiency, fuel consumption and exhaust emission characteristics were experimentally
investigated. Ethanol addition to petrol as a fuel for a spark ignition (SI) engine was achieved
when mixed at varying percentages up to 30% by volume ethanol, each fuel denoted as Exx,
where xx indicates the percentage by volume concentration of the ethanol in the mixtures.
The problem of phase separation was avoided as a result of using a high purity ethanol
(>99%). A four stroke, single cylinder engine (type TEC-1200MS) was used for conducting
the study. While the combustion efficiency increased with ethanol addition, fuel consumption
(in terms of mass flow rate) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions also increased with ethanol
addition, however, carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emission
decreased with increasing ethanol content. However, nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions were observed not to follow any particular trend
even though they tend to increase with ethanol addition, they perhaps depend on the engine
operating conditions (not investigated in this study) rather than the ethanol concentration. The
E30 fuel gave the best results for all measured parameters excepting UHC which recorded
lowest emission for E20 fuel. Conclusively, there was a very smooth run of the engine
throughout the experiments.
Keywords: Ethanol, petrol, mixture, emission, SI engine
Research Area: Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
49
Comparative assessment of water quality from hand dug wells and stream
around Otukpa Metropolis of Ogbadigbo Local Government of Benue
State-Nigeria
Iorungwa P. D., Iorungwa M. S. and Onoja M. O.* Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi-Nigeria
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The contamination of surface water through human activities has been intensified over the
years. To ascertain the water quality around Otukpa metropolis for human consumption,
water samples were collected from four different locations. A total of thirteen physical and
chemical parameters (pH, colour, turbidity, TDS, TSS, EC, DO, COD, BOD, total hardness,
chloride ion concentration, SO42-
, and iron concentration) were analyzed. The pH of the water
samples ranged from 5.10 to 6.30, colour from (125 to 220) Ptco, turbidity from (1.25 to 15
.08) NTU, TDS from (14 to 395) mg/L, EC from (1662 to 979) uc/cm, TSS from (38 to 51)
mg/L, DO from (05.50 to 6.20) mg/L, COD from (4.20 to7.00) mg/L, BOD from (2.10 to
3.50) mg/L, total hardness from (60 to 120) mg/L, chloride ion concentration is from (35.50
to 212.70) mg/L, sulphate is from (0.00 to 12) mg/L and iron concentration is from (0.12 to
0.19) mg/L. Results revealed that the concentration of some parameters fall below the
acceptable standards, some within the acceptable standards, while others were above the
acceptable standards for drinking water. The implication and ways to circumvent any
deleterious effect has been clearly stated.
Keywords: Water quality, stream, well, Otukpa
Research area: Analytical/Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
50
Batch process degradation of phenol using immobilized activated sludge
bacterial cells
Abduljeleel A. Osunkunle
1,2*, Eldon R. Rene
1, Lens N.L. Piet
1
1Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE Institute for
Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands 2Materials and Energy Technology Department, Projects Development Institute, P.M.B
01609, Emene, Enugu, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Microbial treatment especially bacterial is known to have a number of advantages over other
methods including complete pollutant conversion to innocuous end-products and low-cost,
notwithstanding some shortcomings of microbial inhibition to high phenol concentrations.
This study investigates the utilization of (phenol acclimated) activated sludge bacteria: in
suspension and Ca-alginate immobilized, to degrade phenol in a batch process at 30 oC, pH
7±0.2, 180 rpm and an initial atmospheric O2 in a dark room. Separate and simultaneous
control experiment containing the sterile nutrient media, sterile demineralized water and
sterile/dead microorganisms were also monitored to investigate any abiotic loss of phenol. An
indication of 100% removal efficiency (RE) of phenol was observed within 24 hours for
bacterial cells up to 400 mg/L, while in the same period about 80% RE of 500 mg/L was
observed. The continuation of higher phenol (up to 1500 mg/L) degradation with the bacterial
cells obtained a significant lag phase for biomass growth, phenol degradation and CO2
production at 1000 mg/L phenol while noticeable inhibition was observed at 1500 mg/L.
However, the inhibition at 1500 mg/L phenol was overcome by additional feeding of bacteria
after 5 days of incubation, although with a relatively low RE of 38.46% corresponding to 963
mg/L residual phenol. Nevertheless, alginate-immobilized bacterial cells gave an improved
removal efficiency of 90% for 500 mg/L but achieved in 48 h compared to the suspended
cells with a corresponding lag in CO2 production.
Keywords: phenol, activated sludge, degradation, Ca-alginate, immobilized cells
Research area: Environmental/Chemical Engineering and Technology
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
51
Chemical constituents of Combretum platypetalum leaves and their
medicinal implications
Umoh S. D.
1*, Anyam J. V.
1, Essien E. E.
2, Kaase T. P.
1, Oyekachi G. S.
3,
Offiong N.2, Gav B. L.
1, and Igoli J. O.
1
1Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture,
P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
3Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi-Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Combretum platypetalum is a species of the Combretum genus in the Combretaceae family.
Traditionally it is used in treatment of pneumonia, abdominal pains, diarrhea, dysmenorrhea,
infertility in women, earache, epistaxis, and haemoptysis. Scientific information to justify its
traditional use and other applications is inadequate in literature. The proximate composition
of the pulverized leaves and successive extraction by microwave assisted extraction method
using hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate were carried out. The composition of the ethyl
acetate extract was determined by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and proton
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry after vacuum liquid chromatographic separation.
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis identified linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid,
Hexadecanoic acid and 2, 3-dihydroxylpropylelaidate in C. platypetalum leaves. Proton
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry confirmed the mixture of fatty acids. The
relevance of this finding to the ethnobotany of C. platypetalum has been highlighted from
results of this study.
Keywords: Combretaceae; Combretum platypetalum; fatty acids; Isolation; Characterisation
Research Area: Medicinal/Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
52
Studies on the phytochemical constituents of persea americana leaf
Mutiu O. Amuda* and Theresa. I. Edewor
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
PMB 4000 Ogbomoso, Oyo State - Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The conservation of human’s physical and psychological well-being through traditional
healing has gained tremendous attention in recent time. In this regards, medicinal plant such
as Persea americana have been widely studied due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial,
antibacterial and antipyretic effects as a results of its phytochemical constituents.
Nonetheless, further methodical studies are essential on methanolic extraction of Persea
americana plant for phytochemical analysis. In this study, cold extraction of pulvurized
Persea americana leaves using methanol and the phytochemical screening of the extract are
reported. The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, saponins,
tannins, and alkaloids while steroids and glycosides were absent. The total phenolic content
was determined using folin-ciocatue and gallic acid as standard which revealed 250 µg/g
gallic acid equivalent. The total flavonoid content obtained was 500 µg/g using quercetin as
standard. Interestingly, the anti-oxidant assay of the crude extract showed a high activity of
89.05% at a concentration of 0.05 g/ml.
Keywords: antioxidant, flavonoid, phytochemical, phenolic, extraction
Research Area: Phytochemistry/Biochemistry/Medicinal Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
53
Optimization of process variables by the application of D-Optimal Design
(DOD) for congo red removal using activated carbon prepared from
flamboyant pod back
Latinwo, G.K.1, Oke O. R.
1, Arinkoola A.O.
1, Alade, A.O.
1, 2,3 and Muhammed N.I.
4
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria 2Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4 Biotechnology Engineering Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Corresponding author: * [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to treat wastewater containing Congo red dye using activated
carbon produced from agro wastes (Flamboyant pod back). Simulated wastewater was
prepared by dissolving varying concentrations of Congo red dye in distilled water. The
flamboyant pod back was impregnated with CH3COOH in ratio 1:5 (w/v) and then
carbonization at 300 °C for 60 minutes to produce the activated carbon. The selected factors
[pH range (2 - 10), time (15 – 165 mins), agitation (80 – 200 rpm) and temperature (25 – 47.50
OC)] were optimized for the adsorption of Congo Red dye while the responses selected
for the adsorption study were adsorption capacity and percentage removal. The highest
adsorption capacity for the adsorption of Congo red dye was 9.762 mg/g at pH 6.00, time 75
mins, agitation 80 rpm and temperature 32.50 oC while the lowest adsorption capacity was
6.188 mg/g at pH 6.00, time 165 mins, agitation 160 rpm and temperature 32.50 oC. The
highest and lowest percentage removal efficiencies for Congo red dye were 87.62% and
51.88% respectively. Correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.5868 and Adjusted R
2 (0.3615) are
very close Flamboyant pod back has demonstrated viability of being a suitable precursor for
the production of activated carbon capable of removing Congo Red dye effectively from
wastewater.
Keywords: Adsorption, congo red dye, D-Optimal Design, flamboyant pod, removal
efficiency
Chart showing the relationship between %Removal and contact time
Research Area: Chemical Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
54
Nutritional value and antioxidant properties of most widely consumed
cultivated mushrooms in South East Nigeria
Ukaogo O.P. a
*, Siddhantb, Nnorom I.C
a, Ogbonna N.C
c and
Onyema C. T
d
aDepartment of pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Abia, Nigeria
bDurgesh Nandini Degree College, Faizabad-224123, U. P., India
cDepartment of Plant Science And Biotechnology, Abia State University, Abia, Nigeria
dDepartment of pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
*Corresponding: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Mushrooms contain a multitude of bioactive compound with nutritional value. Among the
bioactive molecules, phenolic compounds are the most responsible for their antioxidant
activity. In the present work Pleurotus tuber-regium, Auricularia auricula-judae and
Lentinus squarrosulus, three edible mushroom species collected from Nigeria, were analyzed
for their nutritional value and antioxidant activity. For macroelement Ca has the higest value
101(mg/kg), Mg has 45.28(mg/kg) in A.auricula and Na lowest with 1.20 (mg/kg) in P.
tuberrgium while microelement Zn has 43.56(mg/kg) in P. tuberrgium and Mn has 0.06
(mg/kg) in L. squarrosulus. Glycosides and Anthraquinones were not present in the three
samples and Alkaloids not present in P. tuberregium. Carbohydrates were the most abundant
macronutrients, followed by proteins and ash. Fructose, mannitol and trehalose were the
prevalent susgars, but glucose was only found in P.tuber-regium. Unsaturated fatty acids
predominated over saturated fatty acids. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were abundant in
the three samples. Oxalic and fumaric acids were quantified in the three samples; quinic acid
was only present in L. squarrosulus, and malic and citric acids were only found in A.
auricula. p-Hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic and cinnamic acids were quantified in all the
species, while p-coumaric acid was only found in P. tuber-regium,. This species and A.
auricula revealed the highest antioxidant properties, being L. squarrosulus more effective in
radicals scavenging activity and reducing power, and A. auricula-judae in lipid peroxidation
inhibition, which is related with the highest amounts in phenolic compounds, respectively.
Keywords: nutritional, Auricularia auricula-judae, antioxidant activity
Research Area: Phytochemistry/Organic & Natural Products Chemistry/Food Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
55
Characterization of biodiesel from composite waste oil, methanol: ethanol
(1:1) mixture with empty oil palm bunch residue and plantain peel residue
extracts
Taiwo, A. G.1,2
, Babarinde, N. A. A.1 and Ibikunle, A. A.
1
1Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University,
Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
2Science Laboratory Technology Department, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ogun State,
Nigeria
Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Energy, environmental security and sustainability with socio-economic and political
challenge of petroleum diesel led to a green and sustainable energy using Biodiesel (B100) is
used in most injection pump engines to reduce global warming. B100 was produced from
composite waste oil, (1:1) methanol: ethanol (1:6) with bio-KOH from empty oil Palm bunch
residue and Plantain peel residue extract catalyzed transesterification reaction at 65oC, 400
rpm for 2 hrs. The chemical properties confirmed using Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infra red (FT-IR), Ultra-violet Spectroscopy
(UV). A total of Thirty (30) fatty acid methyl ethyl esters (FAMEE) were identified by GC-
MS in four (4) samples using retention time and the fragmentation pattern data, includes 1,7-
Nonadiene 4,8-dimethyl, 2-Isopropenyl-5-methylhex-4-enal, Citral, 2,6-Octadienal 3,7-
dimethyl-(E), 6-Octen-1-ol 3,7-dimethyl-(R), 2,6-Octadienal 3,7-dimethyl-(Z), 4-Pentenoic
acid 3,3-dimethyl, 2,4-Heptadiene 2,6-dimethyl, 2,4-Heptadiene 2,4-dimethyl, 11,13-
dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol, 9-Octadecenoic acid(E), Oleic acid, 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-
dihexadecanoate, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, 8-Hexadecenal, 14-methyl-(Z), Hexadecanoic
acid methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 11-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester, 6-Octadecenoic
acid, Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, 9-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester, (E)-9-Octadecanoic
acid ethyl ester, Ethyl Oleate, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-
(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The total
FT-IR peak height ranges from 3365.31 to 721.54 cm-1
and the total UV wavelength ranges
from 886.00 to 204.00 nm with Absorbance range of 1.539-0.004 respectively. Although
B100 shows the presence of saturated and unsaturated FAMEEs which are not economical
but are good compliment and substitute to petroleum diesel.
Keywords: Composite waste oil, methanol: ethanol, empty oil Palm bunch residue, plantain
peel residue and sustainable energy
Research Area: Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
56
Insights into the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye using rice husks
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO*, Olamide Joshua ADIGUN, Jeremiah Abiodun OJO
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
E-mail corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Rice husks (RH), the outermost layer of paddy grain that is separated from rice grains during
the milling process presents serious environmental problem during disposal. RH was
converted to a valuable adsorbent and used in adsorbing Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from
aqueous solution. RH was characterized using Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier
Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), pH point of zero charge
(pHpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT) techniques respectively. Different operational parameters
such as contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature affecting the adsorption
process were carefully studied in batch process. Adsorption data were tested using four
different isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The
adsorption of Rh-B dye on RH was found to correlate most with Langmuir isotherm model
with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 555.6 mg g-1
. Out of the four kinetic
models tested, pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best correlation for the
experimental data examined. The mechanism of adsorption of Rh-B on RH was governed by
both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion models. Thermodynamic parameters revealed
that the process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible. The activation energy, Ea revealed
that the adsorption followed chemisorption process. This study promotes a sustainable
innovative use of RH as adsorbent for the removal of RhB dye from aqueous solutions.
Keywords: Adsorption; Rhodamine B; rice husk; kinetics; thermodynamics
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry – Adsorption Technology
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
57
Adsorption of metylene blue from aqueous solution using acetylated
expanded polystyrene
Taiwo, Oluwayemisi Christianah1,2*
, Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3
and Ogunleye,
Oladipupo Olaosebikan1,2,3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria 2Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria 3Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University Technology,
Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Expanded Polystyrene is non-biodegradable and therefore litters and persist in the
environment after used and disposal. This research is aimed at recycling used expanded
polystyrene (UEPS) into effective adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from
aqueous solution. UEPS was activated with acetic acid and the activation was optimized
using D-optimal Design under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the Design Expert
(10.0.1.0) software. The conditions selected for the optimizing the activation process were
concentration of the acid (2.074-4.15 mol/dm3), impregnation ratio (0.5-1.5g/ml), microwave
frequency (300-600Hz) and contact time (60-90min). The optimum activation conditions was
2.074mol/dm3 of acetic acid, impregnation ratio of (1.13g UEPS: 100ml acid solution),
contact time (90min) and Microwave Frequency (300Hz). The optimum Removal Efficiency
and Adsorption Capacity were 82.689% and 0.827mg/g. The Correlation Coefficient (R2) for
the graph is 0.9935. Activated UEPS has a high removal efficiency, adsorption capacity and
the value of R2 is approximately is 1. Consequentially, Activated UEPS is an effective
adsorbent for the removal of MB from its aqueous solution.
Keywords: Activation, adsorption, D-Optimal Design, used expanded polystyrene,
methylene blue and optimization
Research Area: Chemical Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
58
In-vitro antimicrobial properties of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts
Moses I. J., *Gav B. L., Ijeoma A. O., Umoh S. D. and Tor P. N.
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Benue State,
Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Chromolaena odorata is a species of Asteraceae family traditionally used for the treatment of
bacterial related diseases. The leaf was identified, collected, air dried, pulverized and
extracted with hexane, acetone and water successively. Its phytochemical constituents and
antimicrobial properties were determined by standard procedures for all extracts. The results
indicated the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and phenols in the
leaves of C. odorata. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Multi Drugs Resistant
Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Candida albicans showed sensitivity with spectrum of inhibitory activity range of 10.00
mm to 34.00 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration was observed at 33.33 mg/mL, 3.70
mg/mL and 0.89 mg/mL respectively for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Multi
Drugs Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, on aqueous, acetone and hexane extract
respectively while the Minimum and Maximum Bactericidal/Fungicidal concentration was
observed at 11.11 mg/mL, 33.33 mg/mL and 2.60 mg/mL concentration respectively for
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Multi Drugs Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia,
Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans
for aqueous, acetone and hexane extracts respectively. The activities displayed by the extracts
can be attributed to the phytoconstituents. The results of this study justify its traditional use.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, phytochemical, Chromolaena odorata, bactericidal/fungicidal.
Research Area: Medicinal/Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
59
Biosorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using micro-wave
induced chemical modified Tithonia Diversyfolia (sunflower) xylem
Ojo, Oyeniyi Sunday1,2*
, Alade, Abass Olarenwaju1,2,3
, Salam, Kazeem Kolapo1,2
, and
Jameel, Ahmad Tariq4
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of
Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
4Biotechnonlogy Engineering Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
*corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Methylene blue dye is an important contaminant in surface and groundwater and its removal
from contaminated water and wastewater has received interest in recent years. Effective
adsorbent was produced from Sunflower (tithonia diversyfolia) for the removal of Methylene
Blue from aqueous solution in this study. Dried and grounded sunflower (Tithonia
diversyfolia) xylem was chemically modified using Acetic Acid. The activation optimized
using D-optimal Design under Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Design Expert (7.0.1)
software. The factors considered were impregnation ratio (0.5-1.0 w/v), Micro-wave time
(15-25 min), Acid Concentration (3-5 moldm-3
) and micro-wave frequency (300- 450 Hz).
The design generated 25 experimental runs at random and was conducted in triplicate, while
the selected response was for methylene blue adsorption. The best suited result is Run 19,
with the impregnation ratio (IMR) 0.75, concentration 5 moldm-3
, microwave frequency 375
Hz, microwave time 20 min with biosorption capacity of 0.88 mg/l and the removal
efficiency is 88%, while the least was run 22, with the impregnation ratio (IMR) 0.5,
concentration 3 moldm-3
, microwave frequency 300 Hz, microwave time 25 min with
biosorption capacity of 0.815 mg/l, and the removal efficiency is 81.5%. This study has
shown that biosorbent developed from thitonia diversyfolia xylem is an effective and
promise adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution.
Keywords: Adsorption, Central Composite Design, Methylene Blue, Optimization, tithonia
diversyfolia
Research Area: Chemical Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
60
Spectrophotometric determination of the stoichiometry, stability constants
and Gibbs free energy of the complexes of N, N’-bis (Indole-3-ylmethylene)
hydrazine with some selected metal(II) ions
Morenike I. Dada1, Muslim Abdullateef
1, Adedayo J. Apara
1, Samuel B. Akanji
1,
Ayotunde D. Ajakaye1 Oluwafunmilayo F. Adekunle
1* and Olusegun A. Odunola
2
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B.4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, Hallmark University, Ijebu-Itele, Ogun State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The determination of stoichiometry and thermodynamic parameters of complexes using
spectrophotometric and potentiometric data has been a challenge even though this method
proposes new route for the selective and sensitized determination of trace amounts of ions.
The method which is based on the formation of coloured complexes have been successfully
applied to the analysis of commercial ampoules etc. Complexation of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II),
Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with N,N’-bis(Indole-3-ylmethylene)hydrazine in
dimethylformamide (DMF) was studied spectrophotometrically using Job’s method of continuous variation and mole-ratio method at room temperature (28
oC). The absorption
maximum of 218 nm, 296 nm, 678 nm, 299 nm, 409 nm and 640 nm respectively was
observed for the Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The
stoichiometry, stability constants and Gibbs free energy of the complexes were determined.
The stoichiometry of the complexes were determined to be 1: 1 mole ratio from the two
methods employed. The stability constants of the complexes were calculated to be 7.22 x 104
– 6.45 x 105 by continuous variation method and 7.30 x 10
3 – 7.03 x 10
7 by the mole-ratio
method. The sufficiently large negative values of the calculated ∆G of the complexes from -28.00 – - γγ.48 KJ/mol by Job’s method and -22.26 – -45.21KJ/mol by the mole-ratio method
confirm the spontaneous formation of the title complexes. Therefore, the overall result of the
stability constant comply with the Irving-William series of stability constants of metal
complexes and also the ∆G established the spontaneity in the formation of the complexes.
Keyword: spectrophotometric, Gibbs free energy, spontaneous, mole-ratio, hydrazine
Research Area: Inorganic Chemistry/ Coordination Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
61
Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using phosphoric acid
modified kaolinite clay
Ibrahim, Saheed Aremu*1,2
; Alade, Abass Olanrewaju1,2,3
; and Salawudeen, Taofeek
Olalekan1,2
and Amuda, Omotayo Sarafadeen4
1Department of Chemical Engineering, LadokeAkintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 2
Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, LadokeAkintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 3
Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria 4Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Increased industrial and agricultural activities have resulted in the generation of various types
of toxic pollutants, which are the main cause of water pollution on a global scale. Among
various adsorbent that have been explored for the removal of diverse types of pollutants from
water and wastewater, kaolinite clay has received wide attention as an effective adsorbent for
water pollution control, showing significant adsorption potential for the removal of various
aquatic pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the adsorption capacity of phosphoric acid
modified kaolinite clay on methylene blue removal from aqueous solution. The removal of
methylene blue by adsorption process using phosphoric acid modified kaolinite clay was
investigated at various experimental conditions under Response Surface Methodology. The
optimum operation condition was estimated to enhance the adsorption of methylene blue
from aqueous solution. To determine the optimum operation conditions, various factors such
as agitation speed (170-250 rpm), contact time (1-5hr) and initial concentration (1-5M) for
the modification of kaolinite clay through DOE (Design of experiment 6.0.8) software under
response surface methodology based on Central Composite Design was applied for
optimization. The optimum operation conditions for adsorption of the methylene blue was
investigated to be 250 rpm for agitation, rate for 5hours and initial concentration of 5M and
the maximum adsorption capacity was 0.911 mg/g and the maximum percentage removal was
91.207 %. Based on the optimum factors, it was confirmed that the modified kaolinite clay is
a suitable adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution.
Keywords: Adsorption, central composite design, kaolinite clay, methylene blue and
optimization
Research Area: Chemical Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
62
Biosorption studies of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater using
chicken feather biocomposite
Adeyi, V.A.1,2
, Agarry S.E.1, Jimoh, M.O.
1, Salawudeen, T.O.
1,2, Alade, A.O.
1,2,3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Science and Engineering Research Group, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental, Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Correspondence: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Removal efficiency of methylene blue was investigated in this study using chicken feather as
an adsorbent. Chicken feather was used as a biocomposite by combining different types of
feathers from broilers, cockerel and layers respectively. The percentage composition of the
feathertypes were optimized using the Mixture Methodology of the Design Expert
(6.0.8)software. The experimental runs generated for bio sorption of methylene blue with the
Chicken Feather Biocomposite developed were conducted in triplicates. The highest removal
efficiency (94.54%) was obtained from the mix of feathers in the ratio of 5:5:90 while the
lowest removal efficiency (92.42%) was gotten from the mix of feathers in thepercentage
ratio of 19.17:61.67:19.17 for broilers, cockerel and layers respectively. The coefficient of
determination (R2) of the linear model gotten from the data was 0.7705, Adjusted R
2
was0.7195 while the Predicted R2 gave 0.5214.The results gotten from the study showed that
mixtures of feathers in small quantities are effective in the removal of methylene blue.
Keywords: Biosorption, chicken feather, methylene blue, removal efficiency
Area of Research: Chemical Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
63
Physico-chemical Assessment of some bottled and sachet water in
Ogbomoso Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria
Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUMI, Opeyemi Ojo FATUNBI*, Adesewa Kemi
ADELAKUN, Suliat Omolola RUFAI, Olusegun Joshua ADEYEMI
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Physico-chemical analyses of five (5) different brands of bottled water and five (5) different
brands of sachet water packaged within Ogbomoso metropolis were evaluated. The
organoleptic parameters such as colour, odour, taste and the turbidity were analyzed by
physical observation. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, Total
Suspended solids (TSS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total solids (TS) and Hardness were
analyzed using standard analytical methods. The water samples were found to be colorless,
odourless, tasteless and also not turbid. The temperature ranged from 27oC - 31
oC and also
the pH ranged from 6.4 - 6.7. The hardness also ranged from 5.34-14.02 ppm. TS, TDS and
TSS ranged from 0-300 mg/L. The results of TS, TDS, TSS and Hardness for all the water
samples were below the WHO/SON permissible limits. Two of the brands had a pH (6.4)
below the WHO/SON (6.5) permissible limits. However, close monitoring of the physico-
chemical parameters of sampled bottled and sachet water packaged within Ogbomoso
metropolis is recommended with a view to minimizing the risks to the health of the
population that consumes the water.
Keywords: Bottled water, Sachet water, Physico-chemical, Organoleptic, Ogbomoso
Field of Research: Analytical Chemistry-Water Analysis
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
64
Achieving industrialization goals through effective chemical process
development
Victor E. Okon1, Emmanuel J. Etim
2*
1Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo. P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
2Petroleum Training Institute of Nigeria affiliated with City and Guilds of London
International, College of Petroleum Technology, Uyo, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Most processes in chemical industry are primarily based on the knowledge from the fields of
science, technology and engineering. Good management practices must be employed for
sustainability of the chemical industry. For effectiveness to be attained there must be a proper
correlation in process reactions and materials balancing. This paper present review of
optimization of methods for efficient processing of naphtha and related petrochemical
products for sustainable development of the industry. Suggestions for improvements are also
highlighted.
Keywords: Chemical process development, industries, cracking
Research Area: Industrial/Petroleum Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
65
Kinetic modelling and adsorption properties of Moringa oleifera leaf used
for removing Rhodamine B dye
Olugbenga Solomon BELLO, Leonard Titilope AZU* Olatubosun Kazeem IBRAHIM
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Readily available Moringa oleifera leaf was treated with ortho phosphoric acid, H3PO4 to
prepare adsorbent (MOLAC) for the removal of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous
solution. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), pHpzc and
Boehm Titration techniques respectively. Adsorption of Rh-B dye onto MOLAC was studied
in batch process, it was found to be highly dependent on different operational parameters
such as contact time, initial dye concentration and solution temperature. Adsorption data were
analysed using four different isotherm equations: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and
Dubinin-Radushkevich, it was found to fit Langmuir isotherm equation most with maximum
monolayer coverage of 500 mg/g. Adsorption rate constants were determined using pseudo-
first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption
of Rh-B dye onto MOLAC followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic
parameters were determined; it was found that the adsorption of Rh- B dye onto MOLAC
was spontaneous and exothermic. The study revealed that MOLAC is a good precursor for
the preparation of adsorbent for the removal of Rh-B dye from aqueous solutions.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera leaf, Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye, kinetics, thermodynamics
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry, (Adsorption Technology)
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
66
Optimization of Rhodamine-B biosorption from waste-water unto Tithomia
diversyfolia xylem using central composite design
Okunade Inioluwa Deborah1,2*
, Afolabi Tinuade Jolade2,3
, Alade Abass Olanrewaju2,3
,
Osuolale Funmilayo Nihinlola3, Olatunji Yinka Emmanuel
2,3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
2Separation, Water and Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Unit, Ladoke Akintola
University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is to optimize the influence of time, concentration and dosage on the
adsorption capacity of biosorbent developed from sunflower (tithomia diversyfolia) xylem for
the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution. The sunflower plant is a weed that has
not been well harnessed and so it constitutes nuisance. Central Composite design under
Response Surface Method was used to optimize the selected factors (10-30mg/L Rhodamine-
B solution, 0.25-0.75g biosorbent and 15-24 hours).Measured amounts of the biosorbent were
mixed with 100ml containing different concentration of Rhodamine-B and were allowed to
mix for selected contact time. The unadsorbed concentrations were then quantified using UV-
Visible spectrophotometry and the adsorption capacity was calculated. The maximum
adsorption capacity (82.5mg/g) was obtained at Initial concentration 30mg/L, Time 19.5
hours and adsorbent dose 0.25g while the minimum adsorption capacity (12.5mg/g)was
obtained at Initial concentration 20mg/L, Time 19.5 hours and adsorbent dose 0.25g. The
correlation coefficient (R²) of the model developed is 0.9562 and it is in a reasonable
agreement with the adjusted R² of 0.9000.This study shows that the biosorbent developed
from the sunflower xylem is an effective adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine-B and the
central composite design was a good choice for the experimental design.
Keywords: Biosorption, optimization, Rhodamine-B, sunflower xylem, water treatment
Research Area: Chemical Engineering
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
67
Phytochemical constituents and fatty acid profile of ethyl acetate and
hexane extracts of Luffa cylindrica seed
Ezekiel G. ADEYENI, Ezekiel T. AYODELE and Taofik A. ADEDOSU*
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Luffa cylindrica locally known as ‘Kankan Ayaba’ in Southwestern part of Nigeria is one of the important medicinal plants of the family of Cucurbitaceae, used for the treatment of
various diseases e.g. cancer, ulcer, diarrhea etc. The present study deals with the analysis of
phytochemical constituents and fatty acid profile of Luffa cylindrica seed in order to evaluate
its desirability for drug formulation and industrial raw materials. The phytochemical
constituents both in hexane and ethylacetate extracts were determined using standard method
and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profile were studied by GC-FID. Alkaloids (1.030
mg/g ), flavonoids (0.9533 mg/g ), phenolics (0.4133 mg/g ), tannins
(0.160 mg/g ) and saponins (0.233g mg/g ) and anthraquinones were present in
both extracts while reducing sugar and phlobatanins were absent. The UV absorptions
between 200nm - 300 nm and IR peaks observed at 3806.40 cm-1
, 3487.20 cm-1
, 3341.60 cm-
1, 3018.40 cm
-1, 1748.80 cm
-1,1664.80 cm
-1, 1460.00 cm
-1, 1374.40 cm
-1 supported the
presence of these phytoconstituents and FAMEs. Nine (9) fatty acids methyl esters were
identified in the extracts namely, caproic acid methyl esters, caprylic acid methyl esters,
lauric acid methyl esters, palmitic acid methyl esters, linolelaidic acid methyl esters, linoleic
acid methyl esters, stearic acid methyl esters, arachidic acid methyl esters and heneicosanoic
acid methyl esters. These results showed that Luffa cylindrica seed have potential for both
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Also, FAMES profile showed that the oil could be a
feedstock in the production of biodiesel and industrial chemicals.
Keywords: Phytochemical constituents, GC-FID, FAMEs, Biodiesel
Research Area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
68
Urea and thiourea metal complexes: solvent free synthesis and its
antimicrobial activity
Lawal, Amudat1, Nnabuike, G. Ginikachukwu
1, Obaleye J. Ayoola
1, Lawal, Misitura
2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria
2Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of science & Technology,
Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria
Correspondence: Lawal Amudat; N. G. Ginikachukwu ([email protected])
ABSTRACT
Solvent-based synthesis as well as Liquid Assisted Grinding (LAG) synthesis of urea and
thiourea complexes is described for comparison purpose. The resulting complexes of both
method of synthesis were characterized using melting points, conductivity values,
spectroscopic data (IR, UV-Visible) and antibacterial activity study. Spectral data of the
complexes synthesized by LAG method was found to be similar to those synthesized by
conventional synthesis. All the ligands were found to be monodentate and all the complexes
exhibited tetrahedral and square-planar geometry.The LAG method was carried out by
introducing a few drops of solvent. The method is faster with a better yield compared to
solvent-based method. The antimicrobial study of the ligands and the complexes was carried
out against Gram-positive (Staphylococus aureus and Bacilius subtilis) and Gram-negative
bacteria (Eschericia. coli). The antibacterial activity study of the complexes showed that they
possessed higher inhibitory activity than their parent ligands at concentration of 200 µgml-1
.
Keywords: Urea, thiourea, transition metals, antibacterail activity, spectroscopic studies
Research Area: Inorganic Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
69
Evaluation of petroleum source-rock potential of Fika Formation Tuma-1
Well Chad Basin Nigeria
Badmus, S.O. 1
, Tiamiyu, A. A. 1
, Olasunkanmi, A.O. 1
, Ogungbesan, G.O.2
and
Adedosu, T.A.1,*
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown that Fika formation shale has required amount of organic matter
which qualifies her to be a good candidate of hydrocarbon generation in Nigerian inland
basins e.g. Benue trough and Chad (Bornu) basin. The present study is therefore aimed at
determining the kerogen type and thermal maturity of Fika shale (Tuma-1 well) using
biomarker composition of soluble organic matter (SOM) contained in the samples. The
biomarker distribution in the samples was studied by Gas chromatography- Mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The n-alkane ranged from nC12- nC32 in most samples
maximizing at nC20 which suggested that the organic matter are mainly derived from algae.
The Pr/Ph (0.40-1.12) ratio showed that the organic matter was deposited under anoxic
condition, however, Pr/Ph ratio (slightly >1) at depth of 1100 m to 1280 m probably indicated
suboxic. The plot of Ph/nC18 vs Pr/nC17 indicated the organic matter was derived from Type
II/III and Type III kerogen capable of generating oil and gas. The plots of C3122R
homohopane/ C30 hopane vs Pr/Ph ratio and ternary plot of sterane (C27-C29) showed that the
organic matter was deposited in lacustrine to marine environment. Various maturity
parameters computed from biomarker distribution showed that the samples were low mature
to early oil window. Fika shale has ability to generate hydrocarbon with oil kitchen at the
bottom of the formation (2285 m to 2566 m) and can therefore serve as petroleum source-
rock in the Chad (Bornu) basin, Nigeria.
Keywords: Tuma, GC-MS, Kerogen, Hydrocarbon
Research Area: Organic Chemistry/Petroleum Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
70
Purification of used vegetable oil using maize cob
Oluwayemi Olanike ONAWUNMI, Sandra Osemudiamen OHENHENLEN, Olubunmi
ADERIBEGBE, Maryam SONAIKE
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Vegetable oils are mostly discarded as a result of colour change and attendant health problem
associated with continued usage. This study is aimed at using maize cob as adsorbent to
purify used vegetable oil. Maize cobs were crushed into powder and screened to produce fine
particles. The used vegetable oil was heated at high temperature, powdered maize cob was
added to the used vegetable oil and heated at a temperature of 60oC in ratio 1 to 5. The
solution was left for 24 hours and filtered using a suction apparatus at 15 mmHg.
Physicochemical analyses were carried out on the fresh oil, used vegetable oil and adsorbent
treated oils. The following parameters were determined: saponification value, acid value, free
fatty acid, iodine value, peroxide value, refractive index, colour, specific gravity and
determination of heavy metals. The study showed that the physicochemical properties of the
purified oil was in close agreement to the physicochemical properties of the fresh oil and a
significant difference was observed between purified and used oil. This study proved that
maize cob could be used as an effective adsorbent for the purification of used vegetable oil.
Keywords: maize cob, physicochemical properties, used vegetable oil, purification
Field of Research: Analytical Chemistry (Food Analysis)
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
71
Analyses of the leaf oil of Euginea malaccensis and Syzygium samaragense
grown in Nigeria
Akeem A. Aliyu, Nureni O. Olawore*, Fatima O. Adeniji and Zinat A. Adewole
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The analyses of the volatile constituents of the leaf oils of Euginea malaccensis and Syzygium
samaragense grown in Nigeria were investigated for their chemical constituents. Pulverized
leaves (500 g) were hydrodistilled using an all Clevenger-type apparatus. The leaf oils were
analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The leaf oils were
predominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, 56.81% for E. malaccensis and 73.36% for S.
samaragense. The leaf oil of E. malaccensis contained IR-α-pinene (15.14%), -pinene
(9.37%), -terpinene (6.47%), caryophyllene (6.09%), (-)-limonene (5.98%), o-cymene
(5.75%) and L-terpinen-4-ol (5.02%) as major components. The leaf oil of S. samaragense
consisted of L- -pinene (12.42%), E- -ocimene (8.64%), -terpinene (8.64%), IR-α-pinene
(7.00%), L-limonene (6.94%), p-cymene (6.78%) and caryophyllene (5.00%). The chemical
constituents of both oils revealed high contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons.
Keywords: Euginea malaccensis, Syzygium samaragense, -terpinene, essential oil
Research Area: Organic Chemistry/Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
72
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of mixed metal
complexes of isoniazid and thiamine HCl
Misitura Lawal *1, Joshua A. Obaleye
2, Ginika G. Nnabuike
2, Mercy O. Bamigboye
3
and Abigeal O. Arowosaiye2
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and
Technology, P.M.B 1144 Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
3Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Four series of novel mixed ligand complexes of isoniazid and thiamine hydrochloride were
prepared using Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Mn (II) ions. The complexes were elucidated by
conductance measurement, melting point, infrared measurement, elemental analysis, TLC
and UV-visible spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the metal complexes and the
ligands were investigated against some clinical isolates of Eschericha Coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Pseudomonas Aureginosa and Stapylococcus aureus. Based on the analytical
and spectral data, the complexes were formulated as [Isoniazid – M – Thiamine (H2O)n]+Cl
-
where n=2 for Co (II), Ni (II), Cu(II) and Mn(II). The result of the spectroscopic studies
revealed that isoniazid act as bidentate ligand coordinating through the ON and thiamine HCl
acting as a monovalent monodentate coordinating via the OS fashion. The results of the
antimicrobial studies showed that the metal complexes displayed higher inhibitory activity
than the original isoniazid and thiamine hydrochloride against the tested bacteria species.
Keywords: Isoniazid, Thiamine, metal-complexes, synthesis, antimicrobial activity
Area of Research: Inorganic Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
73
Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modeling of adsorption of
rhodamine B onto bentonite supported zerovalent iron nanocomposite (B-
nZVI)
Adewumi O. DADA1, Adesewa D. ILESANMI
1*, Folahan A. ADEKOLA
2, Olugbenga S.
BELLO3, Adejumoke A. INYINBOR
1, Oluwasesan M. BELLO
4
1Industrial Chemistry Programme, Department of Physical Sciences (Science and Technology
Research Cluster), Landmark University, P.M.B.1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria 2Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ladoke
Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 4Department of Applied Chemistry, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, Nigeria
*Correspondence: [email protected] & [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Bentonite Supported Zerovalent Iron Nanocomposite (B-nZVI) was successfully prepared in
single pot system by bottom-up approach. B-nZVI was characterized by Scanning Electron
microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX),
and Surface Area by Saer’s method. Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modelling of Rhodamine onto Bentonite Supported Zerovalent Iron Nanocomposite (B-nZVI) was
investigated in a batch process. The study revealed adsorption depends on various operational
properties (effect of pH, initial concentration, contact time and temperature).
Advantageously, 454.81 mg/g quantity of Rhodamine B was adsorbed at optimum conditions
of pH γ, 500 mg/L initial concentration, 1β0 minutes’ optimum contact time at room temperature. Kinetic data were subjected to kinetics and mechanism models (Pseudo second,
Pseudo first, Elovich, Intraparticle diffusion and Liquid film diffusion). Kinetic data fitted
best to pseudo second order and the mechanism was boundary layer and diffusion governed.
The kinetic models were further validated by statistical error models (SSE and X2).
Equilibrium data were analyzed by four isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and
DKR) and were best described by Freundlich model considering coefficient of regression
(R2> 0.90). The thermodynamic parameters vis-à-vis standard enthalpy change (ΔH),
standard entropy change (ΔS) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) revealed that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The performance of B-nZVI
suggested it to have a great potential for effective removal of Rhodamine B and therefore
recommended for industrial application.
Keywords: Nano-Chemistry, adsorption; rhodamine B; B-nZVI; kinetics; thermodynamics
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry/Nanotechnology/Material Chemistry - Adsorption
Technology
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
74
Assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in
Kidney Island and Oginigba River water bodies, Rivers State –Nigeria
Joseph Edose Uwadiale*, Samuel E. Kakulu,
Mary Saleh Dauda
Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to ascertain the level of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAHs) pollution in river water body of Kidney Island and Oginigba Rivers State Nigeria,
with emphasis on the 16 USEPA – prioritized Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).
PAHs are fused conjugated aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatom (substituents).
PAHs are usually formed as a result of incomplete combustion of fossil hydrocarbon fuels.
PAHs pollution are mostly anthropogenic and occur from point sources emissions such as
those from exhausts, stationary generator set and leaking pipes or tanks. Non-point source of
PAHs pollution can result from atmospheric deposition from mobile vehicles such as
automobile, airplane, train e.t.c. PAHs toxicity occur as a result of biotransformation to toxic
metabolites which can bond covalently to cellular macromolecules such as protein, DNA,
RNA resulting cells damage, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. PAHs in the recipient water
bodies were analyzed using Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) 5890 series
equipped with Flame Ionization Detector and by adoption of ASTM Method D 3328-78
(1982). Liquid-Liquid extraction was carried out using 1:1 ratio of acetone and methylene
chloride, while ortho-terphenyl (OTP) was used to spike the samples; after which the samples
were fractionated into the aliphatic fraction using dichloromethane. Result of the analysis
showed that Kidney Island Downstream river water had the highest level of PAHs pollution
(0.21 mg/L). Kidney Island Upstream had PAHs level of 0.17 mg/L, while Kidney Island
Effluent had PAHs level of 0.11 mg/L, Oginigba River water downstream and Oginigba
River water upstream had PAHs levels of 0.04 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively.
Keywords: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Pollution, Point Source, Kidney Island,
Oginigba
Research Area: Analytical Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
75
Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of the stem
and leaves of Moringa oleifera
Nureni O. Olawore1*, Sunday Z. Ololade
2, Zacchaeus O. Olatunde
1 and Johnson O.
Oyelese1
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Department of Chemical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research was aimed at investigating the chemical composition and biological activities
of the stem and leaf essential oils of Moringa oleifera. The essential oils were extracted by
hydrodistillation using an all glass Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by Gas
Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectometry (GC-MS). The free radical scavenging
activities of both oils were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method.
Antibacterial activities of the stem and leaf essential oils of M. oleifera were carried out using
Agar well diffusion method. Analysis of the stem oil revealed presence of twelve (12)
compounds totaling 99.40% while sixteen (16) components were detected in the leaf oil
totaling 98.50%. The main components common to both the stem oil and the leaf oil were 2-
pentanethiol (44.3 and 30.9 %), oleic acid (22.6 and 17.6 %) and allyl pentanoate (12.3 and
9.1 %) respectively. The stem oil and the leaf oil of M. oleifera showed significant DPPH
radical scavenging activities with IC50 of 5.0µg/ml and 4.0µg/ml respectively. The leaf oil
exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, while the essential oil of the stem, was only active
against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The
results from this study support the folkloric use of this plant as antioxidant and antimicrobial
agent.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, essential oil, hydrodistillation, biological activities
Research Area: Organic/Natural Products Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
76
Assessment of the levels of pesticide residues and heavy metals present in
topsoil samples from Wazobia market, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Ojeyemi Matthew OLABEMIWO, Samuel Oluwakayode AJAYI, Babawale Emmanuel
ABIOLA*
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Soil possesses many active sites capable of retaining pesticides and other residues like heavy
metals. This study assessed the levels of pesticide residues and the impact of vehicular
emission on heavy metals concentration in Wazobia market topsoil. The soil samples were
collected at five different spots during the dry (February and March) and rainy (June and
July) seasons in year 2015 while the control was taken behind Faculty of Sciences building in
LAUTECH, Ogbomoso. The samples were extracted in a sohxlet extractor using a mixture of
acetone and n-hexane (3:2). The extracts were then subjected to GC-ECD to determine
pesticides concentration. Soil Samples were digested with HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4 mixture and
digests were analysed for heavy metals using AAS. The pesticides detected in Wazobia
market are seventeen but only alpha-BHC, beta-BHC, gamma-BHC, methoxychlor and
endosulfan sulfate were found to be above the maximum permissible limits during the
sampling period. The levels of the pesticides were higher during the dry season than in the
rainy season except dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide which were a little bit higher during the
rainy season. The trend of metals based on average concentration during the month of
February, March, June, July were Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Co, Zn > P b> Cu > Ni > Cd >
Co, Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd > Co and Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd > Co respectively. The
degree of contamination based on contamination factor showed that the soil can be classified
as considerably contaminated and the pollution load index obtained indicated that the soils
were polluted. This study therefore ascertained that Wazobia market topsoil was polluted
with heavy metals and pesticides.
Keywords: Pesticides, heavy metals, Wazobia, GC-ECD and AAS
Field of Research: Industrial/Environmental Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
77
A review of supra-molecular structure of Mn (II) complexes with O/N
donor ligands of triazine and 6,6′-dicarboxylicacid-2,2′-bipyridine:
adsorptive, non-linear optical and magnetic properties
Ibrahim A. Omotayo1*
, Odunola O. Ayobami1, Onawumi O. O. Esther
1, Okon-Akan,
O. Abiodun1, Youfu Zhou
2, Feilong Jiang
2, Maochun Hong
2
1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 2Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Fuzhou 350002, China
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The supramolecular chemistry has progressively increased with the synthesis and
characterization of numerous unique supramolecules. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), self-
assembled from metal ions or metal clusters with O/N donor organic ligands such as 3-(2-
pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonate(H2pdtd) and 6,6′-dicarboxylicacid-β,β′-
bipyridine(Hdcbp), are well known for their intriguing structure, permanent porosity, and tunable
properties and have shown great prospect for various applications such as unusual sensing,
magnetic, non-linear optical (NLO), catalytic and gas sorption properties. The present review
highlight recent significant examples of metal clusters and provide a review on the structure of
metal cluster-based MOFs and their applications such as CO2 adsorption, non-linear optics,
magnetic, catalysis and sensing metal ions. This review focuses on self-assembly of two MOFs
([ Mn2(pdtd)2(H2O)4] · 7H2O)n (1) and ([Mn(dcbp)(H2O)3] · 2.5H2O)n (2) with an acentric
three dimensional (3D) structures, crystallizing in the Pc and Fdd2 space groups respectively.
1 and 2 exhibited nonlinear optical (NLO) activities due to an acentric structures, they
displayed second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency that is approximately 1.2 times and 1
time that of KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) respectively. MOF 1 displayed
significant carbon dioxide sorption due to a large and rare noninterpenetrating (10, 3)-d
framework with permanent nanoscale helical cavities for enhancing the CO2 adsorption. 1
and 2 exhibited magnetic coupling and showed remarkable thermal stability. This report will
assist to design and synthesize similar MOFs having properties such as magnetic, non-linear
optical (NLO) and adsorptive properties that can be explored in the cleaning of heavy metals-
polluted environment.
Keywords: Manganese, nonlinear optics, magnetic coupling, carbon dioxide adsorption
(1) (2)
Supra-molecular structures of (1) and (2)
Research Area: Inorganic/Analytical Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
78
Assessment of Cu (II) complexes of anti-bacterial drug of citric-
amodiaquine acid: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and its
applications
Amudat A. Lawal*, Seyi Olowude*, Joshua A. Obaleye, Abiodun A. Ajibola and Aliyu
A. Abdulbasit
Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
*Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Reaction of citric acid and Amodiaquine has been synthesized using Cu(II) chloride
hexahydrate. The complex were characterized by elemental analysis (CHNS/O), melting
point, conductivity test, magnetic susceptibility measurement, Uv-visible and Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy. Analytical and spectroscopic techniques of the metal
complex revealed the carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl group (OH) present in citric acid ligand
has been involved in complexation i.e., citric acid ligand behaves has polydentate and
amodiaquine behaves has bidentate ligand coordinating through the nitrogen atom of primary
amine and oxygen atom of hydroxyl group. Percentage composition and magnetic Bohr
moment data indicated that metal complex were magnetically dilute and proposed octahedral.
The complex is soluble in DMF and DMSO. Molar conductance values indicate that the
complex is non-electrolytes in nature. The in-vitro antimicrobial studies of the metal
complex, CIT and AMO against g(+)Pseudomonas aeruginosa, g(+)E. coli, g(+)Klebsiella
pneumonia, g(+)Staphylococcus aureus and g(+)Candida using Muller Hinton diffusion
method. The result showed that CIT and AMO showed mild value ranging from (0.6-0.8)
while the Cu complex shows an appreciable inhibitory zone in the range of 1.0-1.3 and 0.7-
0.9 at 200 ppm which is higher than the control drugs. Overall, the present results point out
that copper coordination may represent an effective strategy to improve the pharmacological
properties of citric-amodiaquine drugs reducing their undesired side effects.
Keywords: Citric acid, amodiaquine, Cu(II), antimicrobial activities, FT-IR, Uv-visible and
CHNS/O-elemental analysis
Field of Research: Inorganic Chemistry
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
79
Determination of phosphate in soil using UV/Visible spectrophotometer:
Molybdenum blue method
Funmilayo Enitan ADELOWO, Abdulazeez Oyeniyi SABEREDOWO*
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Phosphate as one of the irreplaceable soil macronutrients which enriches soil and aids proper
germination of crops was analyzed in soil samples from two study areas in Ogbomoso
metropolis. Low yield of farm produce due to inadequate phosphate in soil and risk of water
pollution due to run-off from farmland which phosphate fertilizer has been over applied. This
method uses: Small volume of soil extract, filtration, reduction reaction, and
ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry. The soil samples were dried using an oven, sieved with
a mesh and digested in a beaker using standard method. The samples were shaken and
filtered. The filtrates were reduced using hydrazine sulphate and diammonium molybdate
(IV) oxide. Absorbance of the reduced filtrate was measured at 725nm of the UV/Visible
spectrophotometer. The concentration of phosphate in Wazo market soil samples ranged from
2.500 - 4.700 ppm while the concentration of LAUTECH research farm ranged from 0.250 –
0.650ppm.The concentration of phosphate in both Wazo market site and LAUTECH research
farm is below the International Standard for phosphate in soil (> 7 ppm). Hence, there is a
need to apply phosphate fertilizer to both Wazo market site and LAUTECH research farm in
the case of crop cultivation.
Keywords: Phosphate, UV/Visible Spectrophotometer, Soil extract, Molybdenum blue, Oven
Field of Research: Analytical Chemistry-Soil Analysis
The Future Scientists Symposium 2017, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH),
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria ; May 29 – 31, 2017
80
Efficacy of Occium Gratissimum (OG) in adsorption of indigo carmine dye:
kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics modelling
Adewumi O. DADA1, Oghenerukevwe G. UMUKORO
1*, Dayo F. OLATONA
2
1Industrial Chemistry Programme, Department of Physical Sciences (Science and Technology
Research Cluster), Landmark University, P.M.B.1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria 2 Department of Chemical Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
*Correspondence: [email protected] & [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The release of dye solution as a result of industrialization arising from globalization remains
a worldwide problem. In the quest for sustainable environment and clean water resources,
waste remediation via the use of low cost agro-based biosorbent becomes imperative. As a
result, the biosorption of indigo carmine dyes onto Occium Gratissimum (OG) was
investigated by batch adsorption vis-à-vis optimization of operational parameters, kinetics
and thermodynamics studies. The biosorbent, OG, was characterized by Scanning Electron
microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX),
and Surface Area by Saer’s method. Effect of pH, initial concentration, temperature, and
contact time operational parameters were investigated in a batch adsorption process. Kinetics
data were tested using Pseudo first-order, Pseudo second-order, Elovich, and Intraparticle and
Liquid film diffusion models. The kinetic data fitted best to Pseudo second-order and the
mechanism was boundary layer and pore diffusion controlled. Equilibrium data were
analyzed by four Isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin –Radushkevich). Equilibrium data were best described by Freundlich isotherm model based on
the correlation coefficient (R2 >0.9). Thermodynamics parameter showed that the adsorption
was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. This study revealed that Occium
Gratissimum (OG) is a promising and potential efficient environmentally benign biosorbents
for Indigo Carmine.
Keywords: Biosorption; Occium Gratissimum; indigo carmine; kinetics; thermodynamics
Field of Research: Physical Chemistry- Adsorption Technology
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