The Freshwater Fish Diversity in theThe Freshwater Fish Diversity in the Tributaries of River Ramganga in the Shiwaliks of the Western HimalayaShiwaliks of the Western Himalaya
Vidyadhar AtkoreVidyadhar Atkore
SupervisorsSupervisorsDr. K. Sivakumar & Dr. A.J.T. Johnsingh
INTRODUCTION
• Studies on fish ecology –Africa, S. America, A t li N Z l dAustralia, New ZealandIndia, SriLanka, Nepal
• 21,723 species of fish found in the world, of
hi h (8 411) 11%which (8,411) 11% are freshwater
• 2,500 sp of fishes found in India, out of which 930 (40%) are freshwater sp(40%) are freshwater sp
THREATS TO FRESHWATER FISHES
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• What is the species diversity andWhat is the species diversity and composition in the Ramganga tributaries?
• How freshwater fishes are distributed?
• What is the population status of these fishes?
METHODOLOGY• Fishing net –
1 x 1 cm mesh size with 2 75 kg1 x 1 cm mesh size with 2.75 kgsampling - 9 am to 5 pm
• Species identification –Talwar & Jhingran (1991), Srivastava (1980), HusainSrivastava (1980), Husain (1995)
• Softwares -EstimateS & Ecosim version 7.0EstimateS & Ecosim version 7.0 for calculating species diversity
STUDY RIVERS IN UTTARAKHAND
Lansdowne Forest Division
Khoh river
Lansdowne Forest Division
Kolhu river
Khoh river
Gujjar dera
Saneh village
Corbett National Park
Mandal river
Maidavan
Domunda
Corbett National Park
Ramganga river
RESULTSRESULTS
FISH DIVERSITY
Individuals 12,330Species 43Orders 5Orders 5Families 9
FAMILY DOMINANCE
3Unknown
1
1
Gobidae
Belonidae
4
3
1
N h ili
Cobitidae
Mastacembalidae
Fam
ily
2
2
4
Sisoridae
Channidae
Nemacheilinae
3
23
2
Balitoridae
Cyprinidae
Sisoridae
0 5 10 15 20 25
Number of species
IN ORDER OF DOMINANCE
Garra gotyla Botia rostrata H l t i l
Cyprinidae Nemacheilinae Balitoridae
Botia rostrata Homaloptera rupicola
Cobitidae Sissoridae Mastacembalidae
Nemacheilus rubdipinnis Glyptothorax pectinopterus Mastacembalus armatus
Cobitidae Mastacembalidae
Channidae Belonidae GobidaeChanna gachua Xenentodon cancila Glossogobius girius
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION8
6
7
s
4
5
mbe
r of s
peci
es
2
3Num
0
1
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192
Abundances
OVERALL SPECIES ABUNDANCES
0.3
0.35
Common
0.25
0.15
0.2
Rare
0.1
0
0.05
Brostra
taBbarn
aBsharc
aCcatl
aCgach
uaGgotyla
Gpectin
opterus
Gcolour
Hrupeco
laLdyo
cheilu
sMarm
atus
Ngarhwali
Blohachata
Nrubidipi
nnisOmpak
?Pso
phoreRbola
Srichrd
sonii
Tchyli
noidesTputito
raPvit
tatus
Xcancil
a
ESTIMATED SPECIES RICHNESS by Jackknife Method
37.8540
45at
e
31.7934.09
30
35
ness
est
ima
20
25
spec
ies
richn
10
15
ackk
nife
1 s
0
5
J
Khoh Kolhu Mandal
EstimateS version 7.0 by Colwell (2005)
4 5Kolhu
Khoh15
4 53
15
54
Mandal
7 SIMILARITY IN COMPOSITION7 COMPOSITION
HOW SIMILAR ARE RIVERS ?HOW SIMILAR ARE RIVERS ?
S ’ Si il it I dSorenson’s Similarity Index…..
• Khoh- Kolhu 70.58 %
• Kolhu- Mandal 61.81%
• Mandal- Khoh 64.28%
CURRENT STATUS IN THE TRIBUTARIES
100%
60%
80%
40%
60%
0%
20%
0%Khoh Kolhu Mandal
RiRi v e r sVery Rare Rare Not Very Common Common
THREATENED SPECIES (CAMP)
• Vulnerable 9Vulnerable 9• Endangered 5
LR t 13• LRnt 13• DD 1• NA 15
SUMMARY
• Total 43 species recorded of which 28 sp were threatened and 15 sp were in NOT ASSESSED tASSESSED category
U di t b d M d l i h d th i• Undisturbed Mandal river had the maximum species recorded
• Family Cyprinidae dominated followed by Nemacheilinae
• Current status- 5 sp not very common; 3 sp common; 1 sp rare & 34 sp very rare
IMPLICATIONS
• Creating awareness, controlling illegal fishing are recommended
• Long term studies required to know detail• Long-term studies required to know detail community structure of these rivers
• All rivers found to be excellent breeding grounds for cold water fishes and Golden mahseer in particular.
K lh d Kh h b d li• Kolhu and Khoh can be a good angling destinations if provided good protection.
Icthyofaunal diversity of
Shivalik HimalayaShivalik Himalaya
Indian Trout - VulnerableIndian Trout Vulnerable
Raimas bolaRaimas bola
Gotyla -Vulnerable
Garra gotyla
Golden Mahseer - EndangeredGolden Mahseer - Endangered
Tor putitoraTor putitora
Y- Loach - EndangeredY Loach Endangered
Botia lohachata
Stone sucker- LrntStone sucker Lrnt
Gl t th t l hittGlyptothorax telchitta
Snow trout - Lrnt
Schizothorax progastus
Tank Goby- LrntTank Goby- Lrnt
Gl bi i iGlossogobius girius
Freshwater Garfish - LrntFreshwater Garfish - Lrnt
Xenentodon cancila
Chaguni – Yet to assessg
Chagunius chagunio
Black Mahseer – Yet to assess
Tor chylinoides
Spiny eel – Yet to assessSpiny eel Yet to assess
Mastcembalus armatusMastcembalus armatus
Spotted Snake head – Yet to assess
Channa gachuaChanna gachua
Many questions are yet to answerMany questions are yet to answer• Is there any seasonal variation in species
composition?composition?• Does the use of different gears really affect fish
catch?catch?• What are the key habitat factors which determine
the diversity of these fishesthe diversity of these fishes• What is the future of NOT ASSESSED fishes?• How habitat destruction affect the fish• How habitat destruction affect the fish
composition?• How can we minimize the level of threats to theseHow can we minimize the level of threats to these
fishes?
Acknowledgement• CWW UttaranchalCWW, Uttaranchal• Director, WII• Dr. Karthikeyan Vasudevan
M R h Ch d DFO L d F t Di i i• Mr. Ramesh Chandra, DFO Lansdowne Forest Division• Directors, Corbett National Park• Dr. V.D. Joshi, HOD Dept Zoology, Govt P.G. Collage,
K dKotdwar.• Dr. Uniyal, Fishery Biologist, ZSI, Deharadun• Hari, Rohit, Abishek, Amit, Rishi, Tamo, Chandrima, , , , , ,• Rashid, Ramesh, Jaypal, Asgar, Sabya, Pankaj, Patrick• Padma, Swati, Poonam, Fauzia• Bahadur Bhaskar Ramzani Guddu• Bahadur, Bhaskar, Ramzani, Guddu• My family members• Director, BNHS
Thank You
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