THE FOUNDATION OF PHYSICS THE FOUNDATION OF PHYSICS
TOM GEHRELSTOM GEHRELS
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONAUNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
THE LEADING QUESTIONTHE LEADING QUESTION
““WHERE DOES ALL THIS COME FROM ?”WHERE DOES ALL THIS COME FROM ?”
““HOW DID OUR PHYSICS ORIGINATE”HOW DID OUR PHYSICS ORIGINATE”
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
• EQUATIONS:EQUATIONS: FROM PLANCK, FROM PLANCK, CHANDRASEKHARCHANDRASEKHAR
• TESTED WITHIN OUR UNIVERSETESTED WITHIN OUR UNIVERSE
• DISCOVERY:DISCOVERY: FINITE MASS OF OUR UNIVERSEFINITE MASS OF OUR UNIVERSE
DISCOVERY:DISCOVERY: MANY UNIVERSESMANY UNIVERSES
•• FUTURE WORKFUTURE WORK
THE PLANCK DOMAINTHE PLANCK DOMAIN
LENGTH = (Gh/cLENGTH = (Gh/c33))0.50.5
MASS = (hc/G)MASS = (hc/G)0.50.5
UNIVERSAL MASS = (hc/G)UNIVERSAL MASS = (hc/G)αα, IN H, IN H
•• UNIFIED - COSMIC - PHYSICSUNIFIED - COSMIC - PHYSICS •• ORIGINSORIGINS
MAX PLANCKMAX PLANCK
•• COSMOLOGICAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENTCOSMOLOGICAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
• • HIS AIM: HIS AIM: COSMOS’COSMOS’ UNIFIEDUNIFIED PHYSICS PHYSICS
•• h QUANTUM, c RELATIVITY, G GRAVITY, h QUANTUM, c RELATIVITY, G GRAVITY,
H ATOMIC PHYSICSH ATOMIC PHYSICS
MAX PLANCK’S h CONSTANT, 1899MAX PLANCK’S h CONSTANT, 1899
……OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY
OF ESTABLISHING UNITS OF ESTABLISHING UNITS
FOR LENGTH, MASS, TIME AND TEMPERATURE,FOR LENGTH, MASS, TIME AND TEMPERATURE,
WHICH… MAINTAIN THEIR MEANINGWHICH… MAINTAIN THEIR MEANING
FOR ALL TIMES AND FOR ALL CULTURES,FOR ALL TIMES AND FOR ALL CULTURES,
INCLUDING EXTRATERRESTRIAL INCLUDING EXTRATERRESTRIAL
AND NONHUMAN ONES… AND NONHUMAN ONES…
THE COSMOS IS THE COSMOS IS QUANTIZED QUANTIZED
M(M(αα) = (hc/G)) = (hc/G)αα
THEORY TYPE OF OBJECT OBSERVED THEORY TYPE OF OBJECT OBSERVED αα M( M(αα)) αα
2.00 1.1 x 102.00 1.1 x 107878 Baryonic Universe 1.998-2.008 Baryonic Universe 1.998-2.008 1.50 3.5 x 101.50 3.5 x 105858 Early-type star 1.49-(1.53) Early-type star 1.49-(1.53)
0.50 3.3 x 100.50 3.3 x 101919 Planck mass Planck mass
0.00 10.00 1 Proton mass Proton mass
THERE THERE ISIS A MULTIVERSE A MULTIVERSE
(hc/G)(hc/G)αα IS OPEN TO ALL VALUES OF IS OPEN TO ALL VALUES OF αα
• • ORIGIN OF OUR FINE-TUNED PHYSICS ORIGIN OF OUR FINE-TUNED PHYSICS
• • SUPPLY PROBLEMSUPPLY PROBLEM
• • UNIFORMITY PROBLEMSUNIFORMITY PROBLEMS
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MULTIVERSECHARACTERISTICS OF THE MULTIVERSE
•• QUANTIZATION HIERARCHY QUANTIZATION HIERARCHY
•• SAME MASS, SAME PHYSICSSAME MASS, SAME PHYSICS
•• TRIAL-AND-ERROR EVOLUTIONTRIAL-AND-ERROR EVOLUTION
SUMMARY AND COMING NEXTSUMMARY AND COMING NEXT
EQUATIONSEQUATIONS
TABLE: PROTON, P.MASS, STAR, UNIVERSE TABLE: PROTON, P.MASS, STAR, UNIVERSE OBSERVATIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESISOBSERVATIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
QUANTIZATION HIERARCHY,THEIRS & OURSQUANTIZATION HIERARCHY,THEIRS & OURS
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… LEADING QUESTION:LEADING QUESTION:
HOW DO NEW UNIVERSES COME HOW DO NEW UNIVERSES COME
FROM THE MULTIVERSE?FROM THE MULTIVERSE?
A MODEL THAT MAY IMPROVE OR A MODEL THAT MAY IMPROVE OR REPLACEREPLACE
BIG-BANG, INFLATION, STRING BIG-BANG, INFLATION, STRING THEORIESTHEORIES
PRELIMINARY DRAFTPRELIMINARY DRAFT
TOM GEHRELSTOM GEHRELS
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONAUNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
LEADING QUESTIONLEADING QUESTION
HOW DO NEW UNIVERSES COME HOW DO NEW UNIVERSES COME
FROM THE MULTIVERSE ?FROM THE MULTIVERSE ?
NOT BASED ON THE EQUATIONSNOT BASED ON THE EQUATIONS
BUT ON UNDERSTANDING OF:BUT ON UNDERSTANDING OF:
1. INTER1. INTERSTELLARSTELLAR MEDIUM MEDIUM
AND OFAND OF
2. PRESENT BIG BANG THEORY 2. PRESENT BIG BANG THEORY
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
AGING & DECAY OF OUR UNIVERSEAGING & DECAY OF OUR UNIVERSE
INTER-UNIVERSAL MEDIUM INTER-UNIVERSAL MEDIUM
NOTNOT AA BIG BANG ATBIG BANG AT t t = 0 SECS = 0 SECS
BUT A PROTON BANG LATER BUT A PROTON BANG LATER
DECAYDECAY
SAKHAROV - HEAVIER ELEMENTS FASTERSAKHAROV - HEAVIER ELEMENTS FASTER
SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES T < 10 K, PHOTONS, NEUTRINOS, GALAXIES,T < 10 K, PHOTONS, NEUTRINOS, GALAXIES,
DARK MATTER AND ENERGY?DARK MATTER AND ENERGY?
ISM ANALOGIES, SWEEPING, CLOUDSISM ANALOGIES, SWEEPING, CLOUDS
I U MI U M
THE INTER-UNIVERSAL MEDIUMTHE INTER-UNIVERSAL MEDIUM
STARS AND GALAXIES AGE BY TRANSITION TO STARS AND GALAXIES AGE BY TRANSITION TO HEAVIER ELEMENTSHEAVIER ELEMENTS
ACCRETION ACCRETION
AS IN ISM, BUT ON LARGER, LONGER SCALESAS IN ISM, BUT ON LARGER, LONGER SCALES
BIG BANG BIG BANG PROTON BANG PROTON BANG
•• SUPPLY SUPPLY
• • PHYSICSPHYSICS
•••• UNIFORMITY, GALAXIESUNIFORMITY, GALAXIES
• • DEGENERATEDEGENERATE
• • ENERGY ENERGY RECOMBINATION RECOMBINATION
•• DARK MASSDARK MASS
t t = = 0 0 10 10-6-6 s, s, 10101818 KG/MKG/M33, , 10101313 K, 0.6 AU K, 0.6 AU
FUTURE WORKFUTURE WORK
• MODELING AND CHECKINGMODELING AND CHECKING
•• ROLE OF DARK MATTER ROLE OF DARK MATTER
CONFIRMATION CONFIRMATION DISCOVERY DISCOVERY
SIZE OF UNIVERSE, PLANCK DENSITY, 10SIZE OF UNIVERSE, PLANCK DENSITY, 109595 KG M KG M-3-3
(hc/G)(hc/G)22 H H1-2α1-2α / c / c55/hG/hG22 THIRD ROOT : h/cH THIRD ROOT : h/cH
R = 8.197 3725 x 10R = 8.197 3725 x 10-16-16 m OBSERVED: 6<R<10 m OBSERVED: 6<R<10
IF OUR UNIVERSE WERE EVER AT PLANCK DENSITY,IF OUR UNIVERSE WERE EVER AT PLANCK DENSITY,
ITS SIZE WAS THAT OF THE PROTONITS SIZE WAS THAT OF THE PROTON
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