Historical Highlights
• ~900 AD Kitab-‐al-‐Asrar (Book of Secrets) – Showed volaFle oils of herbs, etc. best preserved and best administered in alcohol
• DisFllaFon was inheritor of alchemist tradiFon. Early liqueurs included gold and crushed pearls.
• UnFl 1700s: Medicinal and Complicated Liqueurs. Early liqueurs mostly plants, herbs, flowers.
• 1700s and later: More enjoyable, less complex, less biWer
“Curacao Triple Sec”
• Curacao – Came first – Likely sugar/grain base iniFally, brandy later
• Triple – Three infusions of flavoring
• Sec – Theory: referred to biWerness, not sweetness
Curacao vs. Triple Sec IMHO
• Curacao – brandy-‐based, orange colored – Grand Marnier, Cointreau Noir, Royal Combier, Mandarin Napoleon, Pierre Ferrand Dry Curaçao
• Triple Sec – neutral spirit-‐based, clear – Cointreau, Combier, all the clear ones
BiWer Almonds AmareWo/Disaronno
• Are not almonds
• Stone fruit pits – apricot kernels, cherries, etc.
• Poisonous if consumed in large quanFFes
• Water disFllaFon leaves that behind, collects biWer almond oils
Flavored Vodka in USA
• 30% ABV Minimum • No maximum sugar content • Many on market would qualify as liqueurs
EU Liqueur Geographical IndicaFons • Ratafia de Champagne France • Ratafia catalana Spain • Anis português Portugal • Suomalainen Marjalikööri/Suomalainen Hedelmälikööri Finsk
Bärlikör/Finsk Fruktlikör/ Finnish berry liqueur/Finnish fruit liqueur Finland
• Grossglockner AlpenbiWer Austria • Mariazeller Magenlikör Austria • Mariazeller Jagasakl Austria • Puchheimer BiWer Austria • Steinfelder MagenbiWer Austria • Wachauer Marillenlikör Austria J • ägertee/Jagertee/Jagatee Austria HüWentee Germany • Allažu Ķimelis Latvia • Čepkelių Lithuania • Demänovka Bylinný Likér Slovakia • Polish Cherry Poland • Karlovarská Hořká Czech Republic • Pelinkovec Slovenia • Blutwurz Germany • Cantueso AlicanFno Spain • Licor café de Galicia Spain • Licor de hierbas de Galicia Spain • Μαστίχα Χίου/MasFcha of Chios Greece
• Κίτρο Νάξου/Kitro of Naxos Greece • Κουμκουάτ Κέρκυρας/Koum Kouat of Corfu Greece • Τεντούρα/Tentoura Greece • Chiemseer Klosterlikör Germany • Bayerischer Kräuterlikör Germany • Palo de Mallorca Spain • Ginjinha portuguesa Portugal • Licor de Singeverga Portugal • Mirto di Sardegna Italy • Benediktbeurer Klosterlikör Germany • EWaler Klosterlikör Germany • Liquore di limone della Costa d'Amalfi Italy • Liquore di limone di Sorrento Italy • Cassis de Bourgogne France • Cassis de Dijon France • Cassis de Saintonge France • Cassis du Dauphiné France • Cassis de Beaufort Luxembourg • Nocino di Modena Italy • Orehovec (Nocino) Slovenia • Berliner/Hamburger/ Münchener Kümmel Germany • Irish Cream • Genepì del Piemonte/ Genepì della Valle d'Aosta /Génépi des
Alpes/Genepì degli Alpi France, Italy • Poncha da Madeira Portugal
What to do with Dehydrated Liqueurs
• Non-‐alcoholic beverages • Higher-‐Alcoholic versions: Add dehydrated liqueur + everclear to original liqueur
• Rim glass with dehydrated liqueur • Any sugar use
Liqueur ProducFon
• Most Compounded – assembled at the end
• Some Infused/Macerated/RedisFlled – Sloe Gin by EU law macerated – Maraschino disFlled or macerated EU
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