The Educational system in Romania
• The Romanian educational system is based on a tuition-free system.
• Access to free education till 18 years old is guaranteed by Article 32 in the Constitution of Romania.
• Compulsory education includes 11 grades. Theoretically, children become pupils at the age of 6 and finish compulsory school at the age of 17.
The structure of the pre-university education is the result of the reform process started in the
early 90’s and assisted by the EU through pre-integration programmes.
Romanian educational system includes
• Pre-school Education• Primary Education • Lower Secondary Education - gymnazium• Higher Secondary Education • Post-high school Education • Higher Education
VET in RomaniaVET is including:
Initial VET named TVET Continuing VET named CVT
TVET is delivred through the formal system and, in the near future, also through apprenticeship schemes by enterprises in cooperation with education and training providers
The structure of TVET system
TVET is developed in the new law at secondary education level containing two alternatives, as follows:The technological high-school, includes:
– the lower cycle, namely grades X-XI, that are leading to acquiring general (non-certificated) competences in a number of domains, part of three profiles: resources, techniques, and services; at the end of the 11th grade , after a practical training stage the students can acquire a professional qualification of level 2 (level 3 EQF)
– the upper cycle, grades XI – XII, that are leading to level ISCED 3 and professional qualification level 3 level 4 EQF
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• The vocational school, includes:
– training programmes ( with a duration of 6months-2 years) based on occupational standards conducting to a professional qualification of lower level
The TVET system also includes:
• The Post-high schools that represent a specialised TVET route of 1-3 years leading to acquiring certificated competences for vocational qualifications level 3 advanced (level 5 EQF).
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TVET profiles Three major profiles relate to the envisaged trades and
specialisations, as follows:– Techniques, comprising the fields of mechanics,
electromechanical and electrical, electronics and, automation, constructions and civil works, telecommunications, light industry, transports, industrial chemistry, wood processing
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– Services, comprising the fields of tourism and catering, food & beverage, commerce and related services, post, economics and public administration, health and social assistance, as well as other services deserving industry and population
– Resources, comprising the fields of food industry, forestry, agriculture, agro-tourism, animal breeding and veterinary, environment protection
TVET providers
• Public vocational and technical education (part of the secondary education) is financed mainly from the public budget.
• The system includes also private units of all types of schools.
• Public and private schools are subject to accreditation of programmes, and a quality assurance methodology, which enables TVET schools to produce annual self-assessment reports and improvement plans - subject to external audits.
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Institutions having roles in TVET• Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport
for TVET delivred through education system• Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection
for VET delivred through apprenticeship system and for CVT
National Authority for Qualifications, supported by Sectoral Committees, reorganised by unifying National Adult Training Board and National Agency for Qualifications in Higher Education
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MoERYS- institutional structures involved in TVET
• National Centre for Evaluation in Pre-university Education
• National Centre for TVET Development
• National Agency for Quality Assurance in Pre-university Education- ARACIP
• Institute of Educational Sciences
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Regional intervention is made predominately by the County School Inspectorates.
National TVET schools network
2003 - 2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 20100
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
844
1474 1495
13671316
1266 1266
518
692 713611
558 516 516
National TVET schools network
schools units schools units in rural area
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TVET students enrollment within secondary education
2003 -2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 201040.00%
45.00%
50.00%
55.00%
60.00%
65.00%
59.57% 59.98% 59.76% 59.94% 60.13%59.14% 59.17%
TVET students enrolment within secondary education
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Students enrollment in TVET
2003 -2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 20100
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
618951 637803 628554 618116 608327575757 563961
74824 84427 79113 70834 65598 63588 59139
Students enrolment in TVET
no. of students no. of students in rural area
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Students enrollment in TVET in rural areas
2003 - 2004 2004 - 2005 2005 - 2006 2006 - 2007 2007 - 2008 2008 - 2009 2009 - 20100.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
12.09%
13.24%12.59%
11.46%10.78% 11.04%
10.49%
Students enrolment in TVET in rural area
20
Thank you for your attention!
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