ESSENTIAL HISTORY
2nd ESO
UNIT 1
The Early Middle Ages
civilizations /sɪv.əl.aɪ’zeɪ.ʃən/
VERBSdecline fall/dɪ’klaɪn/ /fɑ:l/
northern
western
eastern
southern
/’nɔ:r.ðɚn/
/’wes.tən/ /’i:stən/
/’sʌð.ən/
Long-distance/lɒŋ’dɪs.tənt s/
craftsmanship /’krɑ:ft s.mən.ʃɪp/
agriculture /’æg.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər /
Roman Empire
/’em.paɪər /
Byzantine empire
Byzantine empire/bɪ’zæn.taɪn/
Germanic Kingdoms/dʒə’mænɪk/ /’kɪŋ.dəm/
Carolingian Empire
Counties /’kaʊn.tiz/
Christianity
Islam Judaism
Christian
Muslim
Jewish
/krɪs.ti’æn.ɪ.ti/
/’krɪs.tiən/
/’ɪz.lɑ:m/
/’mʊz.lɪm/
/’dʒu:deɪɪzəm/
/dʒu:/
Barbarian tribes
/bɑ:’beə.ri.ən/
/traɪb/
Visigoths Huns/’visigɒθ/ /hʌn/
Arabs Turks/’ær.əb/ /tɜ:k/
Emperor
Caliph/’em.pər.ər / /’keɪ.lɪf/
Church
dome Greek-cross plan
/tʃɜ:tʃ/
/dəʊm/
/’gri: kross/ /plæn/
Ablutions fountain
Mosque
Minaret
/mɒsk/
/ə’blu:ʃənz
’faʊn.tɪn/
/mɪnə’ret/