The Civil War
Chapter 22
Union President Abraham Lincoln
The Stars & Stripes
Union Flag
Union President Abraham Lincoln
• 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th U.S. President in November
• South Carolina was the first state to secede in December of 1860
• Eventually, 11 southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America
Confederate President Jefferson Davis
The Stars & Bars
Confederate Flag
Confederate President Jefferson Davis
• Born in Kentucky, raised on a plantation in Mississippi
• Attended West Point• Served in Mexican
American War• President Franklin
Pierce’s Secretary of War
Both sides expected a quick and easy victory
to the war
Anaconda Plan
Anaconda Plan
1. Surround the South by land and sea
2. Divide the Confederacy into sections
3. Capture Richmond, Virginia (the capital of the Confederacy)
Battle of Bull Run (The Great Awakening)
Battle of Bull Run July 1861
• People came with picnics to watch the battle• Manassas (small town outside of Richmond)• The Confederate troops had been warned by a
female spy and were waiting • The South won this first battle• Battle of Bull Run History Channel Video
The Union Blockade
The Union Blockade
• The Union closed all southern ports so they could not export cotton or import supplies from Europe
Battle of Antietam
Battle of Antietam September 1862
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee invaded Maryland • Union claimed it as a win• Union Losses 2,100 dead/10,300 injured• Confederate Losses 2,770 dead/11,000
injured• THE BLOODIEST DAY OF THE WAR!• Battle of Antietam History Channel Video
The New Realities of War
The New Realities of War
• Weapons were more accurate, which resulted in more deaths • Battle techniques were outdated
Gatling GunForerunner to Machine Gun
Spencer Repeating Rifle
• Could shoot 7 rounds before being reloaded
Colt Navy Revolver
• Could shoot 6 rounds before being reloaded, was light and had less recoil
Ironsides & Submarines
• Iron plates were attached to wooden warships (ironsides)• The first submarines were developed and
used in warfare
Medical Care
• Medical care was not as advanced as weapons. More than 600,000 men died in the war
• UNSANITARY CONDITIONS –2/3 of deaths were caused by disease &
infection–Doctors and nurses didn’t wash hands or
instruments between patients–Diseases: Typhoid, pneumonia, diarrhea, etc
Civil War Field Hospital
Civil War Field Hospital
Civil War Amputee
Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1, 1863• President Lincoln’s formal order
ending slavery in the Confederate States• Provided inspiration to continue
fighting to end slavery• Prevented Europe from making an
alliance with the South
Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863
• Turning point in the war• Lee invaded the North again at
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania• 90,000 Union troops vs. 75,000
Confederate troops• 17,500 Union Troops and 23,000
Confederate Troops were killed in 3 days• Gettysburg Video from History Channel
Battle of Gettysburg Results
• Lee lost 1/3 of his army• Lee retreated and from this point
on he was only able to fight a defensive war
The Draft
• Both sides started running out of volunteers• 1862 Confederacy started drafting
white men between 18-35• 1863 Union started drafting men 20-
45… you could escape the draft by paying a substitute
New York Draft Riots
New York Draft Riots: July 1863
• People rioted for 4 days in resistance to the draft (they did not want to fight a war on behalf of African Americans)
• Whites attacked free blacks (100 died)• Abolitionists & sympathizers were attacked• Public buildings were raided• A black orphanage was burned to the ground • Lincoln sent troops from Gettysburg• Scene from Gangs of New York
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
• Dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery• Lincoln gave one of the most famous speeches
in American history. It drew upon the Declaration of Independence and encouraged Americans to finish the war.
• “The world… can never forget what they did here… these dead shall not have died in vain- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom” (referring to emancipation)
• Johnny Cash reciting the Gettysburg Address
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of Vicksburg Video
Battle of Vicksburg
• After a long siege, Union General Grant took control of the Mississippi River and divided the Confederacy into two• This victory, as well as others,
prompted Lincoln to put Grant in charge of the Union army
Massachusetts 54th Regiment
• Massachusetts: One of the first states to have black regiments
• Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw (son of abolitionists)
• 1,000 soldiers; 2 sons of Fredrick Douglass• Paid less than white soldiers• Confederacy announced that any captured
black Union soldiers or white officers of black regiments would be executed
• MA 54th History Channel Scene from Glory
Massachusetts 54th Regiment
Lincoln’s Reelection
Lincoln’s Re-election: November 1864
•Lincoln doubted that he would get re-elected•Northerners were growing very weary of war•Sherman’s capture of Atlanta helped convince voters that Lincoln could win this war•With the re-election of Lincoln, any hope for negotiating a treaty with the Confederacy evaporated
William Tecumseh Sherman
William Tecumseh Sherman
• General in the Union Army during the Civil War; Grant’s right-hand man• Praised for his military strategy• Criticized for his “scorched earth”
policies• “Sherman’s March” left the South in
ruins
Sherman’s March (Route)
Sherman’s March
Sherman’s TacticsSherman’s Burning of Atlanta
Union General: Ulysses S. Grant
Union General: Ulysses S. Grant
• Attended West Point• He sought to demolish
the undersupplied Confederate Army• He would go on to be
the 18th president of the United States
Confederate General: Robert E. Lee
Confederate General: Robert E. Lee
• Graduated 2nd in his class at West Point• Asked by Lincoln to
command the Union Army• Opposed slavery and
secession, but could not fight against his native Virginia
April 9, 1865Appomattox Courthouse…Lee Surrenders
Appomattox Courthouse…Lee Surrenders
• Lee was forced to surrender his weary army• April 9, 1865, in full-dress uniform he
surrendered to Grant• Grant’s terms of surrender were generous• Confederate soldiers could go home if they
promised to stop fighting• Could take their horses and mules for plowing• Officers could keep their weapons• Grant sent food to Lee’s half-starved troops
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Farewell Address
Lincoln Assassinated
Lincoln Assassinated
• April 14, 1865• 5 days after Lee surrendered to Grant• At Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C.• Shot in the back of the head • Remained in a coma for 9 hours before
he died at 7:20am April 15,1865
John Wilkes Booth
John Wilkes Booth
• Famous actor and Confederate spy• Booth decided to assassinate the
president after attending a speech (April 11, 1865) where Lincoln promoted voting rights for blacks• Was on the run for 10 days before he
was found on a farm in Virginia and shot
• Aftermath of Lincoln’s Assassination History Channel Video Clip
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