The Canine Muscle Atlas Project
Loading, Viewing, and Interacting with the Canine Muscle Atlas
3D model
Getting started
• Download the MuscleAtlas3Dmodel.zip file.– Extract all files and note where they are saved
• Download and install the latest stable release of 3D Slicer from: http://slicer.org/pages/Special:SlicerDownloads– 3D Slicer is large and the download time will depend on
the connectivity method
– Open the 3D Slicer program
Click “File” and select “Load Scene”
Find the folder containing the files that you downloaded and unzipped.
Open the CanineMuscleAtlas.mrml file(ignore the _CanineMuscle.mrml file)
The skeletal model should automatically display with the right limb muscles
displayed; this may take a few minutes
Reorienting the model
Clicking on the axis labels will result in standardized orthogonal views
Changing the display window
To change the background color, hide the 3D cube or hide the 3D axis labels, select the pop-ups activated by clicking the eye.
Changing the structures on display
Click on the stack of cameras to select muscles grouped by function (e.g. stifle extensors) or muscles grouped by innervation (e.g. by femoral nerve). There will be a delay when changing between scenes.
Muscles in this group are indicated by an “open” eye in the MRML tree.
Selective display
Selective display
For example, by checking the eye next to the quadriceps femoris muscle, it will be displayed on the skeleton.
User interface display options
By clicking on the blue button, you can change the layout of the user interface window, to simultaneously display the segmented MR images.
User interface display options
Or display only a single panel of images…
Label identification
Muscle
Cursor
Label identification
Cursor
Muscle
More to know…
• Slicer is an incredibly powerful program with diverse capabilities. In this tutorial only the most basic functions have been explained.
• For more information on the capabilities of 3D Slicer, see the following website: http://www.slicer.org/slicerWiki/index.php/Training
Appendix
Muscles categorized by function
Hip supination
• Iliopsoas• Internal obturator• Quadratus femoris• External obturator
Hip abduction
• Superficial gluteal• Middle gluteal• Piriformis• Deep gluteal• Abductor cruris caudalis
Hip adduction
• Gracilis• Pectineus• Adductor magnus and brevis• Adductor longus
Hip flexion
• Iliopsoas• Tensor fasciae latae• Rectus femoris (quadriceps femoris)• Articularis coxae• Sartorius
Hip extension
• Superficial gluteal• Middle gluteal• Deep gluteal• Piriformis• Quadratus femoris• Biceps femoris• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus (stance phase)• Adductor longus• Adductor magnus et brevis
Stifle flexion
• Biceps femoris (non-weight bearing)• Abductor cruris caudalis• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus (non-weight bearing)• Sartorius (caudal part)• Gastrocnemius• Superficial digital flexor
Stifle extension
• Tensor fasciae latae• Biceps femoris (stance phase)• Semimembranosus (stance phase)• Quadriceps femoris • Articularis genus• Sartorius (cranial part)
Resists supination of the limb
• Popliteus
Tarsal flexion
• Cranial tibial• Long digital extensor• Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Tarsal extension
• Biceps femoris• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus (stance)• Gracilis• Gastrocnemius• Superficial digital flexor• Deep digital flexor• Caudal tibial
Digital flexion
• Superficial digital flexor• Deep digital flexor (medial and lateral heads)
Digital extension
• Long digital extensor• Lateral digital extensor
Pronation of the pes
• Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Supination of the pes
• Cranial tibial
Muscles categorized by innervation
Femoral nerve † (L4-L6)• Quadriceps femoris• Articularis coxae• Sartorius (occas saphenous n., a br. of femoral n.)
† forms within the body of the iliopsoas m.
Obturator Nerve (L4-L6)
• Gracilis• Pectineus• Adductor magnus et brevis• Adductor longus• External obturator
Gluteal nerves (lumbosacral trunk)
• Cranial gluteal nerve (L6-S1)– Deep gluteal– Middle gluteal– Tensor fasciae latae– Piriformis1
• Caudal gluteal nerve (L7, occas S1-S2)– Superficial gluteal– Piriformis2
Sciatic nerve (L6-S1)
• Internal obturator• Gemelli• Quadratus femoris• Biceps femoris• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus• Abductor cruris caudalis
Common & deep peroneal nerves (L6-7) br. of sciatic nerve
• Peroneus(fibularis) longus (common and deep peroneal nn.)
• Peroneus(fibularis) longus (deep peroneal n)• Cranial tibial (deep peroneal n.)• Long digital extensor (deep peroneal n.)
Tibial nerve (L6-S1) larger br. of sciatic nerve
• Gastrocnemius• Superficial digital flexor• Deep digital flexor• Caudal tibial• Popliteus
References1. Evans HE, deLahunta A. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. 7th ed. St.
Louis: W. B. Saunders; 2010.2. Evans HE. Miller's anatomy of the dog. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B.
Saunders Co.; 1993. 3. Done SH, Goody PD, Evans SA, Stickland NC. Color atlas of veterinary
anatomy, volume 3. New York: Mosby; 1996.4. Smallwood JE, George TF. Anatomic atlas for computed tomography in the
mesaticephalic dog: abdomen and pelvis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992;33:147-167.
5. Yushkevich PA, Piven J, Hazlett HC, Smith RG, Ho S, Gee JC, and Gerig G. User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: Significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage 2006 Jul 1;31(3):1116-28.
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