The Brain! IIA-3.1 Identify the structure and function of the
major regions of the brain. IIA-3.2 Recognize that specific
functions are centered in specific lobes of the cerebral
cortex.
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Brainstem Pons : mass of nerve fibers serves as a bridge
between the medulla and midbrain above it. associated with face
sensation and movement. Medulla : located at the base of the brain
stem controls many of the mechanisms necessary for life, such as
heartbeat, blood pressure and breathing.
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Lymbic System
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Thalamus a major relay center to the cortex for all sensations
except for smell. transmits visual information, and the medial
geniculate nucleus, which transmits auditory information.
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Reticular Formation aids in regulation of the sleep-wake cycle
as well as the level of arousal when awake.
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Cerebellum The cerebellum controls balance and coordination
where learned movements are stored. receives input from many parts
of the brain regarding pressure on the limbs, limb movement, and
the position of the limbs in space.
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Amygdala associated with forming complex emotional responses,
particularly involving aggression.
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Hypothalamus controls many functions including hunger, thirst,
pain, pleasure and the sex drive regulate the pituitary gland,
which in turn, regulates hormonal levels in the body.
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Motor Cortex process and transmit information regarding body
movement coordinates movement.
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Sensory Cortex sensations, such as touch and pressure, are
felt. spatial orientation and information processing.
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Cerebral Cortex Separated into 4 different sections Separated
into 4 different sections Frontal Lobe behind forehead Frontal Lobe
behind forehead Parietal lobes top and to the rear Parietal lobes
top and to the rear Occipital lobes back of your head Occipital
lobes back of your head Temporal lobes behind your ears Temporal
lobes behind your ears Function of the Cortex Function of the
Cortex Motor functions Motor functions Sensory functions Sensory
functions Association areas Association areas language
language
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Temporal Lobe auditory processing and memory
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Occipital Lobe Process visual information from the eyes
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Association Area Area of the central cortex that are not
involved in primary motor or sensory functions. Area of the central
cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions.
Involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering,
thinking, speaking, and integrating information Involved in higher
mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, speaking,
and integrating information we only use 10 percent of our brain we
only use 10 percent of our brain In the frontal lobe, enables
judgment, planning and processing of new memories In the frontal
lobe, enables judgment, planning and processing of new memories Can
also alter personality Can also alter personality Phineas Gage
Phineas Gage Phineas Gage Phineas Gage
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Language and the Brain Aphasia impairment of language, usually
caused by the left hemisphere damage either to Brocas area or
Wernicke's Area Aphasia impairment of language, usually caused by
the left hemisphere damage either to Brocas area or Wernicke's Area
Brocas Area Brocas Area Controls language expression Controls
language expression Area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left
hemisphere, that directs the muscle movement in speech Area of the
frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the
muscle movement in speech Wernicke's Area Wernicke's Area Controls
language reception Controls language reception Usually in the left
temporal lobe that involves language comprehension and expression
Usually in the left temporal lobe that involves language
comprehension and expression
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Angular gyrus Involved in reading out loud Involved in reading
out loud Receives visual information and recodes which Wernickes
area gives it meaning. Receives visual information and recodes
which Wernickes area gives it meaning. Damage to this area will
allow the person to speak and understand but unable to read. Damage
to this area will allow the person to speak and understand but
unable to read.
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Pieces to the Puzzle of Language Reading Aloud 1.Words register
in the visual area 2.Relayed to the angular gyrus 3.Transforms the
words into auditory code 4.Received and understood in the Wernickes
Area 5.Sent to Brocas Area which controls the motor cortex
6.Creates the pronounced word *Key thing to remember, in processing
language, the brain operates by dividing the mental functions
speaking, perceiving, thinking, remembering